MAZ 543

Chiwonetsero chotchedwa MAZ 543 chinapangidwa ngati galimoto yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsa magudumu, yomwe simasiyana ndi mapangidwe a dziko lapansi. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti chimphona cha ma axle anayichi chinapangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo zomwe zimapangidwa kunyumba.

Poyamba, akatswiriwo anakumana ndi ntchito yopanga chonyamulira mizinga, ndiye 543 m'munsi anakhala ponseponse kwa machitidwe ambiri owonjezera ndi zida. Chotsatira chake, galimoto yolemetsa kwambiri yakhala imodzi mwa magalimoto omwe amafunidwa kwambiri m'magalimoto a asilikali a USSR.

Mbiri Yakale

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zida zamtunduwu zikugwirabe ntchito ndi Russia ndi mayiko a CIS. Chaka chilichonse, magalimoto awa amatha kuwoneka muulemerero wawo wonse pamisonkhano yoperekedwa ku Tsiku Lopambana mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lathu.

Nkhaniyi inayamba ndi MAZ 537, monga chitsanzo ichi chinatengedwa ngati maziko. Pambuyo poyambira kupanga misa 537, gulu la akatswiri otsogozedwa ndi wopanga bwino B.L. adatumizidwa ku Minsk. Shaposhnikov. Cholinga cha chitukuko chinali kufunikira kokonzanso zoyendera zankhondo.

Mainjiniya anayamba ntchito chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1950, ndipo m’zaka za m’ma 1960 lingaliro la galimoto yolemera yatsopano linapangidwa. Kumapeto kwa chaka, boma la USSR linaganiza zoyamba kupanga misa posachedwapa.

Patapita zaka ziwiri, prototypes MAZ 543 anakonzekera kuyesedwa mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 6. Magalimoto awiri adatumizidwa ku fakitale ku Volgograd, komwe adakhala ndi zida zoyambira zida zatsopano.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, wonyamulira mizinga anatenga gawo mu kuyesa zida za mizinga mu 1964. Kwa nthawi yonse yoyezetsa, palibe zolakwa zazikulu zaukadaulo zomwe zidadziwika.

Pansipa pali chithunzi chotchedwa Rocket Carrier

Zolemba zamakono

Wonyamulira mzinga woyamba wa MAZ 543 mzere anali ndi mphamvu yonyamulira ya makilogalamu oposa 19. M'mbiri yonse, makope oposa chikwi chimodzi ndi theka amtunduwu adatuluka pamzere wa msonkhano. Ena a iwo anatumizidwa ku East Germany, kumene galimotoyo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galimoto yonyamulira asilikali.

Kugunda kwa kalavani kunapangitsa kuti galimotoyo isanduke thalakitala yodzaza. Mwachitsanzo, zitsanzo zina zakhala ma motorhomes, magalimoto apanyumba, ndi mitundu ina.

Dongosolo loyamba la mizinga yoyikidwa pa chassis iyi linali TEMP tactical complex. Pambuyo pake idasinthidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa 9P117.

Komanso pamaziko a MAZ 543 anali:

• malo olumikizirana mafoni;
• ma checkpoints;
• machitidwe a missile a mibadwo yosiyanasiyana ndi zolinga;
• asilikali crane, etc.

Cab

Okhala mkati ayenera kuti adadabwa chifukwa chake mapangidwe amkatiwa adasankhidwa. Ndi zophweka, zoponya zoyamba za TEMP zinali ndi kutalika kwa mamita 12, kotero ziyenera kuikidwa kwinakwake.

Poyamba ankangofuna kupanga kabowo kakang’ono pakati pa kanyumbako. Koma mwaukadaulo sizinagwire ntchito. Zinkawoneka ngati njira yokhayo yotulukira inali kugwiritsa ntchito chimango chachitali. Komabe, Shaposhnikov anaganiza kutenga njira sanali muyezo ndipo anagawa cheke m'zigawo ziwiri, pakati pakhoza kuikidwa mzinga.

Poyamba, njirayi siinagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zida zankhondo, koma idakhala njira yokhayo yolondola. Komanso, popanga kanyumbako, akatswiriwo adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mapepala osakhala azitsulo. Anasankha utomoni wokhazikika wa poliyesitala womwe umawoneka ngati pulasitiki.

