Chiyembekezo cha zakuthambo

Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, labotale ya Eagleworks, yomwe ili ku Lyndon B. Johnson Space Flight Center ku Houston, inatsimikizira ntchito ya injini ya EmDrive, yomwe iyenera kuphwanya limodzi mwa malamulo ofunikira a physics - lamulo la kusungirako mphamvu. Zotsatira zoyezetsazo zidatsimikiziridwa mopanda kanthu (1), zomwe zidachotsa okayikira a imodzi mwazotsutsana ndiukadaulowu.

1. Chithunzi cha mayeso a injini ya Fetti yoyimitsidwa pa pendulum mu vacuum.

Komabe, otsutsa amanenabe kuti, mosiyana ndi nkhani zofalitsa nkhani, NASA injini sichinatsimikizidwe kuti ikugwira ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, zolakwa experimental anayambitsa, makamaka, ndi evaporation zipangizo kupanga EmDrive galimoto dongosolo - kapena m'malo Cannae Drive, chifukwa ndi zimene American mlengi Guido Fetta anatcha Baibulo lake la EmDrive.

Kodi kuthamanga kumeneku kumachokera kuti?

Ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano injini zamlengalenga amafuna kuti gasi atulutsidwe pamphuno, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sitimayo idumphire kwina. Injini yomwe simafunikira mpweya woterewu kuti igwire ntchito ingakhale yopambana kwambiri.

Pakalipano, ngakhale chombocho chikanakhala ndi mwayi wopeza mphamvu zopanda malire za mphamvu za dzuwa, monga momwe zilili ma electroionic thrusters, ntchito imafunikira mafuta, omwe ali ndi malire.

EmDrive poyambirira idapangidwa ndi Roger Scheuer (2), m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino a zamlengalenga ku Europe. Anapereka kamangidwe kameneka kamene kanali ngati chidebe chooneka bwino (3).

Mapeto amodzi a resonator ndi okulirapo kuposa enawo, ndipo miyeso yake imasankhidwa m'njira yoti ipereke kumveka kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kutalika kwake.

Chotsatira chake, mafundewa, omwe akufalikira mpaka kumapeto kwakukulu, ayenera kufulumira, ndi kutsika pang'onopang'ono mpaka kumapeto kwake.

Zikuyembekezeka kuti chifukwa cha kuthamanga kosiyanasiyana, mafundewa azitha kuthamangitsa ma radiation osiyanasiyana mbali zina za resonator ndipo potero amapanga kusuntha kopanda ziro komwe kumayendetsa sitimayo.

Chabwino, Newton, tili ndi vuto! Chifukwa molingana ndi fiziki yomwe timadziwika nayo, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera, kuthamanga kulibe ufulu wokulira. Mwachidziwitso, EmDrive imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chodabwitsa cha kuthamanga kwa ma radiation. Kuthamanga kwa gulu la mafunde a electromagnetic wave, motero mphamvu yopangidwa ndi iyo, ingadalire geometry ya waveguide momwe imafalikira.

Malinga ndi lingaliro la Scheuer, ngati mupanga conical waveguide mwanjira yoti liwiro la mafunde kumalekezero amodzi limasiyana kwambiri ndi liwiro la mafunde kumapeto kwina, ndiye powonetsa mafunde awa pakati pa malekezero awiriwa, mumapeza kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa ma radiation. ,ndi. mphamvu zokwanira kukwaniritsa kukankha (4).

Malinga ndi Scheuer, EmDrive sichiphwanya malamulo a physics, koma imagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha Einstein - injiniyo ili mu mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mafunde "ogwira ntchito" mkati mwake. Pakadali pano, ma prototypes ang'onoang'ono okha a EmDrive okhala ndi mphamvu zopondereza mumtundu wa Micro-Newton adamangidwa.

Monga mukuwonera, sikuti aliyense amasiya lingaliro ili pomwe ma prototypes atsopano amapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe lalikulu lofufuza monga China Xi'an Northwest Polytechnic University lidachita zoyeserera zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale injini yofananira ndi ma micronewton 720.

Zitha kukhala zambiri, koma zina mwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zakuthambo, ion thrusters iwo sakupanga kenanso konse. Mtundu woyesedwa ndi NASA wa EmDrive ndi ntchito ya wojambula waku America Guido Fetti. Kuyesa kwa vacuum kwa pendulum kwatsimikizira kuti imakwaniritsa 30-50 micronewtons.

Kodi mfundo yotetezera mphamvu yasinthidwa? Mwina ayi. Akatswiri a NASA amafotokoza momwe injiniyo imagwirira ntchito, makamaka, kuyanjana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu ndi antimatter, zomwe zimawonongana mu vacuum ya quantum, kenako ndikuwononga. Tsopano popeza chipangizochi chawonetsedwa kuti chikugwira ntchito, zingakhale zoyenera kuphunzira momwe EmDrive imagwirira ntchito.

3. Mmodzi wa zitsanzo za injini ya EmDrive

Ndani samamvetsetsa malamulo a physics?

Mphamvu zoperekedwa ndi ma prototypes omwe adamangidwa mpaka pano sizikugwetsani pamapazi anu, ngakhale monga tafotokozera, zina mwazo ion injini amagwira ntchito mu micronewton range.

4. EmDrive - mfundo ya ntchito

Malinga ndi Scheuer, kukakamiza kwa EmDrive kumatha kukulitsidwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma superconductors.

Komabe, malinga ndi John P. Costelli, wasayansi wodziwika bwino wa ku Australia, Scheuer "samvetsetsa malamulo a fizikiki" ndipo amapanga, mwa zina, cholakwika chachikulu chifukwa sanaganizirepo munjira zake mphamvu yochitira zinthu. ndi ma radiation pamakoma a mbali ya resonator.

Kufotokozera komwe kudayikidwa patsamba la Shawyer's Satellite Propulsion Research Ltd kumati izi ndi ndalama zochepa. Komabe, otsutsa akuwonjezera kuti chiphunzitso cha Scheuer sichinasindikizidwe m'magazini yasayansi yowunikiridwa ndi anzawo.

Chinthu chokayikitsa kwambiri ndikunyalanyaza mfundo yosungira mphamvu, ngakhale Scheuer mwiniwake akunena kuti kuyendetsa galimotoyo sikuphwanya konse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mlembi wa chipangizocho sanasindikize pepala limodzi pa izo m'magazini yowunikiridwa ndi anzawo.

Zolemba zokhazo zidawonekera m'manyuzipepala otchuka, kuphatikiza. mu The New Scientist. Okonza ake adadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha kamvekedwe kake ka nkhaniyo. Patatha mwezi umodzi, nyumba yosindikizirayo inasindikiza mafotokozedwe ndi ... kupepesa chifukwa cha malemba omwe adasindikizidwa.