Mafuta amafuta

Mu injini yoyaka mkati, pali ubale wapamtima pakati pa kapangidwe kake, mtundu wamafuta ndi mtundu wamafuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyenera.

Mu injini yoyaka mkati, pali ubale wapamtima pakati pa kapangidwe kake, mtundu wamafuta ndi mtundu wamafuta. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta olondola pagalimoto yanu ndikusintha pafupipafupi. Imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika kwambiri.

 

Mafuta amachepetsa kukangana mu injini, amachepetsa kuvala kwa mphete, ma pistoni, masilindala ndi mayendedwe a crankshaft. Kachiwiri, imasindikiza danga pakati pa pisitoni, mphete ndi cylinder liner, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kwakukulu mu silinda. Chachitatu, mafuta ndiye njira yokhayo yozizira ya ma pistoni, ma bere a crankshaft ndi ma camshafts. Mafuta a injini ayenera kukhala ndi kachulukidwe koyenera komanso kukhuthala kosiyanasiyana kuti afike pamalo onse opaka mafuta mwachangu poyambira kuzizira. Pogwira ntchito ya injini yoyaka mkati, pali ubale wapamtima pakati pa kapangidwe kake, mtundu wamafuta ndi mtundu wamafuta. Pamene katundu ndi kachulukidwe ka mphamvu zamainjini zikuchulukirachulukira, mafuta opaka mafuta akusinthidwa pafupipafupi.

WERENGANISO

Kusintha mafuta liti?

Mafuta mu injini yanu

Kodi kufananiza mafuta?

Kuyerekezera zinthu zingapo pamsika ndizotheka ngati magulu oyenerera agwiritsidwa ntchito. Gulu la SAE viscosity limadziwika bwino. Pali magulu asanu a mafuta a chilimwe ndi magulu asanu ndi limodzi a mafuta achisanu. Pakalipano, mafuta ambiri amapangidwa omwe ali ndi viscosity katundu wa mafuta achisanu ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa mafuta a chilimwe. Chizindikiro chawo chimakhala ndi manambala awiri olekanitsidwa ndi "W", monga 5 W-40. Kuchokera pamagulu ndi zilembo, mfundo yothandiza ingathe kufotokozedwa: chiwerengero chocheperako chisanafike chilembo "W", mafuta ochepa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kochepa. Kukwera kwa nambala yachiwiri, kumapangitsanso kutentha kozungulira kumakhala komwe sikutaya katundu wake. Mu nyengo yathu, mafuta kalasi 10W-40 ndi abwino.

Magulu amafuta ndi mtundu wawo si otchuka komanso othandiza kwambiri. Popeza mapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a injini zaku America ndizosiyana ndi zaku Europe, magulu awiri a API ndi ACEA apangidwa. M'gulu la America, mtundu wamafuta a injini zoyatsira moto amalembedwa ndi zilembo ziwiri. Choyamba ndi chilembo S, chachiwiri ndi chilembo chotsatira cha zilembo kuchokera ku A mpaka L. Mpaka pano, mafuta okhala ndi chizindikiro cha SL ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

Ubwino wa mafuta a injini ya dizilo umatanthauzidwanso ndi zilembo ziwiri, yoyamba ndi C, yotsatiridwa ndi zilembo zotsatiridwa, mwachitsanzo, CC, CD, CE ndi CF.

Gulu labwino la mafuta limatsimikizira kuyenerera kwake kuyika injini yamafuta amtundu winawake pansi pazikhalidwe zinazake.

Opanga injini ena apanga mapulogalamu awoawo ofufuza omwe amayesa mafuta kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'makina awo opangira magetsi. Malingaliro amafuta a injini aperekedwa ndi makampani monga Volkswagen, Mercedes, MAN ndi Volvo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa eni ake amtundu wamagalimoto awa.

Ndi mafuta ati omwe mungasankhe?

