Mpweya wa carbon mu injini. Kodi kuchepetsa deposition ake?
Mapangidwe a mpweya ndi chinthu chosafunika kwenikweni kuchokera pakuwona ntchito ya injini, koma kuthetsa kwathunthu kuli kosatheka. Izi ndichifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mafuta amakono, mawonekedwe a physico-mankhwala omwe amachitika pakuyaka, koma sizinthu zonse. Dongosolo la cylinder-piston ndi malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ma depositi a kaboni. Ndi zifukwa zotani zopangira madipoziti ndipo izi zitha kuchepetsedwa?
Vuto la mwaye limakhudza, mokulirapo kapena pang'ono, mitundu yonse ya injini, ndipo mapangidwe ake ndi zotsatira za kuyaka kopanda ungwiro kwa kusakaniza kwamafuta-mpweya. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti mafuta a injini amasakanikirana ndi mafuta. Madipoziti a kaboni amayikidwa muchipinda choyaka, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kutenthetsa ndi "kuphika" kwamafuta a injini ndi zolimba zomwe zimachokera kumafuta. Pankhani ya injini zoyatsira spark, mankhwala omwe amapezeka mumafuta amathandizanso kupanga ma depositi a kaboni, omwe amapangidwa kuti achepetse kugogoda.
"Mayendetsedwe a dalaivala ndi ofunikira potengera ma depositi a kaboni mu injini. Palibenso chabwino kwambiri: kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono kapena kuthamanga kwambiri ndikuyendetsa mtunda waufupi kumawonjezera chiopsezo choyika injini. Zotsirizirazi zimakhudzanso ma spark plugs, omwe samafikira kutentha kwadziyeretsa (pafupifupi madigiri 450 C) kwa nthawi yayitali. Komano, ma Turbocharger amalimbikitsa kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono, komwe kumapangitsa kuyendetsa bwino kwa 1200-1500 rpm, zomwe mwatsoka zimathandizira kutulutsa mpweya. Izi zitha kuchepetsedwa posintha njira yanu yoyendetsera galimoto ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apamwamba kwambiri. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi mafuta a Total omwe ali ndi luso la ART, omwe, malinga ndi ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association), amawonjezera chitetezo cha injini mpaka 74%," akutero Andrzej Husiatynski, Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Zaumisiri ku Total Polska.
Chifukwa china chaukadaulo ndikusowa kwa pulogalamu yosinthira pakompyuta yayikulu yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwamafuta / mpweya. M'nkhaniyi, ndikofunikanso kutchula zosintha zomwe sizili akatswiri, i.e. kusintha "mapu amafuta", zomwe zingayambitse kuphwanya kuchulukana, komanso kusakanikirana kwamafuta ndi mpweya wambiri. The lambda probe imagwiranso ntchito yofunikira chifukwa imayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Sensa imalankhulana mwachindunji ndi ECU (electronic control unit), yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amabayidwa malinga ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya. Kuwonongeka kwake kumatha kusokoneza kuyeza kwa magawo amiyezo yotulutsa mpweya.
Zinthu zolakwika za dongosolo loyatsira (makoyilo, ma spark plugs) ndipo, mwachitsanzo, unyolo wanthawi ndizomwe zimayambitsanso ma depositi a kaboni. Ngati atatambasulidwa, magawo a nthawi amatha kusuntha, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuyaka kumasokonekera. Choncho, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri luso, kotero injini ayenera serviced nthawi zonse. Ngakhale magalimoto atsopano, munthu sayenera kungokhala kusintha mafuta ndi zosefera. Kuwunika kokwanira komanso nthawi zonse kungachepetse chiwopsezo cha ma depositi a kaboni ndi kuwonongeka kotsatira.
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Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ma dipoziti a kaboni ndi awa: mavavu a injini, manifolds olowera ndi utsi, makina osinthika a geometry turbocharger (otchedwa "chiwongolero"), zopindika mu injini za dizilo, ma piston, ma silinda a injini, chothandizira, zosefera. , valavu ya EGR ndi mphete za pistoni. Ma injini a petulo okhala ndi jekeseni mwachindunji ndiwowopsa kwambiri. Popereka mafuta mwachindunji ku chipinda choyaka moto, mafuta samatsuka pa ma valve olowa, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha carbon deposits. Pamapeto pake, izi zingayambitse kuphwanya chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza kwa mafuta ndi mpweya, popeza mpweya wofunikira sudzaperekedwa ku chipinda choyaka moto. Kompyutayo imatha kuganizira izi mwa kusintha chiŵerengero cha mafuta / mpweya kuti zitsimikizire kuyaka koyenera, koma kumlingo wakutiwakuti.
Ubwino wa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a mwaye mu injini. Kuwonjezera pa kusintha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kabwino, i.e. Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kuthamanga kwa injini, kusintha kwamafuta pafupipafupi komanso kusamalira luso la injini mozama, kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha ma depositi a kaboni, mafuta apamwamba okha ochokera kwa opanga odalirika ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, malo omwe mafuta amatha kuipitsidwa kapena pomwe magawo ake angasiyane ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ziyenera kupewedwa.
"Mafuta abwino amakulolani kuyeretsa makina olowera, majekeseni ndi ma silinda-pistoni pamadipoziti. Zotsatira zake, zimakhala bwino ndi ma atomu komanso osakanizidwa ndi mpweya,” akuwonjezera Andrzej Gusiatinsky.
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