Mawotchi opangira mawotchi. Kodi ndi chiyani

Popanga magalimoto, akatswiri amaganizira osati kungoyambitsa luso lamakono, maonekedwe amakono ndi chitetezo choyamba. Masiku ano, injini zoyatsira mkati zamagalimoto zimayesa kuchita zochepa ndikupeza bwino. Kuyambitsa makina opangira ma supercharger ndi imodzi mwa njirazo - "kufinyira" kwambiri, ngakhale kuchokera ku injini yaying'ono ya 3-silinda.

Kodi makina a compressor ndi chiyani, momwe amapangidwira ndikugwira ntchito, ubwino ndi zovuta zake ndi zotani - tiyeni tikambirane izi pambuyo pake.

Kodi makina owonjezera amagetsi ndi chiyani

Chowotchera makina ndi chida chomwe chimakakamiza mpweya kuti uchepetse mphamvu ya mafuta. Kompresa lotengeka ndi kasinthasintha wa pulley crankshaft ndi, monga ulamuliro, chipangizo kudzera kudzera lamba. Kukakamizidwa kwa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi kumapereka mphamvu zowonjezera 30-50% zamagetsi omwe adavoteledwa (popanda kompresa).

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina opanikizika

Mosasamala mtundu wa kapangidwe kake, owombetsa onse adapangidwa kuti apondereze mpweya. The kompresa galimoto ikuyamba kuthamanga galimoto ikangoyamba. Chovalacho, kudzera pa pulley, chimafikitsa torque kupita ku kompresa, ndikuti, potembenuza masamba kapena ma rotor, imapondereza mpweya wolowetsa, umawumiriza mwamphamvu muzitsulo zama injini. Mwa njira, liwiro la compressor limakhala lokwera kwambiri kuposa liwiro la injini yoyaka yamkati. Kupsyinjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi kompresa kumatha kukhala kwamkati (kopangidwa mu unit palokha) ndi kunja (kukakamizidwa kumapangidwa mu mzere wotulutsa).

Mawotchi pressurization chipangizo

Makina oyendetsa oyendetsa amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• molunjika kompresa;
• valavu fulumizitsa;
• kulambalala valavu ndi damper;
• mpweya fyuluta;
• kuthamanga mita;
• chojambulira cha kutentha kwamlengalenga;

Mwa njira, kwa ma compressor omwe kuthamanga kwawo sikudutsa 0,5 bar, kuyika kwa intercooler sikofunikira - ndikokwanira kukonza njira yozizirira yokhazikika ndikupereka cholowera chozizira pamapangidwe.

Mphepo yamkuntho imayang'aniridwa ndi kupumira. Injini ikangodikirira, pamakhala kuthekera kopanikizika pakudya, komwe posachedwa kumabweretsa vuto la kompresa, chifukwa chake kulambalala damper kumaperekedwa apa. Ena mwa mlengalengawa amabwerera ku kompresa.

Ngati makinawo ali ndi intercooler, ndiye kuti kupanikizika kwa mpweya kumakhala kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutentha kwake ndi madigiri 10-15. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, kumapangitsa kuti kuyaka kuchitike bwino, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha detonation zimachotsedwa, injini idzagwira ntchito mokhazikika. 

Mitundu yamagalimoto osindikizira

Kwa zaka makumi angapo akugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina, opanga magalimoto akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyendetsa, monga:

• kuyendetsa molunjika - molunjika kuchokera ku chinkhoswe cholimba ndi crankshaft flange;
• lamba. Mtundu wofala kwambiri. Mikanda yotsekedwa, malamba osalala ndi malamba okhala ndi ribbed atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyendetsa kumadziwika ndi kuvala lamba mwachangu, komanso mwayi woterera, makamaka pa injini yozizira;
• unyolo - wofanana ndi lamba, koma ali ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwa phokoso;
• zida - palinso phokoso lambiri komanso miyeso yayikulu yamapangidwe.

