Kodi injini yoyaka mkati imatha bwanji?

Zikafika ku Koenigsegg, chilichonse chikuwoneka kuti chikuchokera ku pulaneti lina. Chitsanzo chatsopano cha mtundu wa Swedish wotchedwa Gemera si wosiyana ndi mapangidwe awa - chitsanzo cha GT chokhala ndi anayi okhala ndi hybrid drive, mphamvu ya 1700 hp, liwiro lapamwamba la 400 km / h ndi mathamangitsidwe mpaka 100 km / h mu 1,9. masekondi. Ngakhale ma supercars sakhala osowa kwambiri masiku ano, Gemera akadali ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Ndipo chosiyana kwambiri ndi izi ndi injini yagalimoto.

Koenigsegg amachitcha kuti Tiny Friendly Giant, kapena TNG mwachidule. Ndipo pali chifukwa - TFG ali kusamutsidwa malita awiri, masilindala atatu (!), turbocharger awiri ndi 600 HP. ku 300hp pa lita imodzi, gawoli limakwaniritsa mphamvu zazikulu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi injini yopanga. Kampaniyo imati pankhani yaukadaulo, TFG ili "patsogolo pa injini ina iliyonse yamasilinda atatu pamsika lero." Ndipotu, iwo ali mwamtheradi zolondola - wotsatira atatu yamphamvu injini ndi 268 HP ntchito Toyota mu GR Yaris.

Ukadaulo wachilendo kwambiri mu TFG ndi kachitidwe ka nthawi kopanda ma valve. M'malo mwake, injiniyo imagwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi kampani ya Koenigsegg ya Freevalve, yokhala ndi makina opangira pneumatic pa valve iliyonse.

M'malo mwake, "chimphona chochezeka" adapangira Gemera. Kampani yaku Sweden ikufuna kupanga china chake chophatikizika, chopepuka, koma champhamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro opanga magudumu asintha ndipo, mosiyana ndi mtundu wa Gegera Regera wosakanizidwa, mphamvu zambiri zimachokera kumagalimoto amagetsi. Injini yoyaka imathandizanso pakuyendetsa ndi kulipiritsa mabatire.

Iwo anaganiza zambiri asanaganize zopanga injini yamphamvu itatu ku Königsegg. Komabe, lingaliro lotere silingapangidwe mosasunthika mgalimoto yokhayokha. Komabe, kufunafuna mikhalidwe monga kuphatikizana ndi kupepuka kumapambana ndipo kumabweretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa injini zowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, osati lita imodzi yokha, komanso "silinda".

Kusintha kwa injini, komabe, kumakhala ndi masilinda akulu akulu ndipo kumveka kogwira mtima, komwe kumakhala ndi ma injini otsika kwambiri a injini zamasilinda atatu, koma opumira kwambiri. Christian von Koenigsegg, woyambitsa kampaniyo, adanena za iye: "Tangoganizani Harley, koma ndi silinda yosiyana." Ngakhale ili ndi chibowo chachikulu cha 95mm ndi stroke ya 93,5mm, TFG imakonda ma revs apamwamba. Mphamvu yake yayikulu imafika pa 7500 rpm ndipo malo ofiira a tachometer akuyamba pa 8500 rpm. Pano, alchemy imakhala ndi zipangizo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapereka kuwala (liwiro) ndi mphamvu (kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa njira yoyaka moto). Choncho, liwiro mkulu limodzi ndi makokedwe zosaneneka 600 NM.

Kuthamangitsa turbocharging

Yankho la funso la momwe ma turbocharger awiri angagwirizanitsire mu kasinthidwe ka katatu ndi cascade. Dongosolo lofananalo linagwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi cha Porsche 80 m'zaka za m'ma 959, chomwe chili ndi zofanana ngati injini ziwiri zamasilinda atatu zimadzazidwa ndi turbocharger yaying'ono komanso yayikulu. Komabe, TFG ili ndi kutanthauzira kwatsopano pankhaniyi. Iliyonse ya ma silinda a injini imakhala ndi ma valve awiri otulutsa, imodzi yomwe ili ndi udindo wodzaza turbocharger yaing'ono, ndi ina ya turbocharger yayikulu. Pa ma revs otsika ndi katundu, ma valve atatu okha omwe amadyetsa mpweya ku turbocharger yaing'ono amatsegulidwa. Pa 3000 rpm, ma valve achiwiri amayamba kutseguka, akuwongolera mpweya mu turbocharger yaikulu. Komabe, injiniyo ndi yapamwamba kwambiri moti malinga ndi magawo ake, ngakhale mu "mlengalenga" amatha kufika 280 hp. Chifukwa chake chiri muukadaulo womwewo wa valavu ya Freevalve. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe injini ya 2000 cc CM ali masilindala atatu, n'chakuti injini atatu yamphamvu kwambiri mwa mawu a turbocharging, popeza palibe damping damping mpweya pulsations, monga injini zinayi yamphamvu.

