Njira ndi njira zopangira mafuta

Zinthu zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zotentha zikawotchedwa komanso zopangira mafakitale ofunikira ambiri zimatchedwa mafuta. Kuchokera ngati zimapezedwa chifukwa cha kukonzedwa, kapena mwachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, zimagawidwa kukhala zopangira komanso zachilengedwe.

Kukwaniritsa zosowa za chem yamakono. mafakitale ndi magawo ena a ntchito, kukonza mafuta ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ubwino wamafuta opezeka ndi mafuta ndi zida zina zimadalira. Chotsatira chake, munthu amalandira zipangizo zofunika kwambiri za hydrocarbon, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana a chuma cha dziko. Awa ndi mafuta a dizilo (chilimwe ndi chisanu), petulo, palafini ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali.

Chifukwa cha njira zovuta, anthu adalandira mafuta amtengo wapatali ndi mafuta

Njira zopangira mafuta malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira

Kuti zitheke, ndi chizolowezi kugawa mitundu yonse, yachilengedwe komanso yopangira: molingana ndi momwe akuphatikizana. Iwo:

• Zolimba.
• Madzi.
• Zamafuta.

Chifukwa cha mayendedwe ake osavuta komanso otsika mtengo kudzera pa mapaipi, gasi akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mafuta otenthetsera malo komanso m'mafakitale.

Mutha kusankha mafuta abwino pazosowa zanu zomwe zingakupatseni mphamvu komanso kutengera kutentha. 

Gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi

Njira zopangira mafuta amadzimadzi 

Mafuta ndi maziko a mphamvu, mafuta, 80-85% yopangidwa ndi zovuta za carbon. Kuchokera 10 mpaka 14% amawerengedwa ndi haidrojeni, ena onse ndi zonyansa zolimba. Ndiwo kukonza mafuta kukhala mafuta a dizilo, mafuta a petulo ndi zinthu zina zoyaka zomwe ndi bizinesi yomwe imapatsa anthu mafuta ofunikira komanso mafuta ofunikira.

Isanayambe kukonzedwa, imatumizidwa kwa olekanitsa apadera, kumene zonyansa zimalekanitsidwa ndi mpweya ndi mafuta. Njirazi zimachitika popanikiza mipweya ndi kuzizira kwawo kotsatira. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti mupeze mafuta amafuta mu mawonekedwe ake amadzimadzi.

Palinso njira ina: gasi amayendetsedwa ndi mafuta adzuwa, ndipo mafuta amathiridwa mosavuta. Pa gawo lotsatira, mpweya ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kale, ndipo umatumizidwa ku siteshoni ya compressor. Gasi akachotsedwa, mafuta amatsuka m'madzi, mchere, dongo, mchenga, ndi zina.

Kuti makampani alandire zinthu zoyenga mafuta - mafuta a dizilo, mafuta ndi zinthu zina, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1.Zakuthupi (distillation). Izi zikugawika mu tizigawo (zigawo). Izi zimachitika mu magawo awiri: mafuta a injini amachotsedwa pansi pa kupanikizika. Umu ndi momwe mafuta amafuta amachotsera, kenako amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa vacuum ndi kukhazikitsa kwapadera. Mwa njira iyi, ndizotheka kupeza 2 mpaka 10% ya petulo kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira.

Distillation imafunikira zida zapadera: kukhazikitsa mumlengalenga kapena mumlengalenga-vacuum. Amakhala ndi ng'anjo ya chubu, zosinthira kutentha, mapampu, zofananira. zipangizo. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mafuta amatenthedwa, ndipo, otentha, amasanduka gasi, ndipo, kulekanitsa, amapita mmwamba, ndipo mafuta amafuta amatsika.

2.Zamapangidwe (pyrolysis, kupasuka, etc.). Njira zoterezi zikuchulukirachulukira, popeza zimapanga zinthu zabwino, komanso zochulukirapo. Kuphwanya ndi njira yamankhwala komanso yotentha yolekanitsa mamolekyu olemera a hydrocarbon. Zotsatira zake, mankhwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kochepa kwa maselo amapezeka. Njirayi imapereka mpaka 70% ya petulo kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira.

Pakati pa zotuluka pakuyenga mafuta, pali magulu atatu akulu:

• Mafuta (boiler, jet ndi mota).
• Mafuta opangira mafuta (mafuta ndi mafuta).
• Zina (phula, parafini, zidulo, mafuta odzola, pulasitiki, etc.).

Tsopano kukonza mafuta mu mafuta dizilo n'kofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa ntchito yachibadwa mabizinesi ambiri. Mafuta a dizilo amagwiritsidwa ntchito panjanji, msewu, zoyendera zankhondo. Mafuta a dizilo ndi chinthu chotsika mtengo chotenthetsera, ma jenereta owonjezera mafuta ndi ma mini boilers. Masiku ano, mafuta a dizilo apamwamba akufunika kwambiri pakati pa anthu.

Zogulitsa mafuta ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana azachuma cha dziko 

Njira zazikulu zopangira mafuta olimba

Peat, anthracite, lignite ndi malasha olimba amakumana ndi njira zambiri. Kukonza mafuta olimba ndikusintha kosasinthika pa kutentha kwambiri, komwe amawola kukhala zotsalira zolimba, gasi ndi madzi. Pali njira zinayi: zowononga hydrogenation, kuphika, theka-kuphika ndi gasification.

Asanatumize malasha kuti aphike, amasanjidwa, kuphwanyidwa, kuwonjezeredwa ndi kutaya madzi. Njirayi imachitika mu uvuni wa coke kwa maola 13-14. Mpweya wopezedwa motere uli ndi zinthu zingapo zamtengo wapatali: benzene, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, etc. Panthawi yokonza, zinyalala zopanga ndi zinyalala zimatenthedwa mu ng'anjo. Zotsatira zake ndi: resins, gasi, coke ndi theka-coke, slag yomwe ili ndi minsol, m'malo mwamafuta amafuta, kuphatikiza palafini, mafuta a dizilo, mafuta, etc. 

Kusintha kwa miyala yolimba kumabweretsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakampani

Kukonzekera kwapamwamba kwa mafuta a dizilo kuchokera ku zomera zabwino kwambiri

Kupanga mafuta a dizilo ndi njira yovuta yomwe imatha kuchitidwa ndi makina opangira mafuta ambiri potsatira magawo onse aukadaulo. Kuti mupeze mafuta a dizilo apamwamba kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuwongolera magawo onse. Kukonza mafuta a dizilo kumakhala ndi magawo atatu:

• Poyambirira processing.
• yachiwiri processing.
• Kusakaniza zigawo.

Zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zimawonjezedwa kuti zipititse patsogolo khalidwe ndi ogula mafuta a dizilo.

N'zovuta kusankha mafuta osiyanasiyana pawekha. Mutha kupempha thandizo kwa oyang'anira LLC TK "AMOKS". Kampani yamafuta iyi yakhala ikugwira ntchito pamsika kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Wogwira ntchito wathu adzakuthandizani kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri kwa inu, kuwerengera mtengo wamafuta, kufotokozerani zolipirira ndi kutumiza. Timapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri pamitengo yabwino. Lumikizanani nafe pompano, tidzakhala okondwa kugwirizana!

Kutumiza kwanthawi yake kwamafuta a dizilo, petulo, mafuta ndi mafuta opaka mu voliyumu iliyonse

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