Makina othamanga ndi zamagetsi. Chipangizo ndi mfundo ya ntchito

Sizodabwitsa kuti speedometer ili pamalo otchuka kwambiri pa bolodi la galimoto. Kupatula apo, chipangizochi chikuwonetsa momwe mukuyendetsa mwachangu, ndikukulolani kuti muzitha kutsata malire ovomerezeka, omwe amakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo chamsewu. Tisaiwale za matikiti othamanga, omwe amatha kupewedwa ngati mumayang'ana pa Speedometer nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'misewu yakumidzi mothandizidwa ndi chipangizochi, mutha kupulumutsa mafuta ngati mukhalabe ndi liwiro labwino lomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumakhala kochepa.

Makina opimitsira liwiro anapangidwa zaka XNUMX zapitazo ndipo akugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto masiku ano. Sensor apa nthawi zambiri imakhala giya yomwe imalumikizana ndi zida zapadera pa shaft yachiwiri. M'magalimoto oyendetsa kutsogolo, sensa imatha kupezeka pamtunda wa magudumu oyendetsa, komanso m'magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu onse, muzotengera.



Monga chizindikiro cha liwiro (6) pa dashboard, chipangizo cholozera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera mfundo ya kulowetsa maginito.

Kutumiza kwa kasinthasintha kuchokera ku sensa (1) kupita ku chizindikiro cha liwiro (kwenikweni speedometer) kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito shaft yosinthika (chingwe) (2) kuchokera ku ulusi wambiri wopindika wachitsulo wokhala ndi nsonga ya tetrahedral kumapeto onse awiri. Chingwechi chimazungulira momasuka mozungulira mozungulira muzitsulo zapadera zoteteza pulasitiki.

The actuator imakhala ndi maginito okhazikika (3), yomwe imayikidwa pa chingwe choyendetsa ndikuzungulira nayo, ndi aluminiyamu yamphamvu kapena disk (4), yomwe ili pamtunda umene singano ya speedometer imakhazikika. Chophimba chachitsulo chimateteza kapangidwe kake ku zotsatira za maginito akunja, zomwe zingasokoneze kuwerenga kwa chipangizocho.

Kuzungulira kwa maginito kumapangitsa mafunde a eddy muzinthu zopanda maginito (aluminium). Kulumikizana ndi mphamvu ya maginito ya maginito ozungulira kumapangitsa kuti diski ya aluminiyamu izunguliranso. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa kasupe wobwerera (5) kumapangitsa kuti diski, komanso muvi wa pointer, imangozungulira pang'ono molingana ndi liwiro lagalimoto.

Panthawi ina, opanga ena anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za tepi ndi ng'oma pamakina othamanga, koma sizinali zophweka, ndipo pamapeto pake zinasiyidwa.



Ngakhale kuphweka komanso mtundu wamakina othamanga omwe ali ndi shaft yosinthika ngati galimoto, mapangidwe awa nthawi zambiri amapereka cholakwika chachikulu, ndipo chingwecho ndichomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ma Speedometer amawongoleredwa pang'onopang'ono akukhala chinthu chakale, kutengera zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

The electromechanical speedometer imagwiritsanso ntchito shaft yosinthika, koma maginito othamanga a maginito mu chipangizocho amakonzedwa mosiyana. M'malo mwa silinda ya aluminiyamu, inductor imayikidwa pano, momwe magetsi amapangidwira mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa maginito. Kukwera kwa liwiro la kuzungulira kwa maginito okhazikika, kukulirakulira komwe kumadutsa pa koyilo. Pointer milliammeter imalumikizidwa ndi ma coil terminals, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha liwiro. Chipangizo choterocho chimakulolani kuti muwonjezere kulondola kwa kuwerenga poyerekeza ndi speedometer yamakina.

Mu liwiro lamagetsi lamagetsi, palibe kulumikizana kwamakina pakati pa sensa yothamanga ndi chipangizo chomwe chili mu dashboard.

Chigawo chothamanga kwambiri cha chipangizocho chimakhala ndi makina amagetsi omwe amayendetsa chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimalandiridwa kuchokera ku sensa yothamanga kudzera mu mawaya ndikutulutsa mphamvu yofananira ndi kutulutsa kwake. Mpweya uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dial milliammeter, yomwe imakhala ngati chizindikiro cha liwiro. Pazida zamakono kwambiri, stepper ICE imayang'anira cholozera.

Monga sensor yothamanga, zida zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimapanga chizindikiro chamagetsi. Chipangizo choterocho chikhoza kukhala, mwachitsanzo, pulse inductive sensor kapena optical pair (light emitting diode + phototransistor), momwe mapangidwe amadzimadzi amapezeka chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kulankhulana kwa kuwala panthawi yozungulira disk slotted yomwe imayikidwa pamtengo.

