malo osungiramo magalimoto pamene akuwotcha

Ndi vuto pamene malo osungiramo magalimoto pamene akuwotcha onse dalaivala wa carburetor ndi jekeseni galimoto akhoza kugundana. Kusweka koteroko, kuwonjezera pa kusokoneza, kungayambitsenso ngozi. Kupatula apo, galimotoyo imatha kuyimilira osati panthawi yoboola kwambiri, komanso potembenuka kapena kutsogolo kwa chopinga. Nthawi zambiri, madalaivala amagalimoto okhala ndi carburetor amakumana ndi vuto lotere. Komabe, magalimoto amakono a jakisoni satetezedwa ku zovuta zotere. Zifukwa zomwe injini yoyaka mkati imatha kuyimilira pokanikizira chopondapo cha brake Pakhoza kukhala zingapo - zowonongeka pakugwira ntchito kwa vacuum brake booster, depressurization ya payipi yake, mavuto ndi pampu yamafuta kapena sensa yothamanga (ya jekeseni). Muzinthu izi tidzakupatsirani zofunikira, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukonza zowonongeka nokha. Koma mukhoza kuwulula chifukwa chenicheni cha kuwonongeka kokha pambuyo poyendera ndi mwatsatanetsatane diagnostics galimoto.

Nthawi zambiri, kuwonongeka kotereku kukuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma brake system, kotero sitikulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yanu mpaka nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa. Izi zidzakutetezani kuti musapange ngozi m'misewu.

Zifukwa zazikulu

Ngati injini yoyaka mkati mwagalimoto yanu imatsika mukamagwira mabuleki, ndiye kuti pangakhale zifukwa zambiri za izi. Komabe, zazikulu ndi izi:

• kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya vacuum brake booster;
• depressurization ya payipi ya VUT;
• mavuto pakugwira ntchito kwa pampu yamafuta;
• kuwonongeka kwa sensor liwiro lopanda ntchito (kwa injini za jakisoni);
• ntchito yolakwika ya galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto (ngati yaikidwa).

palinso zifukwa zina zingapo, zosafala, zomwe tikambirananso pansipa. Ndiye tiyeni tiyambe mwadongosolo.

Depressurization ya VUT kapena payipi yake

Vacuum brake booster (yofupikitsidwa ngati VUT) imathandizira kuchepetsa kuyesetsa komwe dalaivala amapanga pokanikizira chopondapo. Ili pakati pa master brake cylinder and said pedal. Ntchito yake imalumikizidwa ndi njira zambiri zolowera, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi payipi ya vacuum. Tidzawonanso ntchito yake pambuyo pake. Mapangidwe a VUT, kuphatikiza pazinthu zina, amaphatikizanso nembanemba. Ngati yawonongeka kapena siyikuyenda bwino, izi zitha kukhala chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe imayimilira pobowoleza.

mwachitsanzo, mukakakamiza kwambiri chopondapo chopondapo, nembanemba yolakwika ilibe nthawi yopanga vacuum, chifukwa chake gawo la mpweya mu ma brake system. amalowa mafuta osakaniza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake injini imayimilira pamene ikuphulika.

Kusweka koteroko kungadziwike mosavuta nokha. Algorithm yotsatirayi iyenera kutsatiridwa:

• kuzimitsa injini yoyaka mkati mwagalimoto (ngati idagwira ntchito kale);
• kangapo (4 ... 5) akanikizire ndikumasula chopondapo (poyamba chiwombankhanga chidzakhala "chofewa", ndiyeno kugunda kumakhala "kolimba");
• sungani chopondapo pansi ndi phazi lanu;
• kuyambitsa injini kuyaka mkati;
• ngati pa nthawi yoyambira injini yoyaka moto, pedal "inalephera", ndiye kuti zonse zili mu dongosolo la "vacuum tank" ndi dongosolo lonse, ngati lidakalipo, muyenera kuyang'ana mavuto.

