Mafuta a injini zosiyanasiyana

Mafuta a injini amasankhidwa ndi wopanga magalimoto ndi chisonyezo cha mtundu wa viscosity ndi kalasi yamafuta. Awa ndi malangizo oyambira omwe amagwira ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Pakadali pano, mafuta agalimoto a opanga onse akuluakulu akugulitsidwa. Eni magalimoto ali ndi zambiri zoti asankhe, ndipo zotsatsa zotsatsira zomwe zikuchitika zikuwonetsa zambiri.

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti kusankha kwa injini ya mafuta kumapangidwa ndi wopanga galimoto, kusonyeza kukhuthala kwa ma viscosity ndi kalasi yamafuta. Awa ndi malangizo oyambira omwe amagwira ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Ukadaulo wopangira mafuta amakono opangira mafuta am'galimoto umakhala ndikuyambitsa zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafuta oyambira. Gawo loyambira lamafuta agalimoto litha kupezeka poyenga mafuta osapsa - ndiye mafutawo amatchedwa mafuta amchere, kapena atha kupezeka ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala - ndiye kuti mafutawo amatchedwa. "synthetics".

Mafuta agalimoto, ngakhale amapaka injini, ali ndi nyimbo ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, ndipo magulu apangidwa kuti afananize. Gulu la SAE viscosity limadziwika bwino, kusiyanitsa pakati pa 6 magiredi amafuta achilimwe (olembedwa 20, 30, 40, 50-60) ndi mafuta achisanu (olembedwa 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W). Komabe, zofunikira ndizofunika kwambiri - European ACEA ndi American API. Otsiriza mu gulu la injini ndi spark poyatsira (petulo) kusiyanitsa makalasi, kutanthauza zilembo za zilembo - kuchokera SA kuti SJ. Pa injini zoyatsira (dizilo), makalasi CA mpaka CF amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa izi, pali zofunika zopangidwa ndi opanga injini monga Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, MAN.

Mafuta amagwira ntchito zingapo mu injini zoyatsira mkati. Viscosity imayang'anira mafuta oyendetsa galimoto, kusindikiza ndi kugwetsa kugwedezeka, kusunga ukhondo - zotsukira ndi dispersant katundu, chitetezo odana ndi dzimbiri - acid-base nambala, ndi injini kuzirala - katundu matenthedwe. Pa ntchito ya mafuta, magawo ake amasintha. Zomwe zili m'madzi ndi zonyansa zimawonjezeka, chiwerengero cha alkaline, mafuta odzola ndi kutsuka amachepetsa, pamene chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri, kukhuthala, chingawonjezere kapena kuchepa.

Mafuta a injini amatha kusankhidwa mosavuta ngati zotsatirazi zikuganiziridwa. Nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo omwe ali mu bukhu la eni galimoto yanu kapena malangizo a ntchito. Simuyenera kusintha mafuta, mopanda malire kuphwanya misonkhano yonse ya mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi khalidwe makalasi, kuganizira mtengo okha. Osasintha mafuta amchere ndi semi-synthetic kapena mafuta opangira. Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wokwera, mafuta opangira mafuta amakhala ndi zowonjezera zambiri, kuphatikiza zotsukira. Pokhala ndi mwayi waukulu, tingaganize kuti madipoziti omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu injini adzatsukidwa, ndipo mwiniwakeyo adzayang'anizana ndi kukonzanso kwamtengo wapatali. Mtsutso wachiwiri wokomera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta "akale" ndikuti mafuta amchere amapanga filimu yamafuta ochulukirapo pazigawo zopaka zomwe zimasindikiza injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale utsi wochepa wamafuta ndikuchepetsa phokoso kuchokera pamipata yayikulu. Kanema wocheperako wamafuta amathandizira kuzama kwa mipata yayikulu kale chifukwa cha mtunda wautali.

Mafuta amchere amakwanira ma injini akale okhala ndi ma valve awiri okhala ndi mtunda wautali.

Injini zoyatsira zamagalimoto amakono zimapeza kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, komwe kumatsagana ndi katundu wotentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Pakadali pano, ma injini omwe ali ndi makina amakono ogawa gasi amamangidwa ngati ma valve ambiri, okhala ndi machitidwe osinthira nthawi ya valve ndi mphamvu. Amafuna mafuta omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo. Filimu yamafuta yomwe imafalikira pakati pa magawo opaka iyenera kukhala yokhuthala mokwanira kuti iteteze zitsulo pazitsulo, koma osati zonenepa kwambiri kuti zisapangitse kukana kwambiri. Chifukwa mafuta samakhudza kukhazikika kokha, komanso phokoso la injini ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Pamagawo amagetsi awa, zitha kulimbikitsidwa kuti musunge giredi ndi mtundu wamafuta omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga. Izi ndi, monga lamulo, mafuta apamwamba kwambiri opangidwa ndi magulu a zowonjezera zowonjezera. Zosinthazi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka, makamaka popeza kuti nthawi yokhetsa madzi idawonjezedwa mpaka ma kilomita 30.

Injini iliyonse imagwiritsa ntchito mafuta pakugwira ntchito. M'mayunitsi amakono, kumwa kumachokera ku 0,05 mpaka 0,3 malita pa 1000 km. M'mainjini othamanga kwambiri, kuvala kumawonjezeka pamene mphete za pistoni zimavala komanso mafuta ochulukirapo amadutsa. M'nyengo yozizira, poyendetsa mtunda waufupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi m'chilimwe, pamene injini ikadali yotentha.