Malo apadziko lonse lapansi
SERGEY Krikalov ankatchedwa "Nzika yomaliza ya USSR" chifukwa 1991-1992 anakhala masiku 311, maola 20 ndi mphindi 1 m'ngalawa Mir mlengalenga. Anabwerera kudziko lapansi pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union. Kuyambira pamenepo, wakhala ku International Space Station kawiri. Chinthu ichi (International Space Station, ISS) ndiye malo oyamba opangidwa ndi anthu opangidwa ndi nthumwi za mayiko ambiri.
Malo apadziko lonse lapansi ndi chifukwa cha osakaniza ntchito kulenga Russian siteshoni Mir-2, American Ufulu ndi European Columbus, zinthu zoyamba amene anapezerapo mu kanjira dziko lapansi mu 1998, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri anaonekera gulu loyamba okhazikika. Zida, anthu, zipangizo zofufuzira ndi zipangizo zimaperekedwa ku siteshoni ndi Russian Soyuz ndi Progress spacecraft, komanso ma shuttles aku America.
Mu 2011 kwa nthawi yomaliza ma shuttles amawulukira ku ISS. Sanawulukenso kumeneko kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu pambuyo pa ngozi ya shuttle ya Columbia. Anthu aku America adafunanso kusiya kupereka ndalama zothandizira ntchitoyi kuyambira zaka zitatu. Purezidenti watsopano (B. Obama) adasintha zisankho za yemwe adakhalapo kale ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pofika 3 International Space Station idalandira ndalama zaku US.
Pakali pano ili ndi ma modules akuluakulu a 14 (potsirizira pake padzakhala 16) ndipo amalola mamembala asanu ndi limodzi okhazikika kukhalapo nthawi imodzi (atatu mpaka 2009). Imayendetsedwa ndi mapanelo adzuwa omwe ndi akulu mokwanira (owonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa) kotero kuti amawonekera kuchokera ku Dziko Lapansi ngati chinthu choyenda mlengalenga (pa perigee pa 100% kuunikira) ndi kuwala kofikira -5,1 [1] kapena - 5,9 [2] kukula.
Oyamba okhazikika anali: William Shepherd, Yuri Gidzenko ndi Sergei Krikalov. Iwo anali pa ISS kwa masiku 136 maola 18 mphindi 41.
Shepherd adalembetsa ngati astronaut wa NASA mu 1984. Maphunziro ake am'mbuyomu a Navy SEAL adakhala othandiza kwambiri kwa NASA pa 1986 Challenger shuttle rescue mission. William Shepherd adatenga nawo gawo ngati katswiri pamishoni zitatu za shuttle: mishoni ya STS-27 mu 1988, mishoni ya STS-41 mu 1990, ndi mishoni ya STS-52 mu 1992. Mu 1993, Shepherd adasankhidwa kuti aziyendetsa International Space Station (ISS). Pulogalamu). Onse pamodzi, anakhala masiku 159 mumlengalenga.
SERGEY Konstantinovich Krikalov kawiri mu okhazikika okhazikika pa siteshoni Mir, komanso kawiri mu okhazikika okhazikika pa siteshoni ISS. Anatenga nawo gawo pa maulendo a ndege a ku America katatu. Kasanu ndi katatu adapita mumlengalenga. Iye ali ndi mbiri ya nthawi yonse yomwe yakhala mumlengalenga. Ponseponse, adakhala masiku 803 maola 9 mphindi 39 mumlengalenga.
Yuri Pavlov Gidzenko poyamba anawulukira mu mlengalenga mu 1995. Paulendowu, adatuluka kawiri kawiri. Ponseponse, adakhala maola a 3 ndi mphindi 43 kunja kwa ngalawayo. Mu May 2002, adawulukira mumlengalenga kachitatu komanso kachiwiri ku MSC. Okwana, iye anali mu danga kwa masiku 320 1 ora 20 mphindi 39 masekondi.