Koma, mwina, ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito liwiro masensa, mfundo ntchito zachokera zotsatira Hall. Ngati muyika kondakitala momwe mphamvu yachindunji imayendera mu gawo la maginito, ndiye kuti pali kusiyana kosinthika komwe kumachitika. Pamene mphamvu ya maginito imasintha, kukula kwa kusiyana komwe kungakhalepo kumasinthanso. Ngati diski yoyendetsa yokhala ndi kagawo kapena ledge imazungulira mugawo la maginito, ndiye kuti timapeza kusintha kosinthika pakusiyana komwe kungatheke. Kuchuluka kwa ma pulses kudzakhala kolingana ndi liwiro la kuzungulira kwa master disk.



Kuwonetsa liwiro m'malo mwa pointer Zimachitika kuti chiwonetsero cha digito chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, manambala osintha nthawi zonse pa Speedometer Set amawazindikira woyendetsa kuposa kuyenda kosalala kwa muvi. Ngati mulowetsa kuchedwa, ndiye kuti liwiro lanthawi yomweyo silingawonetsedwe molondola, makamaka pakuthamanga kapena kutsika. Chifukwa chake, zolozera za analogi zikadalipobe mu ma Speedometer.

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwamakampani opanga magalimoto, ambiri amawona kuti kulondola kwa kuwerenga kwa Speedometer sikuli kokwera kwambiri. Ndipo ichi si chipatso cha kutengeka maganizo kwa madalaivala payekha. Cholakwika chaching'ono chimayikidwa mwadala ndi opanga kale popanga zida. Komanso, cholakwika ichi nthawi zonse mu njira yaikulu, kuti achotse zinthu pamene, mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuwerenga speedometer adzakhala otsika kuposa liwiro zotheka galimoto. Izi zimachitika kuti dalaivala asapitirire mwangozi liwiro, motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zolakwika pa chipangizocho. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonetsetsa chitetezo, opanga nawonso amatsata zofuna zawo - amafuna kuti asatengere milandu kuchokera kwa madalaivala osakondwa omwe adalandira chindapusa kapena kuchita ngozi chifukwa chowerengera zabodza.

Kulakwitsa kwa speedometers, monga lamulo, sikuli mzere. Ili pafupi ndi ziro pafupifupi 60 km / h ndipo imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndi liwiro. Pa liwiro la 200 Km / h, cholakwika akhoza kufika 10 peresenti.

Zinthu zina zimakhudzanso kulondola kwa kuwerenga, monga zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi masensa othamanga. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamakina othamanga, momwe magiya amatha pang'onopang'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, eni ake a magalimotowo amabweretsa cholakwika chowonjezera pakuyika kukula kwake komwe kumasiyana ndi dzina. Chowonadi ndi chakuti sensa imawerengera kusintha kwa shaft ya gearbox, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mawilo. Koma ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa tayala, galimotoyo idzayenda mtunda waufupi pakuzungulira kumodzi kwa gudumu kusiyana ndi matayala a kukula kwake. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti speedometer idzawonetsa liwiro lomwe liri ndi 2 ... 3 peresenti poyerekeza ndi zotheka. Kuyendetsa ndi matayala opanda mpweya kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana. Kuyika matayala okhala ndi mainchesi okulirapo, m'malo mwake, kupangitsa kuti kuwerengedwerako kukhale kocheperako.

Cholakwikacho chingakhale chosavomerezeka ngati, m'malo mokhazikika, muyika chojambulira chothamanga chomwe sichinapangidwe kuti chigwire ntchito pamagalimoto awa. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati pakufunika kusintha chipangizo cholakwika.

Odometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza mtunda womwe wayenda. Siyenera kusokonezedwa ndi speedometer. Ndipotu, izi ndi zida ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa muzochitika imodzi. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti zipangizo zonse, monga lamulo, zimagwiritsa ntchito sensa imodzi.

Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito shaft yosinthika ngati kuyendetsa, kufalikira kwa kuzungulira kwa shaft yolowera kwa odometer kumachitika kudzera mu bokosi la gear lomwe lili ndi gawo lalikulu la zida - kuyambira 600 mpaka 1700. Poyamba, zida za nyongolotsi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito magiya okhala ndi manambala ozungulira. Mu ma odometer amakono a analogi, kuzungulira kwa mawilo kumayendetsedwa ndi ma stepper motors.



Kuchulukirachulukira, mutha kupeza zida zomwe ma mileage agalimoto amawonetsedwa pazithunzi zamadzimadzi. Pankhaniyi, chidziwitso cha mtunda woyenda chimapangidwanso mu gawo lowongolera injini, ndipo zimachitika kuti mu kiyi yamagetsi yagalimoto. Mukakhazikitsa odometer ya digito mwadongosolo, chinyengo chimatha kudziwika mosavuta kudzera muzowunikira zamakompyuta.

Ngati pali mavuto ndi speedometer, palibe vuto lomwe liyenera kunyalanyazidwa, liyenera kukonzedwa mwamsanga. Ndi zachitetezo chanu komanso cha anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito msewu. Ndipo ngati chifukwa chagona mu sensa yolakwika, ndiye kuti mavuto angabwerenso, chifukwa injini yoyang'anira injini idzayendetsa ntchito ya unit pogwiritsa ntchito deta yolakwika.