Mafuta anasintha, tsopano chiyani?
Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chomwe chimachitikira mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito atayamwa mu injini ya galimoto yathu ndi poto yamafuta? Mwina ayi, chifukwa chidwi chathu mwa icho chimatha pamene chisinthidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa ndi zatsopano. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, pafupifupi anthu 100 amasonkhana m'dziko lathu chaka chilichonse. matani amafuta agalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatayidwa akatha kusungidwa, ndipo nthawi zina amatayidwa.
Kuti ndi mafuta otani?
M'dziko lonselo, pali makampani khumi ndi awiri omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakutoleretsa kwamafuta amafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, zopangira izi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaubwino zisanavomerezedwe kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Malamulo ofunikira kwambiri akuphatikizapo, makamaka, ziro zomwe zili ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimapanga emulsions yamafuta m'madzi ndi madzi pamlingo wochepera 10 peresenti. Klorini yonse yomwe ili mumafuta a injini yogwiritsidwa ntchito sayenera kupitilira 0,2%, komanso zitsulo (kuphatikiza chitsulo, aluminiyamu, titaniyamu, lead, chromium, magnesium ndi faifi tambala) ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 0,5%. (pa kulemera). Zimaganiziridwa kuti kung'anima kwa mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa madigiri 56 Celsius, koma izi sizoletsa zonse. Zomera zina zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi makampani apadera obwezeretsa mafuta zimayikanso zomwe zimatchedwa kuti magawo, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa distillation pa kutentha kwina kapena, mwachitsanzo, kusakhalapo kwa zonyansa zamafuta.
Kodi achire bwanji?
Mafuta a injini ya zinyalala, kuphatikiza kuchokera ku zokambirana zamagalimoto, amakumana ndi njira yokonzanso yomwe cholinga chake ndikugwiritsanso ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta opangira macheka, malo opangira simenti, ndi zina zotero. Mu sitepe yoyamba, madzi ndi zonyansa zolimba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mafuta. Zimachitika m'matangi apadera a cylindrical, momwe tizigawo ting'onoting'ono timapatulidwa molingana ndi mphamvu yokoka ya aliyense wa iwo (otchedwa sedimentation process). Zotsatira zake, mafuta oyeretsedwa kale amasonkhanitsa pansi pa thanki, ndipo madzi okhazikika ndi matope opepuka amawunjikana pamwamba pake. Kulekanitsidwa kwa madzi ndi mafuta otayira kumatanthauza kuti padzakhala zopangira zochepa zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuposa kale mvula isanayambe. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti 50 mpaka 100 makilogalamu a madzi ndi matope amapangidwa kuchokera ku tani iliyonse ya mafuta. Chenjerani! Ngati pali emulsions mu mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito (otchulidwa m'ndime yapitayi) ndipo sanapezeke pa siteji ya kulandira mafuta kuti apangidwenso, ndiye kuti matope sadzachitika ndipo zopangira ziyenera kutayidwa.
Pamene sikungatheke kuchita ...
Kukhalapo kwa emulsion yamafuta m'madzi mumafuta agalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito kumachotsa pakupanganso. Komabe, ichi si chopinga chokha. Zopangira zomwe zili ndi chlorine wochulukirapo ziyeneranso kuwonongedwa komaliza. Malamulo amaletsa kusinthika kwa mafuta ngati Cl iposa 0,2%. Komanso, m'pofunika kutaya zopangira munali PCBs mu kuchuluka kwa 50 mg pa kilogalamu. Ubwino wamafuta amagalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito umatsimikiziridwanso ndi ma flash point. Ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa 56 ° C, makamaka akamasinthasintha pafupifupi 115 ° C (ngati mafuta atsopano amafika kuposa 170 ° C). Ngati ng'anjoyo ili pansi pa 56 ° C, mafutawo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potaya. Lili ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta hydrocarbon ndi zinthu zina zoyaka moto, chifukwa zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito muzomera. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mafuta omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi mafuta olemera sangapangidwenso. Koma mungachipeze bwanji? Pachifukwa ichi, njira yophweka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuika mafuta ochepa otentha pamapepala opukuta ndikuwona momwe banga likufalikira (chomwe chimatchedwa kuyesa mapepala).
