Masks a FFP2 ndi masks ena a antivayirasi - amasiyana bwanji wina ndi mnzake?

Zosankha zamaulamuliro zokhudzana ndi mliri wa coronavirus zimafuna kuti anthu azitseka pakamwa ndi mphuno ndi masks oyenerera, ndi malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito masks a FFP2. Zikutanthauza chiyani? Timamva mayina ndi mayina kuchokera kulikonse: masks, masks, masks theka, FFP1, FFP2, FFP3, disposable, reusable, ndi fyuluta, vavu, nsalu, zosalukidwa, etc. Ndikosavuta kusokonezedwa pakuyenda kwa chidziwitso ichi, kotero m'mawu awa tikufotokozera zomwe zizindikilo zimatanthauza ndi mitundu yanji ya masks a antivayirasi omwe ali oyenera.

Dr. N. Pharm. Maria Kaspshak

Chigoba, chigoba cha theka kapena chigoba kumaso?

M'chaka chathachi, takhala tikumva mawu oti "chigoba kumaso" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophimba nkhope ndi zolinga za thanzi. Ili si dzina lovomerezeka kapena lovomerezeka, koma chochepetsera wamba. Dzina lolondola ndi "chigoba" kapena "chigoba cha theka", kutanthauza chipangizo chotetezera chomwe chimateteza pakamwa ndi mphuno. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro cha FFP zikusefa masks theka opangidwa kuti azisefa fumbi lokhala ndi mpweya komanso ma aerosols. Amapambana mayeso oyenera ndipo pambuyo pake amalandila gulu la FFP 1-3.

Masks azachipatala ndi masks opangira opaleshoni adapangidwa kuti ateteze madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala ku mabakiteriya komanso madzi omwe amatha kupatsirana. Amayesedwanso ndikulembedwa moyenerera. Masks akusefa theka la FFP amasankhidwa ngati zida zodzitetezera, mwachitsanzo, PPE (Personal Protective Equipment, PPE), pomwe masks azachipatala amatsatira malamulo osiyana pang'ono ndipo ndi a zida zamankhwala. Palinso masks osakhala achipatala opangidwa ndi nsalu kapena zinthu zina, zotayidwa kapena zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, zomwe sizimatsatira malamulo aliwonse motero sizimaganiziridwa kuti PPE kapena zida zamankhwala.

Masks osefa a FFP - ndi chiyani ndipo ayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo ziti?

Chidule cha FFP chimachokera ku mawu a Chingerezi Face Filtering Piece, kutanthauza chinthu chosefera mpweya chomwe chimavala kumaso. Poyambirira, amatchedwa masks a theka chifukwa saphimba nkhope yonse, koma pakamwa ndi mphuno, koma dzinali siligwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ngati masks oletsa fumbi kapena utsi. Masks a FFP theka ndi zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziteteze wovala ku tinthu tambiri towopsa. Monga muyezo, amayesedwa kuti amatha kusefa tinthu tokulirapo kuposa 300 nanometers. Izi zitha kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono (fumbi), komanso madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzimadzi omwe amaimitsidwa mumlengalenga, i.e. aerosols. Masks a FFP amayesedwanso kuti adziwe zomwe zimatchedwa kutayikira mkati (kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umatuluka kudzera pamipata chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa chigoba) komanso kukana kupuma.

 Masks a FFP1, akagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndikuyikidwa bwino, amatha kugwira pafupifupi 80% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo kuposa 300 nm m'mimba mwake. Masks a FFP2 amayenera kugwira osachepera 94% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, pomwe masks a FFP3 ayenera kugwira 99%.. Kuphatikiza apo, masks a FFP1 akuyenera kupereka chitetezo chochepera 25% cha kutayikira mkati (mwachitsanzo, kutuluka kwa mpweya chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa chisindikizo), FFP2 kuchepera 11% ndi FFP3 kuchepera 5%. Masks a FFP amathanso kukhala ndi ma valve kuti azipumira mosavuta. Amatsekedwa pokoka mpweya kuti asefe mpweya womwe umapuma kudzera muzovala za chigoba, koma amatsegula panthawi yopuma kuti mpweya utuluke mosavuta.

