MEKO® - chisinthiko chikupitilira
Chisinthiko cha Deutsche Marine frigates chikugwirizananso ndi chitukuko cha luso la zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimadziwika kuti MEKO. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mibadwo itatu ya zombo za kalasiyi zikugwira ntchito pansi pa mbendera ya Germany. Pachiyambi ndi chitsanzo cha mndandanda wa F123, Brandenburg, wotsatiridwa ndi Baden-Württemberg, woyamba wa F125 waposachedwa wamtundu wa frigates wamtundu wa Sachsen, womwe unakhazikitsidwanso ndi mtundu wa 124. machitidwe olimbana nawo ogwirizana ndi zosowa za kasitomala, komanso mapangidwe olimbikitsidwa, kuphatikizapo. zingwe zomwe zimaumitsa chikopacho.
Njira yopezera zombo zankhondo zamakono ndizovuta ndipo sizimatha ndi kugula mayunitsi omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo ndiukadaulo wa woyendetsa. Ndikofunikiranso kuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokhazikika, zapamwamba komanso kupezeka pazaka zonse za moyo wawo wazaka 30. Tsoka ilo, pankhani ya Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la ku Poland, titha kuganiza kuti zikhala zazitali. Chikondwerero chamakono cha zaka 40 za kutumizidwa kwa zombo ndi pafupifupi muyezo, ndipo ntchito ya zombo za zaka 50 pansi pa mbendera yoyera ndi yofiira sikudabwitsanso aliyense. Komanso, ngati pulogalamu ya sitima yapamadzi yoteteza m'mphepete mwa nyanja, yotchedwa "Swordsman", ikamalizidwa, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mofanana ndi mbali yaukadaulo ya pempholi.
Kuyambira pachiyambi, pulogalamu ya Swordsman inali ndi zopinga zina. Zakhala zapakatikati ndikuyambiranso. Malinga ndi zomwe zidalandiridwa kuchokera ku Armaments Inspectorate of the Ministry of National Defense (ID), kumapeto kwa Julayi chaka chino, ntchito yowunikira komanso yolingalira yomwe idachitika pansi pa pulogalamu ya Swordsman ili kumapeto kwake. Popeza zofunikira zaukadaulo ndiukadaulo ndizolemba zamagulu, sitikudziwa kuti ndi magawo ati omwe tikukamba, makamaka popeza gulu la "pulasitiki" lomwe amapatsidwa limaperekedwa m'mawu osavuta, omwe sapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kudziwa kukula kwawo. ndi momwe dongosolo lawo lankhondo liyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Pakalipano, IU ikufotokoza kuti zombo za Swordsman zidzakhala zigawo zamitundu yambiri zomwe zimapezedwa potengera momwe Wothandizira angathe kuchita ntchito zazikulu za sitima yapamadzi yotetezera nyanja, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala kusamuka kwawo ndi kugawidwa. Chifukwa chake, sikulakwa kunena kuti "ntchito zoyambira" zitha kuwonetsa gawo la makalasi a Corvette-Fregat.
M'malo mwake, zikuwoneka ngati pachithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsa kusonkhana kwa gawo la zida (apa Mk 49 woyambitsa dongosolo la RAM) pa F124 frigate.
Pogula zombo zodula komanso zovuta mwaukadaulo, pali mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira. Makhalidwe awo aukadaulo, kukhulupilika (kuwerenga - zokumana nazo) kwa wopanga ndi kontrakitala, phukusi la maphunziro ndi mayendedwe, komanso kupereka mgwirizano wamafakitale ngati mgwirizano ndi mnzake wakunja udzakhala wofunikira. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti frigates zamakono zikanamangidwa ku Poland popanda chithandizo choterocho. Koma si zokhazo.
Muyeneranso kudzifunsa nokha: momwe mungapangire zombo zamtengo wapatali mabiliyoni a zloty zamakono ndikukumana ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zikubwera mdera la zokonda za gulu lankhondo laku Poland panthawi yonse yazaka makumi angapo akugwira ntchito? Kuti athetse vutoli, komanso kuti frigate yomwe idagulidwa lero ikhalebe yothandiza m'tsogolomu, iyenera kusinthidwa zaka 10-15 zilizonse, ndipo machitidwe ake a IT amasinthidwa nthawi zambiri. Izi ndichifukwa cha ndalama, komanso kuchepa kwakanthawi kwa kukonzekera kwa zombo kuti zigwire ntchito. Opanga awo amazindikira vutoli, ndipo imodzi mwa njira zotsogola kwambiri komanso zotsimikiziridwa zapangidwa ndi omanga zombo za ku Germany akugwira thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (tkMS). Tikulankhula za lingaliro la MEKO, lomwe limatsimikizira kusinthika kwa kapangidwe ka sitimayo popanda kusokoneza kupulumuka kwake pankhondo ndi kuwotcha moto.
