Mvula yamkuntho ya MAZ 543

Ataphunzira kupanga mndandanda wa MAZ 537 ku Minsk Automobile Plant, gulu la injiniya la Yaroslavl linatumizidwa ku Minsk, lomwe ntchito yake inali kupanga galimoto yatsopano yankhondo pogwiritsa ntchito maziko ndi chitukuko chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga MAZ-537.

 

Galimoto ya MAZ-543 inayamba kupangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950. Pachifukwa ichi, ofesi yapadera yopangira mapangidwe No. projekiti ya chassis inali yokonzeka. Boma la Soviet anachita mofulumira kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi ndipo anapereka lamulo pa December 1, 1954 kulamula kupanga galimotoyo MAZ-1960 kuyamba posachedwapa.

Pambuyo pa zaka 2, zitsanzo 6 zoyambirira za MAZ-543 zidakonzeka. Awiri a iwo nthawi yomweyo anatumizidwa ku Volgograd, kumene experimental rocket launchers ndi R-543 ballistic mizinga ndi injini rocket anaikidwa pa MAZ-17 galimotoyo.

Zonyamula zida zomaliza zomaliza zidatumizidwa kumalo ophunzitsira ku Kapustny Yar mu 1964, komwe mayeso oyamba adachitika. Pa kuyezetsa MAZ-543 galimotoyo anachita bwino, popeza SKB-1 anali ndi luso kupanga makina a mtundu uwu kuyambira 1954.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi kupanga

Pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, magalimoto adawonetsa kuti akhoza kubweretsa mayendedwe ankhondo pamlingo watsopano. Ndipo pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lathu, kutuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano ya zida kunatikakamiza kupanga zida zonyamulira.

Kulengedwa kwa mathirakitala ankhondo omwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba lodutsa dziko linaperekedwa ku bungwe lapadera la mapangidwe ndi msonkhano woyesera wa MAZ. Banja la magalimoto linatchedwa MAZ-535 - prototypes yoyamba inamangidwa kale mu 1956, ndipo mu 1957 magalimotowa adapambana mayeso. Kupanga kwa serial kunayamba mu 1958.

Banja linaphatikizapo thirakitala yagalimoto ya MAZ-535V, yokonzedwa makamaka kuti iyendetse magalimoto omwe amatsata (kuphatikizapo akasinja). Zinakhala makina ofunidwa kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo zidawonekeratu kuti mphamvu zake sizinali zokwanira kunyamula zida zaposachedwa ndi misa yayikulu.

Kuti athetse vutoli, iwo anayamba Baibulo awo ndi injini mphamvu mpaka 525 HP. Iye analandira dzina MAZ-537. Kwa nthawi, magalimoto opangidwa mofanana, koma mu 1961 kupanga MAZ-535 anasamutsidwa ku chomera ku Kurgan. Mu 1964, MAZ-537 nayenso anamuthamangitsa - kupanga wotchuka Mkuntho MAZ-543 unayambika ku Minsk.

Mu Kurgan, MAZ-537 mwamsanga anathamangitsidwa amene anatsogolera ku mzere msonkhano.

Mathilakitala ankanyamula akasinja, mfuti zodziyendetsa okha, zoulutsira roketi ndi ndege zopepuka. Mu chuma cha dziko, galimotoyo idapezanso ntchito - idakhala yofunikira pakunyamula katundu wolemera mumikhalidwe, mwachitsanzo, ku Far North. Pakupanga, monga lamulo, kusintha kwakung'ono kunapangidwa ku magalimoto, monga kugwirizana kwa zipangizo zowunikira ndi magalimoto "asilikali", kapena kuyambitsidwa kwa mpweya wina wozizira.

M'zaka za m'ma 80 anayesa kukonzanso mathirakitala - anaika injini YaMZ-240 ndikuyesera kusintha ergonomics. Koma m'badwo wa dongosolo anakhudzidwa, ndipo mu 1990 thalakitala MAZ-537 potsiriza anasiya.

Pambuyo kugwa kwa Soviet Union, MAZ anakhalabe mu Belarus palokha, ndi zomera Kurgan, amene anataya malamulo chitetezo ndipo sanalandire thandizo mu mawonekedwe a kupanga magalimoto wamba, mwamsanga inasokonekera.

Chisankho mosayembekezereka pa kusankha masanjidwe kanyumba MAZ-543

Dongosolo latsopano la mizinga, lotchedwa "Temp-S", linali ndi mzinga wautali kwambiri (12 mm), kotero kutalika kwa chassis sikunali kokwanira. Anaganiza zopanga kupuma kwapadera pakati pa kanyumbako, koma izi sizinakwaniritsidwe. Popeza adangotsala kuti atalikitse chimango, wopanga wamkulu Shaposhnikov adapanga chisankho cholimba mtima komanso chodabwitsa - kugawa nyumbayo m'zipinda ziwiri zakutali, pomwe mutu wa rocket unayikidwa.

Kugawanika kwa kanyumba kotereku sikunayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira yotereyi, koma njira iyi inakhala njira yokhayo yolondola. M'tsogolo, ambiri akalambula MAZ-543 anali kanyumba a mtundu uwu. Chisankho china choyambirira chinali kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano popanga zipinda za MAZ-543. Sanapangidwe ndi chitsulo, koma ndi utomoni wa poliyesitala wowonjezeredwa ndi fiberglass.