Masks ovala mavavu sagwira ntchito kuteteza ena ku matenda omwe angakhalepo chifukwa mpweya wotuluka umatuluka osasefedwa. Choncho, si oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu odwala kapena akuwakayikira pofuna kuteteza chilengedwe. Komabe, amateteza thanzi la mwiniwakeyo kuti asapumedwe ndi fumbi ndi aerosol, zomwe zimatha kunyamula majeremusi.

Masks a FFP nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, olembedwa ndi chodutsa 2 kapena zilembo N kapena NR (ntchito imodzi), komanso amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, pomwe amalembedwa ndi chilembo R (chogwiritsidwanso ntchito). Chongani izi pa chizindikiro cha mankhwala. Kumbukirani kuvala chigoba chokhacho panthawi yomwe wopanga adatchula, ndikuyikamo yatsopano - ikatha nthawi iyi, zosefera zimawonongeka ndipo sitikutsimikiziridwa kuti chigoba chatsopano chingapereke.

Masks okhala ndi zosefera zosinthika P1, P2 kapena P3

Mtundu wina wa masks ndi masks kapena masks theka opangidwa ndi pulasitiki wosalowa mpweya koma wokhala ndi zosefera zosinthidwa. Chigoba choterechi, chokhala ndi m'malo moyenera fyuluta, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Masks ndi zosefera izi zimayesedwa mofanana ndi masks a FFP ndipo amalembedwa P1, P2 kapena P3. Kukwera kwa chiwerengerocho, kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa kusefa, i.e. chigoba chothandiza. Mulingo woyenera wa zosefera P1 ndi 80% (amatha kudutsa mpaka 20% ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta aerosol ndi mainchesi a 300 nm), zosefera za P2 - 94%, zosefera za P3 - 99,95%. Ngati mukusankha chigoba chifukwa cha malamulo a coronavirus, ndiye ngati masks okhala ndi fyuluta, fufuzani kuti alibe valavu yomwe imatsegulidwa potulutsa mpweya. Ngati chigoba chili ndi valavu yotere, zikutanthauza kuti imateteza mwiniwakeyo, osati ena.

Masks azachipatala - "masks opangira opaleshoni"

Masks azachipatala amavalidwa ndi ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo tsiku lililonse. Amapangidwa kuti ateteze wodwala kuti asaipitsidwe ndi ogwira ntchito, komanso kuteteza ogwira ntchito ku matenda ndi madontho opangidwa ndi mpweya kuchokera kwa wodwalayo. Pazifukwa izi, masks azachipatala amayesedwa ngati kutayikira kwa bakiteriya komanso kutayikira - lingaliro loti ngati litawazidwa ndi madzi omwe amatha kupatsirana - malovu, magazi kapena zotulutsa zina - nkhope ya dokotala imatetezedwa. Masks azachipatala ndi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha ndipo amayenera kutayidwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zigawo zitatu - wosanjikiza wakunja, wa hydrophobic (wopanda madzi), wapakati - kusefa ndi wamkati - wopereka chitonthozo chogwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri sizimakwanira kumaso, chifukwa chake sizimateteza ku ma aerosols ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa, koma kungokhudzana ndi madontho akulu akulu omwe amatha kuwaza kumaso.

Zolemba - ndi chigoba chiti chomwe mungasankhe?

Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti palibe chigoba chingatipatse chitetezo cha XNUMX%, chingachepetse chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi majeremusi. Kuchita bwino kwa chigoba kumadalira makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso kusinthidwa panthawi yake, komanso kutsatira malamulo ena aukhondo - kusamba ndi kupopera tizilombo m'manja, osakhudza nkhope, etc. Muyeneranso kuganizira cholinga chomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chigobacho - kapena kudziteteza kapena kuteteza ena ngati ifeyo tatenga kachilomboka. 

