Azondi padziko lonse lapansi - mayiko ochulukirachulukira akugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira nzika

Asayansi aku China apanga luntha lochita kupanga pamakamera okhala ndi ma megapixels 500 (1). Imatha kugwira anthu masauzande ambiri nthawi imodzi, monga m'bwalo lamasewera, mwatsatanetsatane, kenako imapanga zidziwitso za nkhope zosungidwa mumtambo ndikupeza nthawi yomweyo chandamale chomwe chatchulidwa, munthu yemwe akufuna.

Makina a kamera adapangidwa ku Fudan University ku Shanghai ndi Changchun Institute, likulu la chigawo chakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Jilin. Izi ndizovuta kangapo kusintha kwa diso la munthu pa ma pixel a 120 miliyoni. Pepala lofalitsidwa pankhaniyi likunena kuti imatha kupanga mafilimu pamlingo wofanana ndi zithunzi chifukwa cha masanjidwe awiri apadera opangidwa ndi gulu limodzi.

1. Kamera yaku China 500 megapixel

Ngakhale mwalamulo izi, ndithudi, kupambana kwina kwa sayansi ndi luso lachi China, mawu anamveka mu Ufumu Wakumwamba womwewo kuti. Citizen Tracking System ndi "zangwiro mokwanira" ndipo sizikusowa kuwongolera kwina. Iye anati, mwa zina

Wang Peiji, Ph.D., School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, wotchulidwa mu Global Times. Malinga ndi iye, kupanga dongosolo latsopano kuyenera kukhala kokwera mtengo ndipo sikungabweretse phindu lalikulu. Makamera amathanso kusokoneza zinsinsi, Wang adawonjezera, chifukwa amatumiza zithunzi zodziwika bwino kuchokera patali kwambiri.

Sindikuganiza kuti muyenera kutsimikizira aliyense kuti China dziko anaziika (2). Monga momwe nyuzipepala ya Chingelezi yotchedwa South China Morning Post inanenera ku Hong Kong, akuluakulu a dzikolo akugwiritsabe ntchito umisiri watsopano pofuna kulamulira nzika zawo.

Ndikokwanira kungotchula biometrics pozindikiritsa okwera mu subway ya Beijing magalasi anzeru ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi kapena njira zina zambiri zowunikira ngati gawo la dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa bwino la kukakamizidwa kwa boma kwa nzika, motsogozedwa ndi kachitidwe ka ngongole za anthu.

2. Mbendera ya ku China yokhala ndi chizindikiro cha kuyang'anitsitsa chilengedwe chonse

Komabe, njira zina zowonera anthu aku China ndizodabwitsabe. Kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, mwachitsanzo, asilikali oposa makumi atatu ndi mabungwe aboma akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ma drones apadera omwe amafanana ndi mbalame zamoyo. Akuti akuwuluka mlengalenga m'zigawo zosachepera zisanu mkati mwake pulogalamu yotchedwa "Njiwa"motsogozedwa ndi Prof. Song Bifeng waku Xi'an Polytechnic University3).

Drones amatha kutengera mapiko akupiza ngakhale kukwera, kudumpha ndikuthamanga ndikuwuluka ngati mbalame zenizeni. Mtundu uliwonse woterewu uli ndi kamera yokwera kwambiri, mlongoti wa GPS, kayendedwe ka ndege ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi satellite.

Kulemera kwa drone ndi pafupifupi 200 magalamu, ndipo mapiko ake ndi pafupifupi mamita 0,5. Imakhala ndi liwiro la 40 km / h. ndipo imatha kuwuluka mosaima kwa theka la ola. Mayesero oyambirira amasonyeza kuti "njiwa" ndi pafupifupi osadziwika ndi mbalame wamba ndipo amalola akuluakulu kuyang'anira pamlingo waukulu kwambiri kuposa kale, kukonza khalidwe la nzika pafupifupi chilichonse.

3 Drone kazitape waku China

Ma demokalase nawonso ali ndi chidwi ndi ukazitape

China ikadali mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse paukadaulo wozindikira nkhope komanso matekinoloje ena omwe akubwera. Sikuti amagwiritsa ntchito zochepa chabe, koma makampani osiyanasiyana aku China, ochokera ku Huawei Technologies Co. koposa zonse, amatumiza kunja luso la akazitape padziko lonse lapansi. Awa ndi malingaliro a Carnegie Endowment for International Peace mu lipoti lofalitsidwa mu Seputembala chaka chino.

Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, Ogulitsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi matekinoloje opangira nzeru zaukazitape ndi Huawei, kampani yaku China ya Hikvision ndi Japan NECCorp. ndi American IBM (4). Mayiko osachepera makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu, kuchokera ku United States kupita ku Brazil, Germany, India ndi Singapore, akugwiritsa ntchito njira zazikulu zopangira nzeru zamakono kuti aziyang'anira nzika. (5).

4. Amene amagulitsa ukadaulo wa akazitape

5. Kupita patsogolo kwa ukazitape padziko lonse lapansi

Huawei ndiye mtsogoleri pantchito iyi, akupereka ukadaulo wamtunduwu kumayiko makumi asanu. Poyerekeza, IBM inagulitsa njira zake m'mayiko khumi ndi limodzi, kupereka, mwa zina, zomwe zimatchedwa teknoloji () yowunikira ma agglomerations ndi kusanthula deta.

Mlembi wina dzina lake Steven Feldstein, pulofesa, ananena kuti: “China ikutumiza ukadaulo wowunika kumayiko ademokalase komanso kumayiko opondereza. Boise State University.

Ntchito yake imakhudza zambiri kuchokera ku 2017-2019 pazigawo, mizinda, maboma, komanso malo omwe amakhala ngati ma eyapoti. Zimatengera mayiko 64 komwe mabungwe aboma adapeza ukadaulo wozindikira nkhope pogwiritsa ntchito makamera ndi nkhokwe zazithunzi, mayiko 56 komwe matekinoloje anzeru amizinda monga masensa ndi ma scanner amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amasonkhanitsa zidziwitso zomwe zawunikidwa m'malo olamula, ndi mayiko 53 komwe akuluakulu aboma amagwiritsa ntchito "apolisi aluntha. ". machitidwe omwe amasanthula deta ndikuyesera kulosera zam'tsogolo zaupandu potengera izo.

Komabe, lipotili likulephera kusiyanitsa pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kovomerezeka kwa kuyang'anitsitsa kwa AI, milandu yomwe imaphwanya ufulu waumunthu, ndi milandu yomwe Feldstein amatcha "nebulous intermediate zone."

Chitsanzo cha kusamveka bwino chikhoza kudziwika padziko lapansi Ntchito ndi mzinda wanzeru pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Canada ku Toronto. Ndi mzinda wodzaza ndi masensa opangidwa kuti azithandiza anthu ammudzi chifukwa adapangidwa kuti "athetse chilichonse" kuyambira kuchulukana kwamagalimoto kupita kuumoyo, nyumba, madera, kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, Quayside yafotokozedwa ngati "dystopia yachinsinsi" (6).

6. Google's Big Brother Eye ku Toronto Quayside

Zosamveka izi, mwachitsanzo, mapulojekiti opangidwa ndi zolinga zabwino, zomwe, komabe, zingayambitse kuukira kwachinsinsi kwa anthu okhalamo, tikulembanso m'nkhani ino ya MT, kufotokoza ntchito za mzinda wanzeru waku Poland.

Anthu okhala ku UK adazolowera kale makamera mazanamazana. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti apolisi ali ndi njira zina zowonera mayendedwe a nzika. Mamiliyoni makumi ambiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito ku London mapu a mzindazomwe zimatchedwa "oyster" ().

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi mabiliyoni chaka chilichonse, ndipo zomwe amasonkhanitsa zimakhala zosangalatsa kwa osunga malamulo. Pa avareji, a Metropolitan Police Service amapempha deta kuchokera ku kasamalidwe ka makhadi kambirimbiri pachaka. Malinga ndi The Guardian, kale mu 2011, kampani yoyendera mzinda idalandira zopempha 6258 za data, mpaka 15% kuchokera chaka chatha.

