Mafuta a makina. Chifukwa chiyani ikucheperachepera?
Opanga magalimoto amazindikira kuchuluka kwamafuta ovomerezeka kutengera mayeso ndi maphunziro ambiri. Komabe, injini zina zimatha kudya mafuta ambiri, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri. Opanga akulitsa kwambiri malire a chitetezo pankhaniyi, koma chilichonse chili ndi malire ake. Kodi zomwe zingayambitse mafuta ambiri ndi chiyani? Kodi malire omwe tawatchulawa ali kuti?
Zifukwa za kuchepa kwa mafuta ndi kutayikira mu turbocharger kapena mizere yotsekeka yamafuta, yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira lamafuta. Izi zikachitika, mafutawo nthawi zambiri amalowa mwachindunji m'malo opangira chakudya komanso zipinda zoyaka. Zikafika poipa, injini dizilo ndi zopunduka woteroyo akhoza kuvutika ndi chiyambi chosalamulirika injini, mwachitsanzo, mowiriza kuyaka kwa injini mafuta (otchedwa "mathamangitsidwe"). Mwamwayi, zolephera zoterezi ndizosowa kwambiri masiku ano, chifukwa injini zambiri zimakhala ndi zida zapadera zochepetsera. Amadula mpweya wopita ku injiniyo, kuletsa kuyaka kodzidzimutsa.
"Chifukwa china chomwe mafuta amachepetsa ndikuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma pistoni ndi mphete za pistoni. Mphetezo zimasindikiza chipinda choyaka moto ndikuchilekanitsa ndi crankcase. Amachotsanso mafuta ochulukirapo pamakoma a silinda. Zikawonongeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumatha kuchulukirachulukira chifukwa mphete sizimatha kugwira ntchito yake moyenera. Mafuta otsala pamakoma a silinda adzawotcha pang'ono. Komanso kumawonjezera kuwononga mafuta ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu, monga injini sadzatha kusunga psinjika kokwanira,” anatero Andrzej Gusiatinsky, Technical Manager wa TOTAL Polska.
Mpweya wa carbon umachokera ku mafuta oyaka pang'onopang'ono umawononga mutu wa silinda, ndiko kuti, ma valve, maupangiri ndi zisindikizo. Ngati injini nthawi zonse imakhala ndi kutsika kwamafuta ochepa, zovuta za kutentha kwamafuta monga kutenthedwa kwa injini, kunyamula, khoma la silinda kapena mphete zotsekeka za pistoni zimatha kuchitika. Mafuta ochulukirapo mu injini amathanso kuwononga chosinthira chothandizira komanso kafukufuku wa lambda.
Nthawi zina kuganiza kuti injini yathu "idya mafuta" ikhoza kukhala yolakwika. Kutsika kwa mlingo wa mafuta pa geji kungayambitsidwe ndi kutayikira, komwe kuli koopsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kwa injini zokhala ndi nthawi. Unyolo ndi ma tensioners omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini amatha kuonongeka chifukwa chosakwanira mafuta. Kuti mupeze kutayikira, yambani ndikuyang'ana zomangira, ma gaskets, ma hose osinthika kapena labala, zomangira ngati tcheni chanthawi, turbocharger, ndi malo ena osadziwika bwino monga pulagi ya sump drain.
Chifukwa china chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mafuta azitsika kwambiri angakhale kulephera kwa mpope wa jakisoni. Ngati pampu yatenthedwa ndi mafuta a injini, kulephera kwa mpope kungayambitse mafuta kulowa mumafuta ndikulowa m'zipinda zoyaka. Mafuta ochuluka mu chipinda choyaka moto adzakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoipa pa fyuluta particulate (ngati galimoto ali). Owonjezera mafuta mu kuyaka chipinda kumawonjezera umuna wa zoipa sulphated phulusa. Mafuta apadera otsika phulusa (mwachitsanzo, TOTAL Quartz 9000 5W30) apangidwira magalimoto okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, omwe amachepetsa mapangidwe a phulusa pansi pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino.
Onaninso: ngongole yamagalimoto. Zimadalira bwanji zomwe mwapereka?
Kodi tingadziwe bwanji ngati injini yathu ikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo? Yankho la funsoli silidziwika. Opanga akulitsa kwambiri malire amafuta ovomerezeka - osachepera mu malangizo awo. Kwa injini za 1.4 TSI Volkswagen zimaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta okwana 1 lita / 1000 Km. Izi ndichifukwa choti injini zamakono ndi zigawo zake, ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, sikuli koyenera kukonza. Kuonjezera mafuta a injini pakati pa kusintha kwa mafuta nthawi ndi nthawi ndikwabwinobwino komanso koyenera mwaukadaulo.
Zonse zimadalira mtundu ndi chikhalidwe cha injini ndi malire omwe amaperekedwa ndi wopanga galimotoyo. Wopangayo adaphatikizanso malangizo mwatsatanetsatane m'buku la eni ake, poganizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumatha kufika pamlingo wina malinga ndi momwe galimotoyo ikugwirira ntchito. Pokhapokha ngati malirewo apyola pamene injiniyo iyenera kukonzedwa ndi kusinthidwa zina zosokonekera.
"Kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta, ngati sikunayambitsidwe ndi kutayikira kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina mu ndodo yolumikizira ndi pistoni, zimatengera momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito. Ngati timayendetsa m’madera amapiri kapena pa liwiro lalikulu m’misewu imene imaika injini ya nkhawa kwambiri, n’zosadabwitsa kuti kuwonjezereka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta amafuta. Ndizomveka kuyang'ana mulingo wamafuta musanayambe komanso pambuyo paulendo uliwonse. Ndikoyenera kukhala ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mafuta. "Kubwezeretsanso" chifukwa simudziwa komwe tidzagwiritse ntchito komanso liti. Andrzej Husyatinsky mwachidule.
Werenganinso: Kuyesa Volkswagen Polo