Ngakhale okayikira ambiri adawonekera nthawi yomweyo omwe amatsutsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonga pulasitiki pachipinda cha okwera ndege kunali kosavomerezeka, mayeso omwe ali m'chipinda chochezera adawonetsa zosiyana. Pakuyesa kwamphamvu, choyesereracho chidagwa, koma kanyumbako kanapulumuka.

Zovala zankhondo zokwera zidapangidwa makamaka za kanyumbako. Popeza MAZ-543 anayenera kulowa mu mtundu njanji mosalephera, taxi analandira mipando 2 aliyense, ndipo mipando anali osati mu mzere umodzi, koma wina ndi mzake.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo

Madalaivala ophunzitsidwa bwino angathe kuyendetsa galimoto yaikulu chonchi. Choyamba, m'pofunika kupititsa mayeso pa chidziwitso cha zida zomwezo, njira zotetezera komanso, ndithudi, kuyendetsa nokha. Ambiri, oyendetsa muyezo galimoto tichipeza anthu awiri, choncho ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi.

Tekinoloje yatsopano iyenera kuyambitsidwa. Choyamba, pambuyo pa kuthamanga kwa 1000 km, MOT yoyamba ikuchitika. Komanso, patatha makilomita zikwi ziwiri, kusintha kwa mafuta kumachitika.

Asanayambe injini, dalaivala amapopa dongosolo kondomu ndi mpope wapadera (kukakamiza mpaka 2,5 atm) osapitirira miniti. Ngati kutentha kuli pansi pa madigiri 5, injini iyenera kutenthedwa isanayambe - pali makina opangira magetsi apadera.

Pambuyo kuyimitsa injini, kuyimitsanso kumaloledwa pakatha mphindi 30. Pambuyo pa kutentha pang'ono, magetsi amayamba kuchotsa madzi mu turbine.

Chifukwa chake, galimotoyo idakhala yopanda ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pakutentha kozungulira kosakwana madigiri 15. Kenako gearbox ya hydromechanical yokhala ndi overdrive inazimitsa yokha.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti liwiro lakumbuyo limatsegulidwa pokhapokha kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu. Poyendetsa pamalo olimba komanso owuma, giya yapamwamba imagwira ntchito, ndipo m'malo opanda msewu giya yotsika imagwira.

Mukayima pamtunda wopitilira madigiri 7, kuwonjezera pa brake yamanja, kuyendetsa kwa master silinda ya brake system kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyimitsa sikuyenera kupitirira maola 4, apo ayi ma wheel chock amaikidwa.

Zithunzi za MAZ-543

Popanga MAZ-543, njira zambiri zoyambira zidagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Chimango choyamba chinali ndi zingwe 2 zopindika za kuchuluka kwa elasticity. Pakupanga kwawo, matekinoloje owotcherera ndi ma riveting adagwiritsidwa ntchito;
• Kuonetsetsa kuti kusalala kofunikira, kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kwa mtundu wa torsion-lever kunasankhidwa;
• Kutumiza kunalinso koyambirira. Kutumiza kwa ma hydro-mawotchi othamanga anayi amalola kusintha kwa zida popanda kusokoneza mphamvu;
• Patency ya galimotoyo inaperekedwa ndi mawilo 8 oyendetsa, omwe anali ndi makina opopera okha. Mwa kusintha kuthamanga kwa matayala, zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa ntchito zapamwamba zodutsa dziko ngakhale pazigawo zovuta kwambiri za kunja kwa msewu;
• Injini ya tank D-12A-525 inapereka galimotoyo ndi malo osungira mphamvu. Voliyumu ya injini iyi ya 525-horsepower 12-cylinder inali malita 38;
• Galimotoyo inali ndi matanki 2 amafuta okhala ndi mphamvu ya malita 250 iliyonse. Panalinso thanki yowonjezera ya 180-lita ya aluminiyamu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumatha kuyambira 80 mpaka 120 malita pa 100 km;
• Mphamvu yonyamula chassis inali matani 19,1, ndipo kulemera kwake kunali pafupifupi matani 20, kutengera kusinthidwa.

Miyezo ya MAZ-543 chassis idatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa rocket ndi choyambitsa, kotero m'mbuyomu adawonetsedwa:

• Kutalika kwa MAZ-543 kunali 11 mm;
• kutalika - 2900 mm;
• Kutalika - 3050 mm.

Chifukwa cha makabati osiyana zinali zotheka kuika Temp-S launcher pa MAZ-543 galimotoyo popanda vuto lililonse.

Basic model MAZ-543

Woimira woyamba wa banja MAZ-543 galimoto anali m'munsi chassis ndi mphamvu yonyamula matani 19,1, wotchedwa MAZ-543. Chassis yoyamba pansi pa ndondomekoyi inasonkhanitsidwa mu kuchuluka kwa makope 6 mu 1962. Pazonse, makope 1631 adapangidwa m'mbiri yonse ya kupanga.

Angapo MAZ-543 galimotoyo anatumizidwa ku GDR asilikali. Kumeneko anali ndi mahema azitsulo, omwe ankatha kunyamula katundu ndi kunyamula anthu ogwira ntchito. Komanso, MAZs okonzeka ndi ngolo zamphamvu, zomwe zinawapangitsa kukhala mathirakitala amphamvu ballast. Magalimoto omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mathirakitala adasinthidwa kukhala ma workshop oyenda kapena magalimoto obwezeretsa.

