Mafuta
Zamkatimu
Kudziwa kumasulira botolo la mafuta
Msikawu ndi wodzaza ndi mafuta ndipo mavoti olembedwa pamabanki samapangitsa kuti amvetsetse, makamaka popeza miyezo yolembedwa kubanki imachokera ku mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Chidule cha banja lalikulu la Mafuta.
Synthesis, theka-kaphatikizidwe, mchere
Mafutawa amagawidwa m'mabanja atatu. Mafuta opangidwa ndi apamwamba kwambiri komanso othandiza kwambiri. Ndi abwino kwa injini zothamanga kwambiri monga hypersport. Njinga zamoto zina zambiri zimakondwera ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi semi-synthetic popanda vuto: pakati, mafuta opangira mafuta osakanikirana ndi mafuta amchere. Mafuta amchere ali pansi pa sikelo. Amachokera ku mafuta oyeretsedwa.
SAE: kukhuthala
Uwu ndi mulingo wokhazikitsidwa ndi Society of Automotive Engineers womwe umayang'ana kwambiri pakuzindikira makulidwe amafuta.
Viscosity imatsimikizira kukana kuyenda kwa mafuta ngati ntchito ya kutentha. Zoonadi, kukhuthala kwa mafuta kumadalira kutentha kwake.
Nambala yoyamba ili ndi chidziwitso chozizira kukhuthala. Chifukwa chake, mafuta a 0W amakhalabe amadzimadzi mpaka -35 ° C. Chifukwa chake zipita mwachangu kukwera dera lopaka mafuta kuti liwongolere chilichonse. Nambala yachiwiri ikuwonetsa kukhuthala kotentha (kuyezedwa pa 100 ° C). Izi zikuwonetsa kukana kwamafuta ndi kuthekera kwake kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Mwachidziwitso, kutsika kwa manambala oyamba (mpaka 0) ndi kukwezera kwachiwiri (mpaka 60), kumagwira ntchito bwino. M'malo mwake, mafuta omwe adavotera 0W60 atha kukhala amadzimadzi kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka pa injini yokalamba.
API
American Petroleum Institute yakhazikitsa gulu lamafuta potengera njira zingapo, monga dispersibility, detergent, kapena corrosion protection. Kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, mafutawa amalandira kalata pambuyo pa S (ya ntchito): SA, SB… S.J. Kuchulukira kwa zilembo, kumagwira ntchito kwabwinoko. Muyezo wa SJ ndi wabwino kwambiri masiku ano.
CCMC
Uwu ndi mulingo waku Europe ndipo pano ukuyendetsedwa ndi Association of European Automobile Manufacturers. Kugwira ntchito kumawonetsedwa ndi nambala yowonjezeredwa ku chilembo G, kuyambira G1 mpaka G5. Mulingo uwu udakwezedwa mu 1991 ndi muyezo wa ACEA.
IZI
Bungwe la European Automobile Manufacturers lakhazikitsa njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito mafuta. Gulu ili ndi kuphatikiza kwa chilembo ndi nambala. Kalatayo imatchula mafuta (A = injini ya petulo, B = injini ya dizilo). Nambala imatanthawuza magwiridwe antchito ndipo imatha kuyambira 1 (ochepera) mpaka 3 (zabwino kwambiri).
Pomaliza
Chifukwa malire a injini za njinga zamoto nthawi zambiri amapitilira malire a injini zamagalimoto, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apadera a njinga zamoto.
Nthawi zambiri amanenedwa kuti mafuta osiyanasiyana sayenera kusakanikirana. M'malo mwake, mafuta ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana amatha kusakanikirana, malinga ngati mafuta ali ofanana: mwachitsanzo 5W10, etc.
