Mafuta a injini - osapaka mafuta, osayendetsa

Injini yoyaka mkati ndi mtima wagalimoto. Ngakhale kusintha kosalekeza, gawo lopanda mafuta silinapangidwebe. Imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamakina ndipo yakhala yofunika kwambiri "madzimadzi" agalimoto. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha bwino ndikutsata malamulo angapo ofunikira.

Mafuta - madzi a ntchito zapadera

Mafuta a injini, kuphatikiza pa ntchito yodziwika bwino yopaka mafuta opaka wina ndi mnzake zida zamakina zili ndi ntchito zina zingapo zofunika mofanana. Imachotsa kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera kuzinthu zodzaza ndi thermally, imasindikiza chipinda choyaka pakati pa pisitoni ndi silinda, ndikuteteza zitsulo kuti zisawonongeke. Imasunganso injini yaukhondo ponyamula zinthu zoyaka ndi zonyansa zina kupita ku sefa yamafuta.

Mineral kapena synthetic?

Pakali pano, ndi kumangika kwa miyezo ya mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mafuta opangidwa pamaziko a mineral bases sangathe kupereka index yokwanira ya viscosity. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sakhala madzimadzi okwanira pa kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyambitsa injini ndikufulumizitsa kuvala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sangathe kupereka kukhuthala kokwanira pa kutentha kwa 100 - 150 ° C. "Pankhani ya injini zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mafuta amchere samapirira kutentha kwakukulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwake komanso kutsika kwambiri,” akutero a Robert Pujala ochokera ku Gulu la Motoricus SA. "Mainjini omangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX kapena makumi asanu ndi atatu azaka zapitazi safuna mafuta apamwamba kwambiri ndipo amakhutitsidwa ndi mafuta amchere," akuwonjezera Puhala.

Pakati pa malingaliro otchuka, munthu akhoza kumva malingaliro osiyanasiyana kuti n'zosatheka kudzaza injini ndi mafuta amchere ngati adagwirapo ntchito pakupanga ndi mosemphanitsa. Mwachidziwitso, palibe lamulo lotero, makamaka ngati wopanga amapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya mankhwala. Komabe, m'kuchita, madalaivala ayenera kuchenjezedwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito mafuta opangidwa apamwamba kwambiri mu injini yomwe idagwiritsidwapo kale pamafuta amchere otsika mtengo kwa ma kilomita angapo. Izi zitha kupanga kuchuluka kwa mwaye ndi matope omwe "amakhazikika" mu injini. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi kwa chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri (kuphatikiza mafuta amchere apamwamba) nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa ma depositi awa, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kutayikira kwa injini kapena kutsekeka kwa mizere yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini igwire. Kumbukirani izi makamaka pogula galimoto yakale! Ngati sitili otsimikiza ngati mwiniwake wapitawo adagwiritsa ntchito mafuta olondola ndikusintha pakapita nthawi, samalani posankha mafuta odzola kuti musapitirire.

Magulu amafuta - zolemba zovuta

Kwa madalaivala ambiri, zolembera pamabotolo amafuta agalimoto sizitanthauza chilichonse ndipo sizimvetsetseka. Ndiye momwe mungawerenge molondola ndikumvetsetsa cholinga cha mafuta?

Kugawika kwa mamasulidwe

Zimatsimikizira kuyenerera kwa chinthu chomwe chinaperekedwa kwa nyengo yeniyeni. Mu chizindikiro, mwachitsanzo: 5W40, nambala "5" pamaso pa chilembo W (yozizira) imasonyeza mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuti mafuta adzakhala pa kutentha yozungulira. Kutsika kwa mtengo wake, mafutawo amafalikira mwachangu kudzera mu injini pambuyo poyendetsa m'mawa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuvala pazinthu chifukwa cha kukangana popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Nambala "40" imasonyeza kuyenerera kwa mafutawa muzochitika zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu injini, ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa pamaziko a mayesero a labotale a kinematic viscosity pa 100 ° C ndi kukhuthala kwamphamvu pa 150 ° C. Kutsika kwa chiwerengerochi, injiniyo imathamanga mosavuta, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Komabe, mtengo wapamwamba umasonyeza kuti injiniyo ikhoza kukwezedwa kwambiri popanda chiopsezo choyimitsidwa. Kutsatira zofunikira kwambiri zachilengedwe komanso kuchepetsa kukana kuyendetsa galimoto kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta okhala ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mwachitsanzo, 0W20 (mwachitsanzo, zomwe zachitika posachedwa ku Japan).

Gulu loyenerera

Pakadali pano chodziwika kwambiri ku Europe ndi mtundu wa ACEA, womwe umalowa m'malo mwa API yazogulitsa pamsika waku US. ACEA imalongosola mafuta powagawa m'magulu anayi:

A - kwa injini zamafuta zamagalimoto ndi ma vani,

B - ya injini za dizilo zamagalimoto ndi ma minibasi (kupatula omwe ali ndi zosefera)

C - ya injini zaposachedwa kwambiri za petulo ndi dizilo zokhala ndi zosinthira zitatu.

ndi zosefera za particulate

E - kwa injini zolemera za dizilo zamagalimoto.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafuta okhala ndi magawo apadera nthawi zambiri kumatsimikiziridwa ndi miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi nkhawa zamagalimoto zomwe zimafotokozera zofunikira za mtundu wa injini yomwe wapatsidwa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafuta okhala ndi viscosity yosiyana ndi yomwe wopanga akuwonetsa kungayambitse kuchuluka kwamafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mayunitsi oyendetsedwa ndi ma hydraulically, monga ma tensioners a lamba, komanso kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo loletsa kulemedwa pang'ono kwa ma silinda (injini za HEMI) . ).

Zolowa m'malo mwazinthu

Opanga magalimoto satikakamiza mtundu wina wamafuta, koma amangolimbikitsa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti mankhwala ena adzakhala otsika kapena osayenera. Chilichonse chomwe chimakwaniritsa miyezo, chomwe chingawerengedwe m'mabuku ogwiritsira ntchito galimoto kapena m'mabuku apadera a opanga mafuta, ndizoyenera, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wake.

Kodi muyenera kusintha kangati mafuta?

Mafuta ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo ndi mileage amatha kuvala ndikutaya katundu wake woyambirira. Ndicho chifukwa chake m'malo mwake nthawi zonse ndi kofunika kwambiri. Kodi tiyenera kuchita zimenezi kangati?

Kuchuluka kwa m'malo mwa "biological fluid" wofunikira kwambiri kumatanthauzidwa ndi automaker aliyense. Miyezo yamakono ndi "yokhwima" kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa maulendo obwera kuntchito, choncho nthawi yochepetsera galimoto. "Mainjini a magalimoto ena amafunika kusinthidwa, mwachitsanzo 48 iliyonse. makilomita. Komabe, awa ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri otengera momwe magalimoto alili abwino, monga ma motorways omwe amayambira pang'ono patsiku. Kuvuta kwa magalimoto, fumbi lambiri kapena mtunda waufupi mumzindawu zimafunikira kuchepetsedwa kwa macheke ndi 50%," akutero Robert Puchala.

kuchokera ku gulu la Motoricus SA

Ma automakers ambiri ayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zosintha mafuta a injini, pomwe nthawi yosinthira imawerengedwa motengera zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti avale bwino. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mafuta amafuta. Kumbukirani kusintha fyuluta nthawi iliyonse mukasintha mafuta.