MAZ-543 poyambirira idapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zida zogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo pagalimoto yake. Yoyamba yovuta, yomwe inayikidwa pa galimoto ya MAZ-543, inali TEMP. Pambuyo pake, choyambitsa chatsopano cha 543P9 chinayikidwa pa galimotoyo MAZ-117.

Komanso, pamaziko a MAZ-543 anasonkhana zovuta ndi machitidwe zotsatirazi:

• Coastal mzinga zovuta "Rubezh";
• Kulimbana ndi malo ochezera;
• Special asilikali galimoto Kireni 9T35;
• malo olumikizirana;
• Makina opangira magetsi a dizilo odziyimira pawokha.

Pamaziko a MAZ-543 anaikanso zida zina zapadera.

Injini ndi gearbox

MAZ 543, amene makhalidwe luso ndi ofanana MAZ 537, alinso injini ofanana, koma ndi jekeseni mwachindunji mafuta ndi zotsukira mpweya. Ili ndi kasinthidwe ka V-silinda khumi ndi ziwiri, kuwongolera liwiro pamakina mumitundu yonse, ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi injini ya dizilo. Injini ya dizilo idakhazikitsidwa pa B2 yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matangi pankhondo. Voliyumu 38,8 malita. Mphamvu ya injini - 525 hp.

Kutumiza kwa hydromechanical komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa MAZ 543 kumathandizira kuyendetsa, kumawonjezera patency yapamsewu komanso kulimba kwa injini. Amakhala ndi magawo atatu: mawilo anayi, chosinthira siteji imodzi makokedwe, kufala atatu-liwiro basi ndi dongosolo kulamulira.

Makinawa ali ndi makina osinthira makina, omwe ali ndi magawo awiri okhala ndi kusiyana kwapakati.

Zosintha zozimitsa moto

Magalimoto ozimitsa moto aku Airfield potengera chitsanzo cha 7310 amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo komanso magwiridwe antchito, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwabe ntchito.

AA-60

Analengedwa pamaziko a MAZ-543 galimotoyo, galimoto moto analengedwa pa KB-8 mu Priluki. Kusiyanitsa kwake kumatha kuonedwa ngati mpope wamphamvu wokhala ndi mphamvu ya 60 l / s. Adalowa mu 1973 pamalo opangira zida zamoto mumzinda wa Priluki.

Makhalidwe a MAZ 7310 kusinthidwa AA-60:

1. Zolinga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa moto wa ndege mwachindunji pa ndege ndi nyumba, nyumba. Chifukwa cha miyeso yake, galimoto yotereyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kunyamula anthu ogwira ntchito, komanso zida zapadera zamoto ndi zipangizo.
2. Madzi atha kuperekedwa kuchokera kumalo otseguka (madamu), kudzera papaipi yamadzi kapena pachitsime. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito thovu la aeromechanical kuchokera ku chowombera chachitatu kapena chidebe chanu.
3. Zinthu zogwirira ntchito. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potentha kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri m'dera lililonse ladziko.
4. Makhalidwe akuluakulu. Ndi okonzeka ndi wothandizila thovu ndi buku la malita 900, injini carburetor mphamvu 180 HP. Chodabwitsa cha mpope ndikuti chimatha kugwira ntchito mothamanga mosiyanasiyana.

Galimotoyo imasinthidwa kuti igwire ntchito pa kutentha kulikonse. Injini yaikulu, mapampu ndi akasinja mu nyengo yozizira amatenthedwa ndi magetsi otenthetsera magetsi, omwe amathandizidwa ndi jenereta. Kukanika kulephera, kutentha kuchokera ku petulo ndikotheka.

Chowunikira moto chikhoza kuyendetsedwa pamanja kapena kuchokera ku cab ya dalaivala. Palinso makhazikitsidwe osunthika mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa za 2, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzimitsa moto mu salon kapena saloon, komanso m'malo otsekedwa.

Zithunzi za AA-60

Mtundu waukulu wa injini yamoto ya AA-60 idasinthidwa kangapo ndipo idasinthidwa katatu:

1. AA-60(543)-160. Galimoto yoyaka moto yochokera ku MAZ-543 chassis. Ili ndi luso lofanana ndi mtundu woyambira, kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa tanki yamadzi, yomwe mphamvu yake ndi malita 11. Zapangidwa m'makope ochepa.
2. AA-60(7310)-160.01. Magalimoto oyaka moto kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamabwalo a ndege, opangidwa mwachindunji pamaziko a MAZ 7310. Madzi apa ndi 12 malita, ndipo pampu yodziyimira yokha yakhazikitsidwa. Anapangidwa kwa zaka 000, mu 4-1978.
3. AA-60(7313)-160.01A. Kusintha kwina kwa injini yamoto ya ndege, yopangidwa kuyambira 1982.

Mu 1986, MAZ-7310 analowa m'malo MAZ-7313, galimoto tani 21, komanso Baibulo lake kusinthidwa MAZ-73131 ndi mphamvu yonyamula pafupifupi matani 23, zonse zochokera MAZ-543 chomwecho.

AA-70

Izi kusinthidwa kwa galimoto moto anapangidwanso mu mzinda wa Priluki mu 1981 pa maziko a galimotoyo MAZ-73101. Ili ndi mtundu wowongoka wa AA-60, kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kuli:

• thanki yowonjezera yowonjezera ufa;
• kuchepa kwa madzi;
• pampu yogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Pali 3 akasinja m'thupi: ufa ndi voliyumu 2200 L, thovu kuganizira 900 L ndi madzi 9500 L.

