Tep-15 mafuta. Makhalidwe ndi ntchito
Zamkatimu
General magawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito TEP-15
Mafuta a Tep-15 (chiwerengero chomwe chili mu dzina lachidziwitso chimatanthawuza kukhuthala kwadzina kwamafuta awa pa 100ºC) ali ndi malo otsika a gel ndipo ali ndi zotsutsana ndi kuvala komanso zowonjezera zowonjezera. Acidity ya chinthucho ndi yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupereka zida (makamaka zotseguka) zokhala ndi mawonekedwe odana ndi dzimbiri. Popanga mafuta a giya a Tep-15, mafuta ochulukirapo omwe ali ndi utomoni wambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chake chomaliza chimapezeka kokha chifukwa cha distillation yapamwamba kwambiri komanso kupukutidwa kwamafuta.
M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mafutawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu ina yamafuta amagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito Tep-15 nigrol ngati chowonjezera (komabe, izi zimangololedwa kumtundu wamagalimoto akale, magiya a hypoid omwe safunikira kusintha. zolimbikitsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe).
Kutsika mtengo kwa zinthuzo kumatsimikizira kufunika kosinthidwa pafupipafupi ngati galimotoyo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu wokhudzana, mafuta amalekanitsa, chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha zonyansa zamakina chimawonjezeka, ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma shafts ndi magiya azivala mofulumira.
Features wa zikuchokera ndi zikhalidwe ntchito
Mosiyana ndi mtundu wamba wa Tad-17, chinthu chomwe chikufunsidwacho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika. Izi zimachepetsa kuyesayesa pamene mukusuntha magiya a galimoto, makamaka, mumkhalidwe wokhazikika wa ntchito yake. Chimodzi mwazowonjezera za Tep-15 sichikhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yokakamiza kwambiri, koma kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwakukulu: kuchokera ku 0 ... -5ºKuyambira -20…-30ºC. Izi kumawonjezera kudalirika kwa mawotchi kufala kwa mathirakitala pa kutentha otsika yozungulira, komanso nthawi shutdowns injini.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo amafuta otumizira mafuta amtundu wa Tep-15:
- Kachulukidwe, kg / m3 940, 950… XNUMX, XNUMX.
- Viscosity, cSt pa 100ºC, osapitirira 16.
- Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zonyansa,%, osapitirira - 0,03.
- Kukana kwa dzimbiri - kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira za GOST 2917-76.
- Zowonjezera kukakamiza kwambiri: phosphorous (osachepera 0,06%), sulfure (osapitirira 3,0%).
- Kuwonjezeka kovomerezeka kwa viscosity pakukhudzana ndi kutentha kwa 140ºC, %, osapitirira - 9.
- Kuopsa kwa Chemical pokhudzana ndi mphira wosamva mafuta - kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za GOST 9030-74.
Mafutawa ali ndi kawopsedwe kakang'ono (gulu langozi 4 malinga ndi GOST 12.1.007-76) ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali wautali (mpaka zaka 5, malinga ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera).
Zoletsa
Kuchepa kwa zowonjezera, ngakhale kumapereka mtengo wochepa wazogulitsa, sikutsimikizira kuti mafutawo atayika pakapita nthawi yayitali. Choncho, 20 iliyonse ... 30 makilomita zikwi za galimoto, mafuta oterowo ayenera kusinthidwa.
Monga chinthu choyaka, Tep-15 iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pafupi ndi magwero otseguka alawi, komanso pafupi ndi komwe kungayatseko. Zikasungidwa m'malo osungiramo zinthu, ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa nthunzi mumlengalenga kumatsika mpaka 3 ... 4 mg / m.3.
Kuphatikizika koyenera kwa zowonjezera zosokoneza bongo sikuyenera kukhala kosachepera 1,3%, chifukwa apo ayi, chiopsezo cha crystallization cha zigawo zamafuta chikuwonjezeka. Chotsatira chake, kugwira ntchito kwa makina onse oyendetsa galimoto kumalephereka ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito gear ikuwonjezeka.
Opanga ena amapanga mafuta a Tep-15 otchedwa TM-2-18. Pano, nambala yoyamba imasonyeza gulu logwira ntchito malinga ndi GOST 17479.2-85, ndipo yachiwiri - mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa viscosity pa 100.ºC. Zinthu zina zogwiritsira ntchito mafutawa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zofunikira za GOST 23652-79.