Kompresa Centrifugal

Mitundu yama makina opanga makina

Mtundu uliwonse wamawombankhanga uli ndi katundu wogwira ntchito, ndipo pali mitundu itatu ya iwo:

• centrifugal kompresa. Mtundu wofala kwambiri, womwe umawoneka wofanana kwambiri ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa turbocharger (nkhono). Imagwiritsa ntchito chowongolera, liwiro lozungulira lomwe limafikira 60 rpm. Mpweya umalowa m'chigawo chapakati cha kompresa pa liwiro lalitali komanso kutsika kwapansi, ndipo potuluka chithunzicho chimasinthidwa - mpweya umaperekedwa kwa ma silinda pa kuthamanga kwambiri, koma pa liwiro lotsika. M'magalimoto amakono, mtundu uwu wa supercharger umagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi turbocharger kupewa turbo lag. Pakuthamanga kotsika komanso kwakanthawi, "nkhono" yoyendetsa galimoto idzapereka mpweya wokhazikika;
• screw. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndi zomangira ziwiri za conical (zopangira) zomwe zimayikidwa mofanana. Mpweya, kulowa mu kompresa, choyamba kudutsa gawo lonse, ndiye wothinikizidwa chifukwa kasinthasintha zomangira ziwiri kuti kutembenukira mkati. Amayikidwa makamaka pamagalimoto okwera mtengo, ndipo mtengo wa kompresa wokhawokha ndi wokulirapo - zovuta za kapangidwe kake komanso magwiridwe antchito;
• cam (Mizu). Ndi imodzi mwamagetsi oyamba oyamba omwe amaikidwa pama injini zamagalimoto. Mizu ndi ma rotors okhala ndi mbiri yovuta. Pogwira ntchito, mpweya umayenda pakati pa makamu ndi khoma la nyumba, potero amalimbitsa. Chosavuta chachikulu ndikupanga kukakamizidwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsira zamagetsi zowongolera kompresa, kapena valavu yolambalala.

Wononga kompresa

Makina opanga makina amatha kupezeka pagalimoto kuchokera kwa opanga odziwika bwino: Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Cadillac ndi ena. Amayikidwa pama mota othamanga kwambiri, kapena mgalimoto yaying'ono moyandikana ndi chopangira mphamvu zoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamagesi.

Kompresa Mizu

Ubwino ndi zovuta zadongosolo lamagetsi lalikulu

Pazovuta zake:

• kuyendetsa kompresa pogwiritsa ntchito crankshaft, potero chowonjezeracho chimachotsa gawo lamphamvu, ngakhale chimakwaniritsa izi;
• phokoso lokwera, makamaka pamayendedwe apakatikati komanso othamanga;
• pa kuthamanga mwadzina la bar oposa 5, m'pofunika kusintha kapangidwe ka injini (kukhazikitsa pisitoni wamphamvu ndi ndodo polumikiza, kuchepetsa chiŵerengero psinjika ndi khola wandiweyani yamphamvu mutu gasket, kukwera intercooler);
• Kusakhala bwino kwa ma compressor osasunthika a centrifugal.

Pazoyenera:

• makokedwe okhazikika kale osagwira;
• kuthekera koyendetsa galimoto popanda kufunika kopeza liwiro la injini kuposa pafupifupi;
• khola ntchito liwilo;
• poyerekeza ndi turbocharger, owomberapo ndi otchipa komanso osavuta kusamalira, ndipo palibe chifukwa chokonzanso dongosolo lamafuta kuti lipereke mafuta ku kompresa.

Mafunso ndi Mayankho:

Kodi chowulutsira makina chimagwira ntchito bwanji? Pali diffuser m'nyumba ya blower. Pamene choyikapochi chikuzungulira, mpweya umakokedwa ndikuwuloza ku cholumikizira. Kuchokera pamenepo, imalowa m'mimba yomwe imadya mpweyawu.

Kodi cholinga cha supercharger yamakina ndi chiyani ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji? Makinawa amapanikiza gasi popanda kuziziritsa. Malingana ndi mtundu wa supercharger (mapangidwe a makina omwe amasonkhanitsa gasi), amatha kupanga mphamvu ya mpweya pamwamba pa 15 kPa.

Kodi blowers ndi chiyani? Ma supercharger ambiri ndi centrifugal. Palinso screw, cam ndi rotary piston. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe ake a ntchito ndi mavuto analengedwa.