Kuphatikiza pa kuzimitsa zinthu pabwalo la ndege, makinawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzimitsa zitsulo ndi zinthu zamafuta, akasinja okhala ndi kutalika kwa 6 m.

Kugwira ntchito kwa gulu lapadera la MAZ 7310, lomwe limanyamula zida zozimitsa moto m'bwaloli, likuchitika lero m'mabwalo a ndege chifukwa cha cholinga chake m'mayiko ambiri a post-Soviet space. Makina oterowo samangotengera nyengo yoyipa ya madera akumpoto, komanso amakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zowerengera polimbana ndi malawi pa ndege ndi malo oyendetsa ndege.

Makina apakatikati ndi amodzi

Ngakhale zisanachitike kusinthidwa koyamba, okonzawo adagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera teknoloji, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu kwazing'ono.

• MAZ-543B - kunyamula mphamvu yawonjezeka kufika matani 19,6. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuyendetsa oyambitsa 9P117M.
• MAZ-543V - kulowetsedwa kwa kusinthidwa otsiriza bwino anali ndi kanyumba anasamukira kutsogolo, chimango elongated ndi kuchuluka katundu mphamvu.
• MAZ-543P - galimoto chosavuta kapangidwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kukoka ngolo, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuphunzitsa madalaivala mayunitsi aakulu. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kumeneku kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma cha dziko.
• MAZ-543D - chitsanzo mpando umodzi ndi Mipikisano mafuta injini dizilo. Lingaliro losangalatsa silinakwezedwe chifukwa linali lovuta kukhazikitsa.
• MAZ-543T - chitsanzo lakonzedwa kuti kuyenda omasuka m'madera amapiri.

Zithunzi za MAZ-543A

Mu 1963 anamasulidwa kusinthidwa experimental cha MAZ-543A. Chitsanzochi chinapangidwira kukhazikitsa kwa SPU OTRK "Temp-S". kusinthidwa MAZ-543A anayamba kupangidwa mu 1966, ndi kupanga misa unayamba mu 1968.

Makamaka kuti agwirizane ndi makina atsopano a missile, maziko a chitsanzo chatsopano anawonjezeka pang'ono. Ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba palibe kusiyana, kwenikweni, okonzawo anawonjezera pang'ono kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo poyendetsa ma cabs patsogolo. Powonjezera kutsogolo kwa 93 mm, zinali zotheka kukulitsa gawo lothandiza la chimango mpaka 7 metres.

Zosintha zatsopano za MAZ-543A zidapangidwa makamaka kuti zikhazikitse Temp-S launcher ndi Smerch multiple launch rocket system pazitsulo zake. Dziwani kuti ngakhale oyambitsa Temp-S adachotsedwa ntchito ndi Russian Ground Forces, ma rocket angapo a Smerch akugwirabe ntchito ndi asitikali aku Russia.

Kusinthidwa kwa MAZ-543A kunapangidwa mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, okwana pafupifupi 2600 galimotoyo anapangidwa pazaka. Kenako, zida zotsatirazi anaikidwa pa galimotoyo MAZ-543A:

• Ma cran amagalimoto amitundu yosiyanasiyana;
• malamulo nsanamira;
• Zolumikizana;
• Zomera zamagetsi;
• Zokambirana zosiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tafotokozazi, zida zina zapadera zankhondo zidakhazikitsidwanso pamaziko a MAZ-543A.

Maz 543 - Trakitala yamkuntho: mawonekedwe, zithunzi

Poyamba, galimotoyo inakonzedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito poyika zida za mizinga, koma pambuyo pake pamaziko a machitidwe atsopano a MAZ-543 ndi zida zambiri zothandizira zidapangidwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ikhale galimoto yaikulu kwambiri komanso yofala kwambiri. Soviet Army.

Ubwino waukulu wa chitsanzo ichi ndi mphamvu yapamwamba, kudalirika kwapangidwe, kumanga khalidwe ndi luso lodutsa dziko lapansi, kusinthasintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. galimoto.

Zolemba / zida zankhondo Galimoto yokhala ndi nkhope chikwi: ntchito zankhondo za mathirakitala a MAZ

Kalekale, pamisonkhano yankhondo, magalimoto a MAZ-543 okhala ndi zida zatsopano chaka chilichonse anali kupereka "zodabwitsa" zina zowopsa kwa owonera akunja. Mpaka posachedwa, makinawa adasungabe udindo wawo wapamwamba ndipo akugwirabe ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo la Russia.

Mapangidwe a m'badwo watsopano wa magalimoto olemera a SKB-1 a Minsk Automobile Plant motsogozedwa ndi wopanga wamkulu Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik adayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, ndipo kupanga kwa banja la 543 kunatheka kokha kusamutsidwa kwa kupanga mathirakitala agalimoto a MAZ-537 kupita ku chomera cha Kurgan. Kuti asonkhanitse magalimoto atsopano ku MAZ, msonkhano wachinsinsi unakhazikitsidwa, kenako unasandulika kupanga mathirakitala apadera, ndipo SKB-1 inakhala Ofesi ya Chief Designer No. 2 (UGK-2).