Kuwona ntchito ya VUT

komanso njira imodzi:

• injini yoyaka mkati ikagwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kanikizani chopondapo;
• kutsekereza injini yoyaka moto mkati;
• sungani pedal yokhumudwa kwa masekondi pafupifupi 30;
• ngati panthawiyi pedal sichiyesa kukwera ndipo sichikutsutsa phazi, ndiye kuti zonse ziri mu dongosolo ndi VUT ndi dongosolo lonse.

kawirikawiri, vacuum chilimbikitso si anakonza, koma kusintha kwathunthu, pokhapokha nthawi zina kukonzanso kumatheka, koma si mbuye aliyense amene angapange. Ndipo sikoyenera kwa galimoto iliyonse kukonza koteroko. Chifukwa chake, pakalephera VUT, timalimbikitsabe kuti musinthe.

Komanso chifukwa chimodzi chomwe galimoto imayimilira pamene ikuyendetsa galimoto payipi depressurization, yomwe imagwirizanitsa chowonjezera cha vacuum brake ndi kuchuluka kwa kudya. Zotsirizirazi zimatsimikizira kupangidwa kolondola kwa kusakaniza kwa mpweya-mafuta, omwe amadyetsedwa mowonjezereka mu injini yoyaka mkati. Ngati payipi iyamba kulola mpweya wa mumlengalenga, kusakaniza kumakhala kowonda kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe injini yoyatsira mkati imataya liwiro komanso ngakhale malo ogulitsira ngati chopondapo chikanikizidwa kwambiri.

Mutha kuyang'ana kukhulupirika kwa payipi nokha pogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana kowonekera. mukhozanso kulumikiza izo pa vacuum booster. ndiye yambani injini ndikumangirira dzenje la payipi yochotsedwa ndi chala chanu. Ngati ndi zolimba, ndiye injini kuyaka mkati basi kuonjezera liwiro, ndipo pambuyo kuchotsa chala, izo kuwatsitsa kachiwiri. Ngati payipi idutsa mpweya wa mumlengalenga, injini yoyaka mkati idzagwira ntchito mofulumira nthawi zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi.

Onani VUT

Kumapeto kwa payipi yomwe imalumikiza ndi amplifier, vacuum valve anaika. Poyang'ana payipi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe imagwirira ntchito, kuti musalole mpweya kudutsa. Apo ayi, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Ndiko kuti, ntchito zonse zimatsikira pakupeza kutulutsa mpweya komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika kwadongosolo.

Komanso njira imodzi yodziwira kusokonekera kwa VUT ndi "kumvera" ngati mpweya umatulutsa mpweya. Imatha kutuluka kupita kumalo okwera anthu, kuchokera pa tsinde la brake pedal kapena kupita kuchipinda cha injini. Pachiyambi choyamba, njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa mwaokha, kachiwiri - mothandizidwa ndi wothandizira. Munthu m'modzi amakankha chopondapo, wachiwiri amamvera kulira kwa VUT kapena payipi yake. Njira yosavuta yodziwira kuwonongeka kwa chotsukira chotsuka ndi kukhudza tactile. Ngati imalola kuti mpweya udutse, ndiye kuti chopondapo chimagwira ntchito molimbika, ndipo kuti mukanikize, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri.

Pachifukwa ichi, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina omwe ali ndi vuto la brake booster.

Chifukwa chake ndi pampu ya gasi ndi fyuluta yamafuta

Komanso nthawi zina pamakhala vuto pamene galimoto imayima pamene ikugwira gasi. Chifukwa chimodzi chitha kukhala cholakwika. pampu yamafuta kapena fyuluta yotsekeka yamafuta. Pankhaniyi, vuto likhoza kukhudza magalimoto okhala ndi carburetor ndi jakisoni ICE.

