Maloto oyendetsa ndege

Kuwonongeka kwa galimoto yowuluka yoyendetsedwa ndi Stefan Klein wa kampani ya ku Slovakia ya AeroMobil, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito yopanga mtundu uwu kwa zaka zingapo, inachititsa kuti aliyense amene anali atawonapo kale magalimoto akugwedezeka pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ayikenso masomphenya awo. Kwa lotsatira.

Klein, pamtunda wa mamita 300, adatha kuyambitsa ndondomeko yabwino ya parachute yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku chidebe chapadera. Izi zidapulumutsa moyo wake - pa ngoziyo adavulala pang'ono. Komabe, kampaniyo ikutsimikizira kuti kuyesa makinawo kupitilirabe, ngakhale sizikudziwika nthawi yomwe ma prototypes otsatirawa adzaganiziridwa kuti ndi okonzeka kuwuluka mumlengalenga wabwinobwino.

Kodi zodabwitsa zoulukazi zili kuti?

Mu gawo lachiwiri la makanema otchuka a Back to the Future, omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2015, tidawona magalimoto akuthamanga mumsewu waukulu wam'mlengalenga. Masomphenya a makina owuluka akhala ofala m'mitu ina yopeka ya sayansi, kuyambira The Jetsons mpaka The Fifth Element. Zinakhalanso chimodzi mwazinthu zokhalitsa zamtsogolo zazaka za zana la XNUMX, kufikira zaka zana zikubwerazi.

Ndipo tsopano popeza tsogolo lafika, tili ndi zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi matekinoloje ambiri omwe sitinkayembekezera m'mbuyomu. Ndiye mukufunsa - magalimoto owuluka awa ali kuti?!

Ndipotu, takhala tikutha kupanga magalimoto oyendetsa ndege kwa nthawi yaitali. Chitsanzo choyamba cha galimoto imeneyi analengedwa mu 1947. Anali Airphibian yopangidwa ndi woyambitsa Robert Edison Fulton.

mpweya phoebe kupanga

Kwa zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, panalibe kusowa kwa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mayesero otsatila. Nkhawa ya Ford inali kugwira ntchito pa magalimoto owuluka, ndipo Chrysler ankagwira ntchito pa jeep yowuluka ya asilikali. Aerocar, yomangidwa ndi Moulton Taylor m'zaka za m'ma 60, inali yotchuka kwambiri ndi Ford kotero kuti kampaniyo inatsala pang'ono kuigulitsa. Komabe, ma prototypes oyamba adangomangidwanso ndege zokhala ndi ma module okwera omwe amatha kutsekedwa ndikumangirizidwa ku fuselage. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri ayamba kuwoneka, monga AeroMobil omwe tawatchulawa. Komabe, ngati vuto linali ndi luso luso ndi chuma cha makina palokha, ndiye mwina tikanakhala ndi zouluka motorization kwa nthawi yaitali. Mphuno ili mu wina. Posachedwapa, Elon Musk analankhula mwachindunji. Mwachidziwitso, adanena kuti "zingakhale zabwino kukhala ndi magalimoto akuyenda m'magawo atatu", koma "chiwopsezo cha kugwa pamutu pa munthu ndi chachikulu kwambiri."

Palibe chovuta pa izi - chopinga chachikulu pamayendedwe amlengalenga ndikuganizira zachitetezo. Ngati pali miyandamiyanda ya ngozi ndi kufa kwaunyinji mumayendedwe amitundu iwiri, kuwonjezera pa gawo lachitatu kumawoneka ngati kopanda nzeru kunena pang'ono.

50m ndikwanira kutera

Slovak AeroMobil, imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zamagalimoto owuluka, yakhala ikugwira ntchito makamaka pankhani yaukadaulo kwazaka zambiri. Mu 2013, Juraj Vakulik, mmodzi wa oimira kampani amene anapanga galimoto ndi kupanga prototypes ake, ananena kuti choyamba "wogula" buku la galimoto kugunda msika mu 2016. Tsoka ilo, ngozi itachitika, sipadzakhalanso. pamene kuli kotheka, koma polojekiti idakali patsogolo pa malingaliro omwe angathe.