Poyamba, aliyense anali kukayikira chisankho ichi, koma mayesero anatsimikizira kudalirika ndi mphamvu za zinthu. Pofuna kulimbitsa, mbale zowonjezera zida zankhondo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zinapachikidwa kuchokera pamwamba. Kanyumba kalikonse kanali ndi mipando iwiri.

MAZ wa asilikali

Popanga galimotoyo, sizinthu zapakhomo zokha zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ku USSR, komanso malingaliro atsopano a okonza panthawiyo:

• chimango chothandizira magawo awiri a mawonekedwe a curvilinear, opangidwa ndi kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera;
• kuyimitsidwa kwa torsion bar ndi ma levers, omwe amaonetsetsa kuti akuyenda bwino;
• XNUMX-liwiro hydromechanical kufala ndi luso kusinthana popanda kuzimitsa magetsi;
• 8-wheel drive yokhala ndi ntchito yopopera yokha, yowonjezeredwa ndi dongosolo lowongolera kuthamanga (kuwonjezera patency muzochitika zilizonse);
• 12-silinda magetsi kuchokera ku thanki ya D-525A-38 yokhala ndi voliyumu yogwira ntchito ya malita oposa 500 ndi mphamvu yovotera yopitilira XNUMX hp;
• matanki awiri dizilo voliyumu 250 malita (yachitatu nkhokwe - 180 malita);
• kulemera kwa galimoto ndi pafupifupi matani 20 (malingana ndi kusinthidwa ndi cholinga);
• kuyimitsa mtunda wa osachepera 21 m.

Miyeso yonse

• kutalika 11,26 m;
• kutalika 2,9m;
• m'lifupi 3,05 m;
• kutalika kwa nthaka 40 cm;
• kutalika kwa 2375 m;
• utali wozungulira 13,5m.

Zosintha zazikulu

Masiku ano pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ndi mitundu ingapo yaying'ono.

Mtengo wa MAZ543A

Mu 1963, buku loyamba la MAZ 543A linayambitsidwa, ndi mphamvu yonyamula matani 19,4. Patapita nthawi, ndiye kuti, kuyambira 1966, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zankhondo inayamba kupangidwa pamaziko a kusinthidwa A (hotelo).

Choncho, palibe kusiyana kochuluka kuchokera ku chitsanzo choyambira. Choyambirira chomwe mungazindikire ndikuti ma cab apita patsogolo. Izi zinapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke kutalika kwa chimango mpaka 7000 mm.

Ndiyenera kunena kuti kupangidwa kwa Baibuloli kunali kwakukulu ndipo kunapitirira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, zonse zosaposa 2500 zidachotsedwa pamzere wa msonkhano.

Kwenikweni, magalimotowa ankakhala ngati zonyamulira mizinga yonyamulira zida za mizinga ndi mitundu yonse ya zida. Nthawi zambiri, chassis inali yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya superstructures.

MAZ 543 M

Tanthauzo lagolide la mzere wonse wa 543, kusinthidwa kwabwino, kudapangidwa mu 1974. Mosiyana ndi omwe adalipo kale, galimotoyi inali ndi kabati yokha kumanzere. Kunyamula mphamvu kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, kufika pa 22 kg popanda kuganizira kulemera kwa galimoto yokha.

Kawirikawiri, palibe kusintha kwakukulu kwapangidwe komwe kunawonedwa. Pamaziko a MAZ 543 M, zida zoopsa kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya superstructures zina zapangidwa ndipo akadali kulengedwa. Izi ndi SZO "Smerch", S-300 air defense systems, etc.

Kwa nthawi zonse, chomeracho chinapanga zidutswa zosachepera 4,5 za mndandanda wa M. Ndi kugwa kwa USSR, kupanga kwakukulu kunayimitsidwa. Chomwe chinatsala chinali kupanga timagulu ting'onoting'ono tolamulidwa ndi boma. Pofika m'chaka cha 2005, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 11 yochokera ku banja la 543 inali itachoka pamzere wa msonkhano.

Pa galimoto ya galimoto yankhondo yokhala ndi thupi lazitsulo zonse, MAZ 7930 inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 90, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa injini yamphamvu kwambiri (500 HP). Kutulutsidwa kwa mtunduwu, wotchedwa MZKT 7930, sikunayimitse ngakhale kugwa kwa USSR. Kutulutsidwa kukupitilira mpaka lero.