Masks a FFP - amasefa ma aerosols ndi fumbi, kotero amatha kuteteza ku mabakiteriya ndi ma virus omwe ayimitsidwa mu tinthu tating'ono. Ngati timasamala za chitetezo chabwino cha kupuma kwathu, ndi bwino kusankha chigoba cha FFP2 kapena chigoba chokhala ndi fyuluta ya P2 (kugwiritsa ntchito masks a FFP3 kumalimbikitsidwa paziopsezo, osati tsiku lililonse. amamva bwino kuvala chigoba choterocho, mutha kuchigwiritsa ntchito). Komabe, kumbukirani kuti zosefera za chigoba zikakhala bwino, zimakulitsa kukana kupuma, kotero yankholi lingakhale lovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu, COPD kapena matenda ena am'mapapo. Masks okhala ndi ma valve otulutsa mpweya samateteza ena. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kuteteza ena, ndi bwino kusankha FFP chigoba popanda valavu. Kuchita bwino kwa chigoba kumadalira kusintha kwa nkhope ndikutsatira nthawi ndi mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito.

Masks azachipatala - amateteza ku madontho akumwa polankhula, kutsokomola kapena kuyetsemula. Sakwanira kumaso, motero amakhala osavuta kuvala kuposa masks a FFP. Amakhalanso otsika mtengo kuposa masks apadera a FFP. Ndiwo yankho lachilengedwe pazochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku mukafunika kutseka pakamwa ndi mphuno. Ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi ndikusintha ndi atsopano.

Masks ena samayesedwa, amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, kotero sizikudziwika kuti ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono ati amateteza komanso mpaka pati. Zimatengera zinthu za chigoba ndi zina zambiri. Kuganiza bwino kungawonetse kuti nsalu zotere kapena masks osalukidwa amateteza ku kudontha kwamalovu akulu polankhula, kutsokomola ndi kuyetsemula. Ndizotsika mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kupuma kuposa FFP kapena masks azachipatala. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito chigoba chansalu chogwiritsidwanso ntchito, chiyenera kutsukidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu pambuyo pa ntchito iliyonse.

Momwe mungavalire chigoba kapena chigoba choteteza?

• Werengani ndikutsatira malangizo a wopanga chigoba.
• Sambani kapena yeretsani manja anu musanavale chigoba.
• Gwirizanani bwino ndi nkhope yanu kuti musatayike. Tsitsi lakumaso limachepetsa kuthekera kwa chigoba kuti chigwirizane bwino.
• Ngati mumavala magalasi, tcherani khutu ku zoyenera kuzungulira mphuno zanu kuti magalasi asamatseke.
• Osagwira chigoba mutavala.
• Chotsani chigobacho ndi zotanuka kapena zomangira osakhudza kutsogolo.
• Ngati chigobacho ndi chotayidwa, chitaya mukachigwiritsa ntchito. Ngati itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, perekani mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena muwasambitse molingana ndi zomwe wopanga wapanga musanagwiritse ntchito.
• Sinthani chigoba chikakhala chonyowa, chodetsedwa, kapena ngati mukuwona kuti khalidwe lake lasokonekera (mwachitsanzo, kupuma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa poyamba).

Zolemba zina zofananira zitha kupezeka pa AvtoTachki Pasje. Magazini yapaintaneti pagawo la Maphunziro.

Nkhani zamalemba

1. Central Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BHP) - COMMUNICATION #1 pa kuyezetsa ndi kuwunika kogwirizana kwa chitetezo cha kupuma, zovala zodzitchinjiriza, chitetezo cha maso ndi nkhope popewa kufalikira kwa COVID-19. Ulalo: https://m.ciop.pl/CIOPPortalWAR/file/89576/2020032052417&COVID-badania-srodkow-ochrony-ind-w-CIOP-PIB-Komunikat-pdf (yofikira 03.03.2021).
2. Zambiri zamalamulo okhudza masks azachipatala - http://www.wyrobmedyczny.info/maseczki-medyczne/ (Yofikira: 03.03.2021).

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