Deta yopangidwa ndi mamapu amzindawu, kuphatikiza ma data a geolocation yama cell, imakupatsani mwayi wopanga mbiri zamakhalidwe a anthu ndikutsimikizira kupezeka kwawo pamalo enaake komanso nthawi inayake. Ndi makamera owonera paliponse, zimakhala zosatheka kuzungulira mzindawo popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi mabungwe azamalamulo.

Lipoti lochokera ku Carnegie Endowment for International Peace likuwonetsa kuti 51% ya demokalase imagwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira za AI. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti amagwiritsira ntchito machitidwewa molakwika, mwina mpaka pamene izi zili chizolowezi. Komabe, kafukufukuyu amatchula zitsanzo zingapo zomwe ufulu wa anthu umakhudzidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayankho otere.

Kafukufuku wa 2016 adawulula, mwachitsanzo, kuti apolisi aku US ku Baltimore adatumiza mwachinsinsi ma drones kuti aziyang'anira okhala mumzinda. Pasanathe maola khumi makina otere athawe zithunzi zinajambulidwa sekondi iliyonse. Apolisi adayikanso makamera ozindikira nkhope kuti aziyang'anira ndikumanga ziwonetsero panthawi ya zipolowe za 2018.

Makampani ambiri amaperekanso mwaukadaulo wapamwamba Zida zowunikira malire a US-Mexico. Monga momwe The Guardian idanenera mu June 2018, nsanja zammalire zomwe zili ndi zida zotere zimatha kuzindikira anthu omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita 12. Kuyika kwina kwamtunduwu kumakhala ndi makamera a laser, radar ndi njira yolumikizirana yomwe imayang'ana utali wa 3,5 km kuti izindikire kuyenda.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa zimawunikidwa ndi AI kuti alekanitse ma silhouette a anthu ndi zinthu zina zosuntha kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Sizikudziwika ngati njira zowunikira zoterezi zimakhalabe zovomerezeka kapena zofunikira.

A French Marseille akutsogolera ntchitoyi. Ndi pulogalamu yochepetsera umbanda kudzera pagulu lalikulu loyang'anira anthu lomwe lili ndi malo anzeru komanso makamera anzeru a CCTV pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi. Pofika 2020, chiwerengerochi chidzawirikiza kawiri.

Otsogolera otsogola aukadaulo aku China awa amaperekanso zida zawo ndi ma aligorivimu kumayiko aku Western. Mu 2017, Huawei adapereka njira yowunikira mzinda wa Valenciennes kumpoto kwa France kuti awonetse zomwe zimatchedwa. otetezeka mzinda chitsanzo. Ndi njira yokwezera mavidiyo owoneka bwino komanso malo olamulira anzeru okhala ndi ma aligorivimu kuti azindikire mayendedwe achilendo komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu mumsewu.

Komabe, chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi momwe zimawonekera ...

… Chitchaina chowunikira ukadaulo chimatumiza kumayiko osauka

Kodi dziko lotukuka silingakwanitse kuchita zimenezi? Palibe vuto. Ogulitsa aku China nthawi zambiri amapereka katundu wawo m'mitolo yokhala ndi "zabwino".

Izi zimagwira ntchito bwino m'maiko omwe ali ndi zida zaukadaulo zosatukuka, kuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, Kenya, Laos, Mongolia, Uganda, ndi Uzbekistan, komwe aboma sakanakwanitsa kukhazikitsa njira zotere.

Ku Ecuador, makamera amphamvu amatumiza zithunzi kumaofesi opitilira khumi ndi awiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito anthu opitilira XNUMX. Pokhala ndi zokometsera, apolisi amawongolera makamera ndikuyang'ana m'misewu kuti apeze ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ziwawa ndi kupha anthu. Akawona kanthu, amachulukitsa (7).

7. Monitoring Center ku Ecuador

Njirayi, ndithudi, imachokera ku China, imatchedwa ECU-911 ndipo idapangidwa ndi makampani awiri aku China: CEIEC aboma ndi Huawei. Ku Ecuador, makamera a ECU-911 akulendewera pamitengo ndi padenga, kuchokera kuzilumba za Galapagos kupita kunkhalango ya Amazon. Dongosololi limalolanso olamulira kuti azitsata mafoni ndipo posachedwa azitha kuzindikira nkhope.