MEKO - modular mapangidwe
Kuphatikizika kosiyanasiyana kwa MEKO (MEhrzweck-KOmbination) kudapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 70 pamalo osungiramo zombo za Blohm + Voss ku Hamburg. Lingaliro la kapangidwe kameneka laphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka zombo kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwanthawi zonse mu malo a geopolitical Arena komwe kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a zombo pazaka 30 zautumiki. Kusintha komwe kungatheke kwa zida ndi zida, kapena kukweza komwe kumasinthira kuthekera kwa zombo m'moyo wawo wonse kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zatsopano, zitha kukonzedwa ngati gawo la nthawi yokonzanso yomwe imaganiziridwa kuyambira pachiyambi, kupewa zosintha zina, zazitali pakati pawo. ntchito kuzungulira.
Sitima yoyamba yomangidwa molingana ndi lingaliro ili inali Aradu MEKO 360H1 frigate ya Nigeria. Ntchito yomanga inayamba mu December 1978, ndipo inayamba kugwira ntchito mu February 1982. Blohm + Voss anamanga ngalawa yautali wa mamita 126 ndi kusamutsidwa kwa matani 3360. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, dziko la Argentina linaitanitsa mayunitsi anayi ofanana a MEKO 360H2, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi olemekezeka. owononga omwe anamangidwa pamalo omwewo zombo. Powatsatira, Armada de la República Argentina adaitanitsa ma corvettes ena asanu ndi limodzi a MEKO 140A16 (matani 1790, 91,2 m), koma kupanga kwawo kunali kutayamba kale ku Argentina. Izi zikutsimikizira kuthekera kosinthira lingaliro la MEKO kumagulu osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa zombo, komanso luso la tkMS pakusamutsa ukadaulo. Mu 1987, chitsanzo cha MEKO 200TN frigate, sitima yapamadzi ya MEKO yachiwiri komanso yoyamba yopangira zombo za NATO, inakweza mbendera ya Turkey. Banja la MEKO 200 linali lopambana. Ma frigates okwana 25 m'mitundu ingapo adayenda pansi pa mbendera za mayiko asanu (Turkey, Portugal, Greece, Australia ndi New Zealand). Pakati pawo pali m'badwo wachitatu wa MEKO - frigates ku Australia ndi New Zealand, yomwe idzakhala yoyamba ya banja ili kuphatikizidwa ndi Lockheed Martin Mk 41 VLS oyambitsa zolinga zambiri. M'badwo wachinayi, womwe umatchedwa MEKO A-200.
(A - Advanced), yodziwika ndi kamangidwe kamakono ka IT, kawonekedwe kakang'ono (stealth) ndi kugawikana kwamkati kukhala zipinda zodzipangira mphamvu. Mtunduwu udalandiridwanso mwachangu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kuyambira magawo anayi a Series I omangidwa ku South Africa (A-200SAN) omwe adayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2006-2007, mpaka magawo awiri a Series II omwe adamangidwa ku People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (A-200SAN). 2016AN). ), pamndandanda kuyambira 2017-2022, ndi zombo zinayi za Batch III zolamulidwa ndi Arab Republic of Egypt, zonyamula zikuyembekezeka kuyamba mu XNUMX.
Ndikoyeneranso kutsindika kuti ma frigates amitundu ya F123, F124 ndi F125 ndi ma corvettes a K130 omwe amapangidwira Deutsche Marine, ngakhale alibe dzina la MEKO (dzina lotanthauza ntchito zotumiza kunja), adamangidwanso pamaziko a izi. lingaliro, pokhudzana ndi nsanja komanso zokhudzana ndi machitidwe omenyera nkhondo.
Lingaliro la MEKO lakhazikitsidwa pa nsanja yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitsidwe ndi kuthekera kosintha makina, zida ndi makina apakompyuta monga ma module okhazikika. Zida zothamangitsira njira zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi mapangidwe opangidwa ndi bolted (BERPS, Bolted Equipment Removal Panels) kapena welded (WERPS, Welded Equipment Removal Panels) amalola kukwera ndi kugwetsa zida zazikulu ndi ma module popanda kusokoneza kapangidwe ka sitimayo. Kuphatikizika kwa zida zopanga modular kumapangitsa kukweza kwa moyo wonse kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira komanso zosintha za mishoni zomwe sizikudziwika kapena kufotokozedwa bwino panthawi yopanga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofunikira za lingaliro la MEKO ndi malingaliro omwe amasinthidwa koma osati ndi (okonzekera koma osakhazikitsidwa) ndi malo ndi kulemera (malo ndi kulemera). Amalola magulu ankhondo ankhondo kuti akhazikitse machitidwe okhawo omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa iwo kuyambira pachiyambi, ndiyeno mosavuta, mwachangu komanso mosasintha ndikukhazikitsa zida zankhondo panthawi yamoyo wa sitimayo, popanda zovuta zamapangidwe komanso nthawi yayitali.