Ndipo mavavu otsegulira pneumatic

Chifukwa cha dongosolo la Freevalve, valavu iliyonse imayenda payekha. Ikhoza kutsegulidwa paokha ndi nthawi yeniyeni, kuyambira torque ndi sitiroko. Pakatundu wochepa, imodzi yokha imatsegulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino komanso kusakaniza bwino kwamafuta. Chifukwa chotha kuwongolera bwino mavavu aliwonse, palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi valavu, ndipo ma silinda aliwonse amatha kuzimitsidwa ngati kuli kofunikira (munjira zolemetsa pang'ono). Kusinthasintha kwa magwiridwe antchito kumalola TFG kuti isinthe kuchoka ku Otto wamba kupita ku Miller ndikuwonjezera ntchito komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Ndipo izi si chidwi kwambiri - mothandizidwa ndi "kuwomba" kwa mayunitsi Turbo, injini akhoza kusintha kwa mode sitiroko awiri mpaka 3000 rpm. Malinga ndi Christian von Koenigseg pa 6000 rpm munjira iyi zidzamveka ngati silinda sikisi. Komabe, pa 3000 rpm, chipangizocho chimasinthira kumayendedwe anayi chifukwa palibe nthawi yokwanira yosinthira gasi pa liwiro lalikulu.

Nzeru zamakono

Kumbali inayi, Koenigsegg akugwira ntchito ndi kampani yaku America yopanga zida zanzeru SparkCognition, yomwe imapanga mapulogalamu oyang'anira zanzeru zama injini a Freevalve monga TFG. Popita nthawi, dongosololi limaphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma valve ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera kuyaka. Dongosolo lolamulira ndi dongosolo la Freevalve limakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe voliyumu ndi kamvekedwe ka injiniyo potsegula mosiyanasiyana mavavu otulutsa. Imanenanso kuti imatha kutenthetsa injini mwachangu ndikuchepetsa mpweya. Chifukwa cha makina opanga magetsi pamagetsi otsika kwambiri, injini ya crankshaft imayenda mozungulira pafupifupi masekondi 10 (mkati mwa masekondi awiri), pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika wazipikazo kumafika madigiri 2. Pakutentha, valavu yoyamwa imayamba ndi sitiroko yaying'ono komanso kuwinduka kwa mpweya ndi mafuta kumachitika mozungulira valavu yotulutsa utsi, yomwe imathandizira kutuluka kwamadzi.

Mafuta amathandizanso kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri za injini. M'malo mwake, TFG ndi injini yamafuta amtundu wa Flex, ndiye kuti, imatha kuthamanga pamafuta ndi mowa (ethanol, butanol, methanol) ndi zosakaniza mosiyanasiyana. Mamolekyu a mowa amakhala ndi okosijeni ndipo motero amapereka zomwe zimafunikira kuwotcha gawo la hydrocarbon. Zoonadi, izi zikutanthawuza kuchuluka kwa mafuta, koma amaperekedwa mosavuta kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Kuphatikizika kwa mowa kumaperekanso njira yoyeretsera komanso zinthu zochepa zomwe zimatulutsidwa panthawi yakuyaka. Ndipo ngati ethanol imachotsedwa ku zomera, imathanso kupereka mpweya wosalowerera ndale. Pamene akuthamanga pa mafuta, mphamvu injini ndi 500 HP. Kumbukirani kuti kuwongolera kuyaka mu TFG ndikwapamwamba kwambiri kotero kuti kumatha kutulutsa pafupifupi zotheka kuchokera kumafuta popanda detonation - malo oyaka kwambiri a neuralgic pamphamvu kwambiri ya turbo. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi 9,5: 1 compression ratio komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kodzaza. Titha kungoganizira momwe mutu wa silinda umalumikizidwa ndi chipikacho, komanso mphamvu yomalizayo, chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa ntchito yoyaka moto, pamlingo wina, izi zitha kufotokozera kukhalapo kwa mawonekedwe ozungulira, ngati ndime pamamangidwe ake. .