MAZ-543 banja

Malinga ndi masanjidwe ambiri ndi m'munsi anawonjezera, MAZ-543 banja anali mofulumira ndi zosinthika kusintha mathirakitala magalimoto galimoto MAZ-537G, analandira mayunitsi akweza, cabs latsopano ndi kwambiri kuchuluka chimango kutalika. Injini ya dizilo ya 525-horsepower D12A-525A V12, makina osinthira osinthira ma torque amakono ndi ma gearbox othamanga atatu, mawilo atsopano a disc pa torsion bar kuyimitsidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kosinthika pamiyala yayikulu yotchedwa riveted-welded live frame. chassis ndi kuyimitsidwa koyambirira.

Maziko a banja 543 anali m'munsi chassis MAZ-543, MAZ-543A ndi MAZ-543M ndi cabs latsopano fiberglass mbali ndi otsetsereka n'zosiyana wa windshields, amene anakhala ngati "kuyitana khadi" lonse lachitsanzo osiyanasiyana. Zipindazi zinali ndi zosankha zakumanja ndi zakumanzere, ndipo anthu awiri ogwira nawo ntchito adapezeka molingana ndi dongosolo loyambirira la tandem, pamipando imodzi pambuyo pa inzake. Malo aulere pakati pawo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa radiator ndikukhala kutsogolo kwa rocket. Magalimoto onse anali ndi gudumu limodzi la mamita 7,7, pamene odzaza mokwanira, iwo anayamba liwiro pa khwalala 60 Km / h ndi kudya malita 80 a mafuta pa 100 Km.

MAZ-543

Kholo wa banja 543 anali "kuwala" m'munsi galimotoyo ndi mphamvu kunyamula matani 19,1 ndi losavuta MAZ-543 index. Ma prototypes asanu ndi limodzi oyamba adasonkhanitsidwa mchaka cha 1962 ndikutumizidwa ku Volgograd kukayika roketi. Kupanga magalimoto MAZ-543 anayamba kugwa mu 1965. Kutsogolo kwa chipinda cha injini, panali zitseko ziwiri za zitseko ziwiri zosiyana, zomwe zinakonzeratu kansalu kakang'ono kutsogolo (mamita 2,5) ndi chimango chokwera mamita oposa sikisi. magalimoto MAZ-543 anasonkhana mu kuchuluka kwa makope 1631.

M'gulu la People's Army la GDR, matupi afupiafupi azitsulo okhala ndi denga ndi zipangizo zomangirira zowonjezera anakwera pa galimoto ya MAZ-543, kuwasandutsa kukhala magalimoto oyendetsa mafoni kapena mathirakitala a ballast.

Pa gawo loyamba, cholinga chachikulu cha Baibuloli chinali kunyamula zida zoyesera zogwiritsa ntchito-tactical missile. Yoyamba mwa izi inali njira yonyoza ya 9K71 Temp complex, yotsatiridwa ndi 9P117 self-propelled launcher (SPU) ya 9K72 complex.

Zitsanzo zoyamba za dongosolo la mizinga ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Rubezh, siteshoni yolumikizirana pawailesi, malo owongolera nkhondo, crane yankhondo ya 9T35, magetsi amagetsi a dizilo, ndi zina zambiri.

MAZ-543A

Mu 1963, chitsanzo choyamba cha MAZ-543A chassis ndi mphamvu yonyamula matani 19,4 nthawi yomweyo inali pansi pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa SPU ya Temp-S operational-tactical missile system (OTRK), ndipo kenako inakhala maziko a asilikali. ndi superstructures. Kupanga kwake kumafakitale kudayamba mu 1966, ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri kudayamba kupanga zambiri.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa galimoto ndi MAZ-543 chitsanzo chinali rearrangement wa undercarriage, imperceptible kuchokera kunja, chifukwa cha kusuntha pang'ono patsogolo cabs onse awiri. Izi zikutanthawuza kuwonjezeka pang'ono kutsogolo (93 mm okha) ndi kukulitsa gawo lothandiza la chimango kufika mamita asanu ndi awiri. Mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, galimotoyo inapangidwa kuposa 2600 MAZ-543A.

Cholinga chachikulu ndi chovuta kwambiri cha MAZ-543A chinali mayendedwe a 9P120 OTRK Temp-S launcher ndi galimoto yake yonyamula katundu (TZM), komanso TZM ya Smerch multiple launch rocket system.

Zida zokulirapo za zida zankhondo zidakhazikitsidwa pagalimoto iyi: zoyendera ndi zoyikapo, ma cranes amagalimoto, ma post command, magalimoto olumikizirana ndi chitetezo pamakina oponya mizinga, zida za radar, zogwirira ntchito, zopangira magetsi, ndi zina zambiri.

Magalimoto oyeserera ndi ang'onoang'ono a banja la MAZ-543

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, banja la 543 linaphatikizapo zosintha zingapo zazing'ono komanso zoyesera. Woyamba mu dongosolo la zilembo anali prototypes awiri a galimotoyo MAZ-543B, anamanga pa maziko a MAZ-543 ndi ntchito kukhazikitsa bwino 9P117M launcher 9K72 zovuta.