Mukhoza kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa fyuluta nokha. Komabe, kokha ngati muli ndi galimoto ya carbureted. Mtundu uliwonse wagalimoto uli ndi malo osiyana a fyuluta, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala m'dera la tanki yamafuta. Kuti mudziwe matenda, muyenera kuchipeza ndikuyang'ana kuipitsidwa. Kapena ngati ili nthawi yosinthira (ndi mileage) - ndibwino nthawi yomweyo sinthani izo. Kwa makina a jakisoni, fyulutayo iyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake owoneka sangathe.

M'magalimoto a jakisoni, panthawi ya braking, ECU imapereka lamulo kuti musapereke mafuta ku dongosolo. Komabe, mukayambiranso ntchito, ngati pampu yamafuta ili ndi vuto, mavuto angabwere ndikupereka. Ngati fyuluta yamafuta yatsekedwa, ndiye kuti pampu yamafuta ilibe mphamvu zokwanira kuti ipereke mafuta ofunikira ku injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe imayambitsa kutayika. Dziwani kuwonongeka kwa mpope wamafuta pa injini ya jakisoni zitha kuchitika poyang'ana kuthamanga kwa mzere wamafuta ndi choyezera kuthamanga. Mungapeze mavoti kupanikizika mu Buku la galimoto yanu.

Ngati muli injini yoyaka moto ya carburetor, ndiye kuti muwone, tsatirani ma aligorivimu pansipa:

• Lumikizani payipi yotulutsira mafuta papopo (chotsani zikhomo).
• Yesani kuyatsa pampu pogwiritsa ntchito lever yoyambira pampu.
• Ngati zili bwino, ndiye kuti mafuta ayenera kutuluka mu dzenje (samalani poyang'ana, kuti musadzidetse nokha komanso kuti musadzaze injini ndi mafuta). Kupanda kutero, mpope uyenera kuthetsedwa kuti udziwe zambiri.
• chotsatira muyenera kuyang'ana kuthamanga kuyamwa pa polowera mafuta mpope. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani payipi yoyamwa, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito lever yomwe tatchulayi kuti muyambe kupopera, mutatseka cholowera ndi chala chanu. Ndi pampu yogwira ntchito, vacuum idzapangidwa pamalo ake olowera, omwe mungamve. Ngati palibe, mpope ndi wolakwika, uyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuzindikiridwanso.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka, mutha kukonza pampu yamafuta. Ngati sichingakonzedwe, muyenera kugula ndikuyika yatsopano.

Ngati sensor yothamanga yopanda ntchito ndiyolakwika

Sensor yothamanga yopanda ntchito idapangidwa kuti isamutse injini yoyaka mkati kuti ikhale yopanda ntchito, komanso kuti ipitilize kuthamanga kwake. Kukanika kulephera, injini yoyaka mkati imataya liwiro lake ndikungoyimitsa. Kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwake ndikosavuta. Izi zitha kumveka kuchokera Kuthamanga kwa injini "yoyandama" popanda ntchito. Izi zimakhala zogwira ntchito mukanikizira mwamphamvu ndikumasula chopondapo chothamangitsira.

Kuti muzindikire chipangizocho, mufunika multimeter yomwe imayesa magetsi a DC. Chinthu choyamba ndikuyang'ana dera lake lolamulira. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani ndikuchotsa sensor. Pambuyo pake, timagwirizanitsa kukhudzana kumodzi kwa voltmeter pansi (thupi) la galimoto, ndipo yachiwiri ku malo osungiramo katundu mu chipika (pa galimoto iliyonse, ma terminals awa angakhale osiyana, kotero muyenera kuphunzira kaye kayendedwe ka magetsi a galimoto). Mwachitsanzo, pa galimoto VAZ 2114 muyenera kulumikiza woyesa ku ma terminals A ndi D pa block. kenako yatsani choyatsira ndikuwona zomwe woyesa akuwonetsa. Mpweya uyenera kukhala wozungulira 12 V. Ngati palibe magetsi, dera loyendetsa sensa kuchokera pa kompyuta ndilowonongeka kwambiri. Itha kukhalanso cholakwika cha ECU. Ngati dera liri bwino, pitilizani kuyang'ana sensor yokha.