Zachidziwikire, makina ovuta a Freevalve ndiokwera mtengo kuposa ma makina opanga ma valve, koma zida zochepa ndizogwiritsa ntchito popanga injini, yomwe imalipira mtengo komanso kulemera kwake. Chifukwa chake, mtengo waukadaulo wapamwamba wa TFG ndi theka la turbocharger yamakina asanu ndi atatu ya kampaniyo.

Galimoto yapadera ya Gemera

Magalimoto ena onse a Gemera nawonso ndi apadera komanso osangalatsa. TFG ili kuseli kwa chipinda chonyamula anthu ndipo imayendetsa chitsulo chakutsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsa yapadera yopanda gearbox koma yokhala ndi ma hydraulic clutch awiri pachitsulo chilichonse. Njirayi imatchedwa HydraCoup ndipo pamtunda winawake ma hydraulic clutch amatsekedwa ndikuyendetsedwa mwachindunji. Izi ndichifukwa choti injini yoyaka imalumikizidwanso molumikizana ndi makina opanga magetsi okhala ndi mphamvu mpaka 400 hp. mphamvu motsatana mpaka 500 Nm.

HydraCoup imatembenuza kuchuluka kwa 1100 Nm TFG ndi mota yamagetsi, kuwirikiza ma torque ku 3000 rpm. Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi ndi makokedwe amtundu uliwonse wamagetsi awiri omwe amayendetsa gudumu limodzi lakumbuyo ndi 500 hp. aliyense ndipo motero, 1000 Nm. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yonse yamakina ndi 1700 hp. Iliyonse yamagetsi yamagetsi imakhala ndi voteji ya 800 volts. Batire ya galimotoyo ndi yapadera. Ili ndi voteji ya 800 volts ndi mphamvu ya 15 kWh yokha, ili ndi mphamvu yotulutsa (yotulutsa) ya 900 kW ndi mphamvu yopangira 200 kW. Maselo ake aliwonse amayendetsedwa payekhapayekha malinga ndi kutentha, chikhalidwe, "thanzi", ndipo zonse zimaphatikizidwa mu thupi la carbon, lomwe lili pamalo otetezeka kwambiri - pansi pa mipando yakutsogolo ndi mumsewu wa carbon-aramid pagalimoto. Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti pambuyo pa mathamangitsidwe ochepa kwambiri, galimotoyo iyenera kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwa kanthawi kuti TFG iwononge batire.

Makonda onse achilendo amachokera pa nzeru za kampani yamagalimoto yapakatikati. Koenigsegg alibe malingaliro a galimoto yamagetsi yoyera komabe chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ukadaulo m'derali sukuyenda bwino ndipo umapangitsa magalimoto kukhala olemera kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa mpweya wake wa carbon dioxide, kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta oledzeretsa ndi injini yoyaka mkati.

Makina amagetsi a Gemera a 800-volt amapereka magetsi okwana 50 km / h ndi liwiro la 300 km / h. Mu mode wosakanizidwa galimoto akhoza kuyenda wina 400 Km, zomwe zikusonyeza dzuwa mwachilungamo mkulu wa dongosolo - TFG palokha amadya pafupifupi 950 peresenti zosakwana injini zamakono awiri lita. ndi kugawa gasi wosiyanasiyana. Ndipo kukhazikika kwagalimoto kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chiwongolero chakumbuyo, ma torque amagetsi kumbuyo, ndi mawotchi oyendetsa ma torque kutsogolo (pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zonyowa pamakina akutsogolo, pafupi ndi ma hydraulic converters) . Gemera motero inakhala galimoto yokhala ndi magudumu onse, chiwongolero cha mawilo anayi ndi torque vectoring. Kuphatikiza pa zonsezi ndikuwongolera kutalika kwa thupi.

Ngakhale injiniyi ndi yapadera mwachilengedwe, ikuwonetsa kuti imatha kutsogolera kupanga injini yoyaka mkati. Mkangano womwewo ukuchitika mu Fomula 1 - kusaka koyenera kumayang'ana kwambiri pamafuta opangira komanso njira ziwiri zogwirira ntchito.