Chachilendo chachikulu chinali chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha MAZ-543V chokhala ndi mapangidwe osiyana kwambiri ndi mphamvu yonyamula matani 19,6, yomwe inali maziko a mtundu wodziwika bwino wa MAZ-543M. Mosiyana ndi akale ake, kwa nthawi yoyamba anali ndi kutsogolo-kondera single double cab, yomwe ili kumanzere pafupi ndi chipinda cha injini. Kukonzekera kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti azitha kutalikitsa kwambiri gawo lokwera la chimango kuti akhazikitse zida zazikulu. Chassis MAZ-543V anasonkhana mu kuchuluka kwa makope 233.

Kuti agwire ntchito zoyendera kumbuyo mu gulu lankhondo la Soviet ndi chuma cha dziko m'ma 1960s, mtundu wamitundu yambiri wa MAZ-543P wapawiri unapangidwa, womwe unkagwira ntchito ngati magalimoto ophunzitsira kapena mathirakitala opangira zida zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo. ngolo zolemera.

Odziwika bwino prototypes amene sanalandire chitukuko ndi galimotoyo MAZ-543D ndi Baibulo Mipikisano mafuta a muyezo dizilo ndi kuyesera "tropical" MAZ-543T ntchito m'madera a mapiri m'chipululu.

MAZ-543M

Mu 1976, patatha zaka ziwiri kulengedwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa fanizo, galimotoyo yopambana kwambiri, yapamwamba komanso yachuma MAZ-543M idabadwa, yomwe nthawi yomweyo idalowa mukupanga ndikugwira ntchito, kenako idatsogolera banja lonse la 543. Galimoto yatsopanoyo idasiyana ndi makina awiri oyambirira 543/543A chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa kabati yakumanzere yokha, yomwe ili pafupi ndi chipinda cha injini ndikusunthira kutsogolo kwa chimango, chomwe chinafika pamtunda wake (2,8 m). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mayunitsi onse ndi zigawo zake sizinasinthe, ndipo mphamvu yonyamula yawonjezeka kufika matani 22,2.

Zosintha zina zagalimoto iyi zidaphatikizanso chassis yamitundu yambiri yokhala ndi nsanja yazitsulo zonse kuchokera kugalimoto yapawiri yapawiri MAZ-7310.

MAZ-543M inali zida zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zamakono zam'nyumba komanso zida zambiri zapadera ndi matupi agalimoto. Inali ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi za Smerch, oyambitsa zida zankhondo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Bereg ndi zida zankhondo za Rubezh, mfuti zamtundu wa S-300, ndi zina zambiri.

Mndandanda wa njira zothandizira zoperekera zida zam'manja zam'manja zinali zochulukira kwambiri: ma foni am'manja, malo omwe chandamale, kulumikizana, ntchito zankhondo, magalimoto omenyera chitetezo ndi chitetezo, malo ochitirako misonkhano ndi zida zamagetsi, ma canteens oyenda ndi malo ogona a ogwira ntchito, omenyera nkhondo ndi ena ambiri. .

Pamwamba pa kupanga magalimoto MAZ-543M inagwa mu 1987. Mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, Minsk Automobile Plant inasonkhanitsa magalimoto oposa 4,5 zikwi za mndandanda uwu.

Kugwa kwa Soviet Union kunayimitsa kupanga magalasi atatu a MAZ-543, koma iwo anapitiriza kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti awonjezere zombo za magalimoto ochotsedwa, komanso kuyesa zida zatsopano zowonetsera zida. Ponseponse, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, magalimoto oposa 11 zikwi za mndandanda wa 543 anasonkhana ku Minsk, yomwe inali ndi zida zankhondo zana limodzi ndi zida zankhondo. Kuyambira 1986, pansi chilolezo, kampani Chinese "Wanshan" anasonkhanitsa kusinthidwa magalimoto mndandanda MAZ-543 pansi pa dzina WS-2400.

Mu 1990, madzulo a kugwa kwa USSR, 22-tani multi-purpose prototype MAZ-7930 analengedwa ndi Mipikisano mafuta V12 injini mphamvu 500 HP ndi kufala Mipikisano siteji ku Yaroslavl Njinga Bzalani. , kabati yatsopano ya monoblock ndi thupi lachitsulo lalitali.

Pakadali pano, pa February 7, 1991, gulu lankhondo la Minsk Automobile Plant lidachoka kukampani yayikulu ndikusinthidwa kukhala Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (MZKT) yokhala ndi malo ake opangira komanso malo ofufuzira. Ngakhale izi, mu 1994, prototypes anayesedwa, zaka zinayi kenako anayamba kupanga, ndipo mu February 2003, pansi pa dzina MZKT-7930 mtundu, iwo anavomerezedwa kuti azipereka kwa asilikali Russian, kumene amatumikira kukwera zida zatsopano ndi superstructures. .

Mpaka pano, makina oyambira a banja la MAZ-543 amakhalabe mu pulogalamu yopanga MZKT ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, akhoza kuyikidwanso pa conveyor.

prototypes zosiyanasiyana ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono opangidwa pamaziko a MAZ-543

Popeza launchers amakono anaonekera mu 70s oyambirira, amene ankasiyana miyeso ikuluikulu, funso linabuka kupanga zosintha zatsopano MAZ-543 galimotoyo. Woyamba experimental chitukuko anali MAZ-543B, anasonkhana mu kuchuluka kwa 2 makope. Adagwira ntchito ngati chassis pokhazikitsa choyambitsa cha 9P117M.