Pali mitundu itatu yamafuta amgalimoto pamsika: mineral, semisynthetic and synthetic. Mafuta opangira, ngakhale okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mafuta amchere, ali ndi zabwino zambiri. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa injini, zimagonjetsedwa ndi ukalamba, zimakhala ndi mafuta abwino, ndipo zina zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Monga lamulo, amapangidwira kuti azipaka injini zothamanga kwambiri. Pakati pa mafuta opangira mafuta, pali gulu lamafuta omwe amapulumutsa 1,5 mpaka 3,9 peresenti yamafuta poyerekeza ndi kuyendetsa injini pamafuta a SAE 20W-30. Mafuta opangira mafuta sasinthana ndi mafuta amchere.

 

Buku la galimoto iliyonse lili ndi zofunikira zokhudzana ndi mafuta omwe amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza poto yamafuta amagetsi. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti opanga ma automaker ena akhala akukonda opanga mafuta a petrochemical kwa zaka zambiri, monga Citroen yolumikizidwa ndi Total, Renault imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Elf, ndi injini zodzaza za Ford ndi mafuta amtundu wa Ford. , ndi Fiat ndi mafuta a Selenia.

Posankha kugula mafuta ena osati omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano, musadzaze injiniyo ndi mafuta otsika kwambiri kuposa momwe wopanga amapangira. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, mafuta amtundu wa SD sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mafuta a SH. N'zotheka, ngakhale kuti palibe zifukwa zachuma, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Mafuta opangira sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini apamwamba kwambiri. Amakhala ndi zida zotsukira zomwe zimasungunula ma depositi mu injini, zimatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwa gawo loyendetsa, kutsekereza mizere yamafuta ndikuwononga.

Kodi msika ukuchita bwanji?

Kwa zaka zingapo tsopano, kuchuluka kwa mafuta opangira mafuta akuchulukirachulukira, pomwe gawo lamafuta amchere lakhala likucheperachepera. Komabe, mafuta amchere amawerengerabe kuposa 40 peresenti yamafuta amagalimoto ogulidwa. Mafuta amagulidwa makamaka m'malo ogulitsira mafuta, malo opangira mafuta ndi malo ogulitsa magalimoto, nthawi zambiri m'masitolo akuluakulu. Kusankha kwamtundu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtengo, kutsatiridwa ndi malingaliro omwe ali mu bukhu lamagalimoto ndi upangiri wa makina amagalimoto. Mchitidwe wochepetsera mtengo ukuwonekeranso m'masinthidwe amafuta. Monga kale, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ogwiritsa ntchito galimoto amasintha okha mafuta.

General malamulo ntchito mafuta a makalasi payekha.

Spark poyatsira injini

Gawo SE	Mafuta okhala ndi zowonjezera zopangira injini za 1972-80.
Gawo la SF	Mafuta okhala ndi zowonjezera zambiri zopangira injini za 1980-90.
Gawo SG	mafuta osinthira othandizira, opangidwa pambuyo pa 1990.
CX, makalasi a SJ	mafuta a injini zothamanga kwambiri zama valve ambiri, mafuta opulumutsa mphamvu.

Injini zamafuta

CD class	mafuta am'mlengalenga ndi turbocharged injini zakale.
kalasi SE	mafuta a injini zolemetsa, opangidwa pambuyo pa 1983
CF class	mafuta a injini zothamanga kwambiri okhala ndi chosinthira chothandizira, chopangidwa pambuyo pa 1990

Mitengo yamalonda yamitundu ina yamafuta muzotengera za lita imodzi.

BP Visco 2000 15W-40	17,59 zł
BP Visco 3000 10W-40	22,59 zł
BP Visco 5000 5 W-40	32,59 zł
Chithunzi cha GTX 15W-40	21,99 zł
Castrol GTX 3 Tetezani 15W-40	29,99 zł
Castrol GTX Magnatec 10W-40	34,99 zł
Castrol GTX Magnatec 5W-40	48,99 zł
Castrol Fomula RS 0W-40	52,99 zł