Zosintha zazing'ono

Pazaka zoposa 50 za mbiri ya chitsanzo ichi, zosintha zosiyanasiyana zinapangidwa mu chiwerengero chochepa. Kupanga kwa seri sikunakhazikitsidwe, chifukwa kunalibe chifukwa chake.

Mwachitsanzo, MAZ 543 B cholinga kukhazikitsa bwino rocket launcher 9K72. Maziko a mndandanda waukulu wa M anali chitsanzo cha B-mndandanda.

Mogwirizana ndi zosowa zachuma ndi zofunikira, zosinthidwa ndi ndondomeko ya P. Izi zinali magalimoto ophunzitsira moto kapena zitsanzo zonyamulira ma trailer ndi zida zankhondo zolemera. Pafupifupi zidutswa 250 zokha.

Nthawi zambiri, monga mbali ya msewu sitima matrakitala awiri exixos MAZ 5433 ndi siriyo nambala 8385, mukhoza kupeza pa bolodi gawo MAZ 543 7310 ndi zitsanzo zina.

Gulu laling'ono la MAZ 543 Hurricanes linapangidwiranso ntchito zamoto. Zimphona izi zitha kupezekabe m'mabwalo am'mlengalenga a mayiko a CIS. Zida zozimitsa moto zidali ndi thanki yamadzi ya malita 12 ndi thanki ya thovu ya malita 000.

Makina oterowo anali ofunikira pozimitsa moto pamalo oterowo. Choyipa chachikulu cha magalimoto onse mndandandawu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Ngati zitsanzo zoyamba "zidya" mpaka malita 100 pa makilomita 100, ndiye kuti maulendo amakono amadya mpaka malita 125 pamtunda womwewo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo

Madalaivala ophunzitsidwa bwino angathe kuyendetsa galimoto yaikulu chonchi. Choyamba, m'pofunika kupititsa mayeso pa chidziwitso cha zida zomwezo, njira zotetezera komanso, ndithudi, kuyendetsa nokha. Ambiri, oyendetsa muyezo galimoto tichipeza anthu awiri, choncho ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi.

Tekinoloje yatsopano iyenera kuyambitsidwa. Choyamba, pambuyo pa kuthamanga kwa 1000 km, MOT yoyamba ikuchitika. Komanso, patatha makilomita zikwi ziwiri, kusintha kwa mafuta kumachitika.

Asanayambe injini, dalaivala amapopa dongosolo kondomu ndi mpope wapadera (kukakamiza mpaka 2,5 atm) osapitirira miniti. Ngati kutentha kuli pansi pa madigiri 5, injini iyenera kutenthedwa isanayambe - pali makina opangira magetsi apadera.

Pambuyo kuyimitsa injini, kuyimitsanso kumaloledwa pakatha mphindi 30. Pambuyo pa kutentha pang'ono, magetsi amayamba kuchotsa madzi mu turbine.

Chifukwa chake, galimotoyo idakhala yopanda ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pakutentha kozungulira kosakwana madigiri 15. Kenako gearbox ya hydromechanical yokhala ndi overdrive inazimitsa yokha.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti liwiro lakumbuyo limatsegulidwa pokhapokha kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu. Poyendetsa pamalo olimba komanso owuma, giya yapamwamba imagwira ntchito, ndipo m'malo opanda msewu giya yotsika imagwira.

Mukayima pamtunda wopitilira madigiri 7, kuwonjezera pa brake yamanja, kuyendetsa kwa master silinda ya brake system kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyimitsa sikuyenera kupitirira maola 4, apo ayi ma wheel chock amaikidwa.

Makampani amakono

Tsoka ilo, mathirakitala a MAZ 543 pang'onopang'ono akusinthidwa ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri za MZKT 7930, koma izi zikuchitika pang'onopang'ono. Zida zonse zikadali zapamwamba kwambiri. M'mayiko ambiri a CIS, kuphatikizapo Russia, zida zapaderazi zikugwirabe ntchito.

Simupeza magalimoto awa m'gawo lazachuma. Kupatula apo, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikunyamula ndi kunyamula katundu, zida, ma module ankhondo ndi asitikali.

Zitsanzo zina zasinthidwa kukhala nyumba zakumidzi. Tsopano magalimoto amapangidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono malinga ndi malamulo a boma kwa asilikali. Zida zotere sizogulitsa komanso sizobwereka, sizingagwire ntchito kugula ngakhale thirakitala yochotsedwa.