Popeza launchers latsopano amafuna galimoto yaitali, kusinthidwa MAZ-543V posakhalitsa anaonekera, pa maziko amene kenako anakonza MAZ-543M. Kusintha kwa MAZ-543M kunasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kanyumba kakang'ono kampando, komwe kunasinthidwa kwambiri. Chassis yotereyi idapangitsa kuti izitha kuyika zinthu zazikulu kapena zida pamunsi pake.

Kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, zonse zankhondo ndi zachuma za dziko, kusinthidwa pang'ono kwa MAZ-543P kunapangidwa. Makinawa anali ndi zolinga ziwiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka ma trailer ndi zida zankhondo, komanso pophunzitsira magalimoto.

Panalinso zosintha zosadziwika bwino, zotulutsidwa m'makope amodzi ngati ma prototypes. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusinthidwa kwa MAZ-543D, yomwe ili ndi injini ya dizilo yambiri yomwe imatha kuthamanga pa dizilo ndi mafuta. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa cha zovuta kupanga, injini iyi sinalowe mukupanga kwakukulu.

Komanso chidwi ndi chitsanzo MAZ-543T, otchedwa "Tropic". Kusintha kumeneku kunapangidwa mwapadera kuti azigwira ntchito m'madera amapiri ndi m'chipululu.

Kufotokozera ndi kufananiza ndi ma analogues

Magalimoto amtundu wankhondo, ofanana ndi machitidwe a thalakitala ya MAZ-537, adawonekeranso kunja. Mu United States, mogwirizana ndi zosowa zankhondo, Mack anayamba kupanga thirakitala M123 ndi galimoto M125 flatbed.

Ku UK, Antar idagwiritsidwa ntchito kukoka magalimoto okhala ndi zida komanso ngati thirakitala.

Onaninso: MMZ - ngolo yagalimoto: mawonekedwe, kusintha, kukonza

MAZ-537	Mac M123	Anthar Thorneycroft
Kulemera, matani	21,6	14	makumi awiri
Utali mamita	8,9	7.1	8.4
Kutalika, m	2,8	2,9	2,8
Mphamvu yamainjini, hp	525	297	260
Liwiro lalikulu, km / h	55	68	Zinayi zisanu
Malo osungira magetsi, km	650	483	North Dakota.

Terakitala yaku America inali makina opangidwa mwachikhalidwe, opangidwa pamagawo agalimoto. Poyamba, inali ndi injini ya carburetor, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 60 zokha magalimotowo adakonzedwanso mwa kukhazikitsa injini ya dizilo ya 300 hp. M'zaka za m'ma 1970, adasinthidwa ndi M911 ngati thirakitala ya tanker ya asitikali aku US. British Antar anagwiritsa ntchito "chosavuta" injini ya ndege zisanu ndi zitatu ngati injini, kusowa kwa mphamvu kunali koonekeratu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950.

Kenako mitundu yoyendera dizilo idakwera liwiro (mpaka 56 km/h) ndikulipira pang'ono, koma sizinapambanebe. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti Antar poyamba anapangidwa ngati galimoto kwa ntchito mafuta, osati ntchito ya usilikali.

MAZ-537 imasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lankhondo, luso lapamwamba lankhondo ("Antar" analibe ngakhale chitsulo chowongolera kutsogolo) ndi malire akulu achitetezo.

Mwachitsanzo, M123, yomwe idapangidwanso kuti ikoke katundu wolemera matani 50 mpaka 60, inali ndi injini yagalimoto (osati thanki) yamphamvu yotsika kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi ndi kupezeka kwa hydromechanical transmission pa thirakitala ya Soviet.

MAZ-537 anasonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu kwa okonza Minsk Automobile Plant, amene anakwanitsa mu nthawi yochepa osati kupanga galimoto ya mapangidwe oyambirira (MAZ-535), komanso kuti mwamsanga amakono. Ndipo, ngakhale mu Minsk, iwo anasintha mofulumira kupanga "Mkuntho", kupitiriza kwa kupanga MAZ-537 ku Kurgan kunatsimikizira makhalidwe ake apamwamba, ndipo galimoto ya KZKT-7428 inakhala wolowa m'malo wake woyenera, kutsimikizira kuti kuthekera kwa kapangidwe kake. sichinawululidwe patsogolo sichinathe kwathunthu.

Zithunzi za MAZ-543M

Mu 1976, kusinthidwa kwatsopano ndi kutchuka kwa MAZ-543 kunawonekera. The chitsanzo, wotchedwa MAZ-543M, anayesedwa kwa zaka 2. Makinawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito atangoyamba kumene. kusinthidwa Izi wakhala bwino kwambiri MAZ-543 banja. Chimango chake chakhala chotalika kwambiri m'kalasi mwake, ndipo mphamvu yonyamula galimoto yawonjezeka kufika matani 22,2. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu chitsanzo ichi chinali chakuti zigawo zonse ndi misonkhano inali yofanana ndi mfundo zina za banja la MAZ-543.

Zida zamphamvu kwambiri za Soviet, mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za zida zinayikidwa pa galimoto ya MAZ-543M. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonjezera zingapo zapadera zidayikidwa pa chassis iyi. Pa nthawi yonse yopanga MAZ-543M kusinthidwa anapangidwa magalimoto oposa 4500.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mndandanda wa njira zothandizira zomwe zaikidwa pa MAZ-543M chassis:

• Ma hostel am'manja amapangidwira anthu 24. Maofesiwa ali ndi machitidwe a mpweya wabwino, microclimate, madzi, mauthenga, microclimate ndi kutentha;
• Ma canteens am'manja amagulu omenyera nkhondo.