Zotsatirazi zimalola apolisi kuwonanso ndikukonzanso zochitika zakale. Zofananira za netiweki iyi zidagulitsidwanso ku Venezuela, Bolivia ndi Angola. Dongosololi, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku Ecuador koyambirira kwa 2011, ndi mtundu wa pulogalamu yowongolera makompyuta yomwe Beijing idawonongapo mabiliyoni a madola. Kubadwa kwake koyamba kunali njira yowunikira yomwe idapangidwa ku China pazosowa Masewera a Olimpiki ku Beijing m'chaka cha 2008

Ngakhale kuti boma la Ecuador limalumbirira kuti ndi za chitetezo ndi kulamulira kwaumbanda, ndipo makamera amangopereka zithunzi kwa apolisi, kafukufuku wa atolankhani wa New York Times anapeza kuti matepiwo amathera mu National Intelligence Agency, yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi Purezidenti wakale Rafael Correa, kuzunza, kuwopseza komanso kuchitira nkhanza otsutsa boma.

Masiku ano, pafupifupi mayiko makumi awiri, kuphatikizapo Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Kenya, United Arab Emirates, ndi Germany, amagwiritsa ntchito Made in China smart monitoring systems. M'tsogolomu, angapo a iwo akuphunzitsidwa ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwawo kukuganiziridwa. Otsutsa akuchenjeza kuti ndi kuwunika kwa China komanso luso lazinthu zomwe zafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, tsogolo lapadziko lonse lapansi likuwoneka lodzaza ndi utsogoleri woyendetsedwa ndiukadaulo komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwachinsinsi. Ukadaulo umenewu, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa kuti chitetezo cha anthu, uli ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ngati zida zopondereza ndale.

akutero Adrian Shahbaz, wotsogolera kafukufuku ku Freedom House.

ECU-911 idadziwitsidwa kwa anthu aku Ecuador monga njira yothanirana ndi kuphana kokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso umbanda waung'ono. Malinga ndi olimbikitsa zachinsinsi, chododometsa ndi chakuti ECU-911 siigwira ntchito konse poletsa zigawenga, ngakhale kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosololi kumagwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa ziwawa.

Anthu aku Ecuador amatchula zitsanzo zambiri zakuba ndi zinthu zina zosaloledwa zomwe zidachitika kutsogolo kwamakamera popanda kuchitapo kanthu ndi apolisi. Ngakhale izi, mukakumana ndi chisankho pakati pazinsinsi ndi chitetezo, anthu aku Ecuador ambiri amasankha kuyang'anira.

Zokhumba za Beijing zimapitilira zomwe zagulitsidwa m'maikowa. Masiku ano, apolisi ku China akutola zithunzi kuchokera pamakamera mamiliyoni ambiri komanso mabiliyoni ambiri okhudza maulendo a nzika, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, komanso zochitika zachuma kuti aziwunika. Mndandanda wa omwe angakhale zigawenga komanso omwe angatsutsane ndi ndale ku China akuphatikiza kale anthu 20 mpaka 30 miliyoni.

Monga momwe lipoti la Carnegie Endowment likunenera, kuyang'anitsitsa sikuyenera kukhala zotsatira za maboma okonzeka kupondereza nzika zawo. Ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri poletsa uchigawenga ndikuthandiza akuluakulu a boma kuti azitsatira zoopsa zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ukadaulo wadzetsanso njira zatsopano zowonera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti metadata ichuluke, kaya ndi imelo, chizindikiritso cha malo, kutsatira ukonde, kapena zochitika zina.

Zolinga zaulamuliro wa demokalase ku Europe kutengera machitidwe aulamuliro kuchokera ku AI (kuwongolera kusamuka, kutsatira ziwopsezo zauchigawenga) zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zifukwa zoyendetsera machitidwe ku Egypt kapena Kazakhstan (kutsata otsutsa, kupondereza magulu otsutsa, ndi zina). koma zida zomwezo zimakhalabe zofanana kwambiri. Kusiyana kwa kutanthauzira ndi kuunika kwa zochitazi kumachokera ku lingaliro lakuti utsogoleri wa demokarasi ndi "zabwino" komanso zopanda demokalase ndi "zoipa."