Zowongolera zapakati - njira yosavuta yoyendetsera bwino ma 4 × 4 magudumu onse

The zowalamulira kuti amapereka zida kusuntha si yekha mu kufala galimoto. Kuphatikizika kumapezekanso mumayendedwe a 4x4, komwe amakhala ndi gawo losiyana pang'ono.

Mukamayendetsa ma curve, mawilo agalimoto amapambana mtunda wosiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala ndi liwiro losiyanasiyana. Ngati aliyense wa iwo azungulira paokha, kusiyana kwa liwiro sikukanakhala kanthu. Koma mawilo amatsekedwa wina ndi mzake m’njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pamafunika njira zolipirira kusiyana kwa liwirolo. Kusiyanitsa kumodzi ndi drive pa axle imodzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati tikukamba za 4 × 4 pagalimoto, ndiye kuti masiyanidwe awiri amafunikira (pa chitsulo chilichonse), ndi kusiyana kwapakati kuti athe kubwezera kusiyana kwa kasinthasintha pakati pa ma axles.

Zowona, magalimoto ena oyendetsa magudumu awiri alibe kusiyanitsa pakati (monga magalimoto onyamula kapena ma SUV osavuta monga Suzuki Jimny), koma izi zimabwera ndi malire. Pachifukwa ichi, magudumu anayi amatha kuchitidwa pamtunda wotayirira kapena misewu yotsekedwa kwathunthu ndi matalala kapena ayezi. M'mayankho amakono, kusiyana kwapakati ndi "kovomerezeka", ndipo nthawi zambiri zingwe zamagulu ambiri zimakwaniritsa udindo wake. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa m'njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo amakulolani kuti mulumikize mwachangu kuyendetsa kwa chitsulo chachiwiri (m'matembenuzidwe omwe ali ndi machitidwe oyambitsa) ndikuwongolera kugawa kwagalimoto, kutengera kapangidwe kake.

Lumikiza zolimba

Uwu ndiye mtundu wosavuta komanso wotchipa kwambiri wa clutch wamitundu yambiri, chifukwa ulibe zinthu zoyambitsa ndikuwongolera. Ma clutch discs, omwe ndi zinthu zokangana, amayikidwa mosinthana pazitsulo za pulayimale ndi zachiwiri ndipo zimatha kulowera ku axial. Seti imodzi ya ma disks imazungulira ndi cholowera (drive) shaft, popeza imalumikizidwa nayo mozungulira mkati mwa splines zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ma splines a shaft. Seti yachiwiri ya ma discs okangana imayikidwa pa shaft yachiwiri, yomwe pamalo pano ili ndi mawonekedwe a "chikho" chachikulu chokhala ndi mipata ya ma splines a ma clutch disc omwe ali pambali pawo akunja. Seti ya friction discs yatsekedwa m'nyumba. Umu ndi momwe clutch iliyonse yamagulu ambiri imakonzedwera, kusiyana kuli mu clutch actuation and control systems, i.e. mu njira zomangirira ndi kumasula ma clutch disc. Pankhani ya kugwirizana kwa viscous, thupi limadzazidwa ndi mafuta apadera a silicone, omwe amawonjezera kachulukidwe kake ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Ma shaft onse awiri, pamodzi ndi ma clutch discs omwe amaikidwa pa iwo, komanso ma axle agalimoto omwe amalumikizana nawo, amatha kuzungulira popanda wina ndi mnzake. Galimoto ikamayenda bwino, popanda kutsetsereka, ma shaft onse amazungulira pa liwiro lomwelo ndipo palibe chomwe chimachitika. Mkhalidwewo uli ngati kuti ma shaft awiriwo anali ogwirizana mosalekeza, ndipo mafutawo ankasunga mamasukidwe ofanana nthawi zonse.

Akonzi amalimbikitsa:

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Komabe, ngati shaft ya cardan, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi chitsulo choyendetsedwa, imayamba kusinthasintha mofulumira chifukwa cha kutsetsereka, kutentha kwa clutch kumakwera ndipo mafuta amakula. Chotsatira cha izi ndi "kumamatira" kwa ma clutch discs, nsonga za ma axles ndi kusamutsidwa kwa galimoto ku mawilo omwe sali oyendetsa bwino. Clutch ya viscous sifunikira makina otsegulira chifukwa ma clutch discs amangogwira ntchito. Komabe, izi zimachitika ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu, komwe ndiko kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mtundu uwu wa clutch. Chinthu china chofooka ndi kufalikira kwa gawo lokha la torque. Mafuta mu clutch, ngakhale atakhuthala, amakhalabe amadzimadzi ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala kutsetsereka pakati pa ma disc.

Onaninso: Hyundai i30 pamayeso athu

Tikukulimbikitsani: Volvo XC60 yatsopano

hydraulic clutch

Chitsanzo cha hydraulic multiplate clutch ndiye mtundu woyamba wa Haldex clutch, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu magalimoto a Volkswagen ndi Volvo. Kusiyanitsa kwa liwiro pakati pa zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwamafuta mu gawo la hydraulic la clutch. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kumapangitsa kuti pisitoni isunthe, yomwe imakanikiza ma clutch discs kudzera mu mbale yapadera yokakamiza. Kuchuluka kwa torque komwe kungaperekedwe ku shaft yotulutsa kumadalira kuthamanga kwamafuta. Kuthamanga kwa ma clutch discs kumayendetsedwa ndi wolamulira wamagetsi ndi ma valve opanikizika. Dongosolo lowongolera lili ndi zinthu zambiri: sensa clutch, sensor kutentha kwa clutch, clutch actuator, controller injini, ABS ndi ESP system controller, injini liwiro sensa, gudumu liwiro sensa, mpweya pedal udindo sensa, longitudinal mathamangitsidwe sensa, chizindikiro choyimitsa ". sensa, sensa yachiwiri ya brake, pampu yowonjezera yamafuta ndi sensa yotumiza zodziwikiratu ngati zitangosinthidwa zokha. 

Electro-hydraulic clutch

Mu mtundu uwu wa clutch, palibe chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa liwiro pakati pa zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa kuti mupeze mphamvu yamafuta yofunikira kuti mupanikizike ma clutch disc. Kupanikizika kumapangidwa ndi pampu yamafuta yamagetsi, yomwe imathandizira kwambiri ma hydraulic system. Ma torque omwe amaperekedwa ku shaft yotulutsa amazindikiridwa ndi valavu yowongolera ma degree a clutch, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi wowongolera clutch. Pampu yamafuta yamagetsi imawonjezera liwiro la clutch chifukwa imatha kupanga mafuta okwanira nthawi yomweyo. Dongosolo lowongolera limatengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizika ndi madzimadzi. Mapangidwe apakati a clutch amapezeka makamaka m'magalimoto a Volkswagen, Ford ndi Volvo.