Mphamvu ndi torque komanso magwiridwe antchito agalimoto
Mphamvu ndi torque ndi magawo awiri akulu omwe amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito a injini. Izinso ndizofunika zomwe makamaka zimayang'anira mawonekedwe agalimoto. Kodi zimakhudza bwanji mathamangitsidwe ndi zinthu zina ziti zagalimoto zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu?
Kodi torque ndi mphamvu ndi chiyani?
Nthawi yosinthira ndi mphamvu ya injini kuyaka mkati. Kukwera kwa torque, ndikosavuta kugonjetsa kukana konse komwe kumachitika pamene galimoto ikuyenda.
Engine mphamvu ndi ntchito yomwe injini ingachite mu nthawi yoperekedwa. Mphamvu yamphamvu yokha imadalira torque ndi liwiro la injini.
Torque ndi kusinthasintha kwa mota
Kukwera kwa torque, m'pamenenso injiniyo imayenera kukana kukana komwe kumachitika pakuyenda. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndi liwiro la liwiro lomwe ma torque ambiri amapezeka. Injini ndi yosinthika kwambiri pankhaniyi.
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Chochitika choyenera chingakhale kuti torque yayikulu ikhale yosasunthika pa liwiro lonse la injini. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi Porsche Cayenne S, amene amasunga makokedwe pazipita 550 Nm pakati 1350 ndi 4500 rpm. Kuyendetsa galimoto yoteroyo, pafupifupi jekeseni iliyonse ya gasi, mudzamva momwe galimotoyo imathamangira kutsogolo.
Ma injini amafuta a Turbocharged amagalimoto odziwika amakhalanso ndi torque yawo yayikulu koyambirira. Izi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri poyendetsa galimoto kuzungulira mzindawo, chifukwa zimakulolani kusuntha mwamphamvu komanso mopanda mphamvu kuchokera pansi pa nyali. Ma injini a dizilo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Chitsanzo ndi Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDi. 170 hp mtundu akupanga makokedwe 350 Nm mu osiyanasiyana 1800-2500 rpm. Aliyense amene amayendetsa magalimoto ndi turbodiesel amadziwa kuti mtundu uwu wa galimoto "amakoka" kuchokera ku revs otsika, ndipo pambuyo pa mlingo wina - kawirikawiri 3800-4200 rpm, amataya mphamvu, osati pafupi ndi munda wofiira pa tachometer.
Chosiyana ndi chosiyana ndi masewera a masewera ndi masewera, monga galimoto, choncho injini, zimapangidwira kuti zizithamanga kwambiri. Makokedwe awo pazipita ayenera kukhala chapamwamba rev osiyanasiyana, amene amalola injini imathandizira bwino ndi kulabadira kwambiri poyendetsa sporty. Iyi ndi mbali ina ya kuyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku, monga poyambira kapena kupitirira, muyenera kugwedeza injini mothamanga kwambiri. Chitsanzo cha galimoto wosanyengerera ndi Honda S2000 - pamaso pa facelift, mwachibadwa ankafuna 2.0 VTEC injini anayamba 207 Nm pa 7500 rpm.
Kuchokera pamtengo wapatali wa mphamvu ndi torque ndi liwiro lomwe amapeza, munthu akhoza kupeza mfundo zoyambirira za makhalidwe a injini ngakhale galimoto. Timatsindika, komabe, kuti si injini yokha yomwe imakhudza mphamvu. Kodi mathamangitsidwe amadaliranso chiyani?
Gearbox - kuphatikiza pakupanga kosiyana, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana magiya okha. Kutumiza kwachiŵerengero chautali kudzakuthandizani kusangalala ndi liwiro la injini yotsika poyendetsa pamsewu kapena pamsewu waukulu, zomwe zimachepetsa phokoso ndi mafuta koma zimachepetsa mphamvu. Komano, bokosi la gear lalifupi, limapereka mathamangitsidwe abwino ndipo limalola injini kuti ifike mofulumira kwambiri ndi jekeseni iliyonse ya gasi. Sizodabwitsa kuti kufalitsa kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ochitira misonkhano. Panopa, 8-, 9- ndipo ngakhale 10-liwiro gearboxes zilipo, zonse zazifupi ndi zazitali. Imaphatikiza mitundu yonse iwiri ya magiya, kubweretsa mathamangitsidwe amphamvu m'magiya otsika komanso kuyendetsa bwino komanso kopanda ndalama pa liwiro lapamwamba pamagiya apamwamba kwambiri.
Kutumiza - poyambira ndi kuthamanga, kulemera kwa galimoto kumasamutsidwa kwakanthawi kumbuyo. Pachifukwa ichi, mawilo akutsogolo amataya mphamvu zawo zamakina ndipo mawilo akumbuyo amapeza. Zopindulitsa zazikulu muzochitika izi zimalandiridwa ndi magalimoto omwe amayendetsa kumbuyo. Choncho, magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo ndi magalimoto onse amatha kuthamanga mofulumira. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha kulemera kowonjezera ndi zigawo zina za drivetrain, amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti ayendetse galimotoyo, yomwe imakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi mphamvu pa liwiro lalikulu.
Matayala ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pankhani ya kuthamanga kwa galimoto, komanso khalidwe la galimoto yonse. Amalumikiza galimotoyo pansi. Pamene matayala akugwira mwamphamvu kwambiri, m'pamenenso galimotoyo imayankha bwino pa gasi ndi mabuleki. Kuphatikiza pa kupondaponda ndi mawonekedwe a matayala, kukula kwa magudumu ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Tayala laling'ono limakhala losasunthika pang'ono komanso malo ang'onoang'ono olumikizana ndi phula. Kupanda kutero, tayala lalitali limapangitsa kuyenda bwino, kulola mwayi wofikira phula ndikuchepetsa kupota kwa magudumu, zomwe zimatilola kusangalala ndi kukwera kwamphamvu.
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Kulemera kwa galimoto - aliyense amene anapita pa ulendo ndi yathunthu ya okwera ndi katundu anaphunzira za chikoka chake pa mphamvu. Pafupifupi galimoto iliyonse, kuwonjezera ma kilogalamu mazana angapo kudzachepetsa mphamvu ndi mphamvu.
Aerodynamics ndi gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamitundu yamakono. Izi zinapangitsa kuti asunge mafuta komanso kuchepetsa phokoso m'nyumbamo. Magalimoto okhala ndi matupi owongolera amakhala othamanga kwambiri komanso amathamanga kwambiri. Chitsanzo ndi Mercedes CLA, amene, chifukwa cha otsika kukokera koyefishienti 0,26, kufika 156 Km/h mu Baibulo CLA 200 ndi 230 HP.