Pali zopinga zambiri zamalamulo zomwe muyenera kuthana nazo potsata malamulo oyendetsera ndege, mayendedwe apamtunda, ndi zina zambiri. Palinso zovuta zazikulu zaukadaulo. Kumbali imodzi, Airmobile iyenera kukhala yopepuka kuti mawonekedwewo azitha kukwera mlengalenga, komano, ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo chanyumba zomwe zikuyenda pamsewu. Ndipo zida zolimba komanso zopepuka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera mtengo. Mtengo wa mtundu wa msika wagalimoto ukuyembekezeka kukhala mazana angapo. Euro.

Malinga ndi oimira kampani, AeroMobil ikhoza kunyamuka ndikutera kuchokera pamzere wa udzu. Zimatengera pafupifupi 200m kunyamuka ndipo kutera akuti ngakhale 50m. 

VTOL yokha

Monga momwe mukuonera, ngakhale pamalingaliro azamalamulo, AeroMobil imatengedwa ngati mtundu wa ndege yokhala ndi zida zotsika zomwe zimatha kuyenda m'misewu ya anthu, osati "galimoto yowuluka". Paul Moller, mlengi wa M400 Skycar, amakhulupirira kuti bola ngati sitikuchitapo kanthu ndi kunyamuka koyima ndikutera, kusintha kwa "mpweya" pamayendedwe amunthu sikudzachitika. Wopangayo mwiniyo wakhala akugwira ntchito pamakina otere otengera ma propellers kuyambira 90s. Posachedwapa, wakhala ndi chidwi ndi teknoloji ya drone. Komabe, imalimbanabe ndi vuto lopangitsa kuti ma motors okwera ndi otsika akhale ndi mphamvu moyenera.

Zaka zoposa ziwiri zapitazo, Terrafugia adavumbulutsa mtundu uwu wa galimoto yamaganizo, yomwe siidzakhala ndi makina amakono a hybrid drive ndi semi-automatic chiwongolero, komanso sichidzasowa poyimitsa magalimoto. Zokwanira garaja wamba. Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, adalengezedwa kuti galimoto yachitsanzo, yomwe idasankhidwa kuti TF-X pamlingo wa 1:10, iyesedwa mu A. ndi abale a Wright ku MIT.

Galimotoyo, yomwe imawoneka ngati ya anthu anayi, iyenera kunyamuka molunjika pogwiritsa ntchito ma rotor oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi. Kumbali inayi, injini ya turbine ya gasi iyenera kukhala yoyendetsa maulendo ataliatali. Okonza amalosera kuti galimotoyo imatha kuyenda mpaka 800 km. Kampaniyo yatolera kale maoda mazanamazana pamagalimoto ake owuluka. Kugulitsa mayunitsi oyamba kudakonzedweratu 2015-16. Komabe, kulowa kwa magalimoto kugwira ntchito kungachedwe pazifukwa zalamulo, zomwe tidalemba pamwambapa. Terrafugia inapatula zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri mu 2013 kuti ntchitoyo ipitirire.

Zosintha zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto a Terraf TF-X

Pankhani ya magalimoto owuluka, pali vuto lina lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa - kaya tikufuna magalimoto omwe amawuluka ndikuyendetsa bwino m'misewu, kapena magalimoto owuluka okha. Chifukwa ngati ndizo zomaliza, ndiye kuti timachotsa zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo zomwe opanga amalimbana nazo.

Komanso, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, kuphatikiza luso galimoto zowuluka ndi dynamically kukhala machitidwe odziyendetsa okha ndi zoonekeratu. Chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri, ndipo akatswiri samakhulupirira kuti kuyenda kopanda mikangano kwa zikwizikwi za madalaivala a "anthu" odziimira pawokha mu malo atatu-dimensional. Komabe, tikayamba kuganiza za makompyuta ndi mayankho monga omwe akupangidwa panopa, mwachitsanzo, ndi Google ponena za magalimoto odziyimira pawokha, kukambirana kosiyana kosiyana kumayamba. Kotero zili ngati kuwuluka - inde, koma popanda dalaivala