Magalimoto amenewa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera akutali a USSR, kumene kunalibe midzi ndipo kunalibe malo okhala.

Pambuyo kugwa kwa Soviet Union, kupanga misa ya magalimoto a MAZ-543 a zosintha zonse zitatu anali pafupifupi anasiya. Anapangidwa kuti aziyitanitsa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000.

Mu 1986, chilolezo kusonkhanitsa MAZ-543 anagulitsidwa ku kampani Chinese Wanshan, amene amabala iwo.

MAZ 537: mtengo, specifications, zithunzi, ndemanga, ogulitsa MAZ 537

Zithunzi za MAZ537

Chaka chopanga	1959 ga
Thupi	Talakita
Kutalika, mm	8960
Kutalika, mm	2885
Kutalika, mm	2880
Chiwerengero cha zitseko	два
Chiwerengero cha malo	4
Thunthu buku, l	-
Mangani dziko	USSR

Zosintha za MAZ537

MAZ 537 38.9

Liwiro lalikulu, km / h	55
Nthawi yothamanga kufika 100 km / h, sec	-
Magalimoto	Injini ya dizeli
Ntchito buku, cm3	38880
Mphamvu, mahatchi / zosinthika	525/2100
Mphindi, Nm/rev	2200 / 1100-1400
Kugwiritsa ntchito mumsewu waukulu, l pa 100 km	-
Kugwiritsa ntchito mu mzinda, l pa 100 Km	-
Kuphatikiza mowa, L pa 100 Km	125,0
Mtundu wotumizira	Automatic, 3 magiya
Actuator	Zokwanira
Onetsani mawonekedwe onse

Magalimoto oyaka moto MAZ-543 "Mkuntho"

Magalimoto oyaka moto MAZ-543 "Hurricane" adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pamabwalo a ndege aku Soviet. Makina ambiri a mndandanda uwu akugwirabe ntchito pa ndege za CIS. Ozimitsa moto MAZ-543 ali ndi thanki yamadzi 12. Palinso thanki ya thovu ya lita 000. Zoterezi zimapangitsa magalimoto othandizirawa kukhala ofunikira pakayaka moto mwadzidzidzi pa eyapoti. Choyipa chokha ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri, komwe kumafikira malita 900 pa kilomita 100.

Panopa, magalimoto a banja MAZ-543 pang'onopang'ono m'malo latsopano MZKT-7930 magalimoto, ngakhale ndondomeko pang'onopang'ono. Mazana a MAZ-543s akupitiriza kutumikira m'magulu ankhondo a Russia ndi mayiko a CIS.

Zosintha zazikulu

Masiku ano pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ndi mitundu ingapo yaying'ono.

Mtengo wa MAZ543A

Mu 1963, buku loyamba la MAZ 543A linayambitsidwa, ndi mphamvu yonyamula matani 19,4. Patapita nthawi, ndiye kuti, kuyambira 1966, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zankhondo inayamba kupangidwa pamaziko a kusinthidwa A (hotelo).

Choncho, palibe kusiyana kochuluka kuchokera ku chitsanzo choyambira. Choyambirira chomwe mungazindikire ndikuti ma cab apita patsogolo. Izi zinapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke kutalika kwa chimango mpaka 7000 mm.

Ndiyenera kunena kuti kupangidwa kwa Baibuloli kunali kwakukulu ndipo kunapitirira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, zonse zosaposa 2500 zidachotsedwa pamzere wa msonkhano.

Kwenikweni, magalimotowa ankakhala ngati zonyamulira mizinga yonyamulira zida za mizinga ndi mitundu yonse ya zida. Nthawi zambiri, chassis inali yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya superstructures.

MAZ 543 M

Tanthauzo lagolide la mzere wonse wa 543, kusinthidwa kwabwino, kudapangidwa mu 1974. Mosiyana ndi omwe adalipo kale, galimotoyi inali ndi kabati yokha kumanzere. Kunyamula mphamvu kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, kufika pa 22 kg popanda kuganizira kulemera kwa galimoto yokha.

Kawirikawiri, palibe kusintha kwakukulu kwapangidwe komwe kunawonedwa. Pamaziko a MAZ 543 M, zida zoopsa kwambiri ndi mitundu yonse ya superstructures zina zapangidwa ndipo akadali kulengedwa. Izi ndi SZO "Smerch", S-300 air defense systems, etc.

Kwa nthawi zonse, chomeracho chinapanga zidutswa zosachepera 4,5 za mndandanda wa M. Ndi kugwa kwa USSR, kupanga kwakukulu kunayimitsidwa. Chomwe chinatsala chinali kupanga timagulu ting'onoting'ono tolamulidwa ndi boma. Pofika m'chaka cha 2005, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 11 yochokera ku banja la 543 inali itachoka pamzere wa msonkhano.

Pa galimoto ya galimoto yankhondo yokhala ndi thupi lazitsulo zonse, MAZ 7930 inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 90, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa injini yamphamvu kwambiri (500 HP). Kutulutsidwa kwa mtunduwu, wotchedwa MZKT 7930, sikunayimitse ngakhale kugwa kwa USSR. Kutulutsidwa kukupitilira mpaka lero.