Kuti muchite izi, pogwiritsa ntchito tester, muyenera kuyang'ana kukana kwa ma windings amkati a sensa. Apanso, kutengera kapangidwe kake, muyenera kulumikizana ndi olumikizana osiyanasiyana. Momwemonso VAZ 2114 muyenera kuyang'ana kukana pakati pa ma terminal A ndi B, C ndi D. Mtengo wake uyenera kukhala 53 ohms. Pambuyo pake, yang'anani kutsutsa pakati pa A ndi C, B ndi D. Pano kutsutsa kuyenera kukhala kosatha. Tsoka ilo, sensa siyingakonzedwe, imangofunika kusinthidwa.

Schema RHH VAZ 2114

Malo osungira pamene akuwotcha gasi

Ngati galimoto yanu adayika HBO popanda gawo lake lamagetsi (chomwe ndi, m'badwo wachiwiri), ndiye chomwe chingakhale chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito injini yoyaka mkati chikhoza kukhala gearbox yosinthidwa molakwika. Mwachitsanzo, izi zitha kuchitika mothamanga kwambiri mukamakanikizira chopondapo ndikutulutsa mpweya. Pankhaniyi, throttle imatsekedwa, ndipo kutuluka kwa mpweya ukubwera kumatsamira kusakaniza. Chotsatira chake, makina otsekemera a mpweya wochepetsera mpweya amapereka mpweya wochepa wa gasi popanda ntchito, ndipo kutuluka kwa mpweya komwe kukubwera kumawononganso kwambiri. Mutha kukonza vutoli pokonzanso bokosi la gear kuti likhale lopanda ntchito, kuti makinawo azipereka mpweya wochulukirapo.

Simuyenera kusunga pamafuta mukamagwiritsa ntchito HBO popanda zamagetsi. Izi zadzaza ndi kutenthedwa kwa ma valve ndi kutenthedwa kwa mutu chifukwa chakuti padzakhala mpweya wambiri mu osakaniza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuwonjezereka.

komanso chifukwa chimodzi chotheka cha zomwe tafotokozazi m'magalimoto okhala ndi LPG ndi fyuluta yotsekeka pa valavu ya solenoid (komabe, sichipezeka pazoyika zonse). Kuti mukonze vutoli, muyenera kuyeretsa kapena kusintha. Ngati pali kusintha kwa malo "chilimwe" ndi "dzinja", fyulutayo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi nyengo. Apo ayi, kutuluka kwa mpweya komwe kukubwera kungathenso kutsamira kusakaniza.

Zifukwa zina

komanso chifukwa chimodzi zotheka chifukwa galimoto m'misika pamene braking angakhale valavu ya throttle yatsekedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika kwambiri, omwe amapezeka m'malo opangira mafuta apanyumba. Chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwake, damper sangathe kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga kusakaniza koyenera kwamafuta a mpweya, chifukwa chake kumakhala kolemera kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa msonkhano wa throttle ndikuuyeretsa ndi kutsukidwa kwa carburetor.

Mu jakisoni ICEs, zifukwa zoyimitsa ICE panthawi ya braking zitha kukhala "kuwotcha" nozzles. Pa mabuleki olemetsa, alibe nthawi yotseka kwathunthu, chifukwa chake makandulo amadzazidwa ndi mafuta komanso malo opangira injini zoyatsira mkati. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyeretsa jekeseni. Izi zikhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana - mothandizidwa ndi kuyeretsa zowonjezera, kuzichotsa ndi kuzitsuka mu kusamba kwa akupanga. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kupereka njira zoterezi kwa ambuye pa siteshoni ya utumiki.

Osagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zoyeretsera ngati muli ndi fyuluta yotsekeka yamafuta. Yang'anani kaye momwe ilili. Kupanda kutero, zowonjezerazo zidzafewetsa zinyalala mu fyuluta ndikufalikira mu dongosolo lonse, pambuyo pake padzakhala kofunikira kuchita kuyeretsa kwake kwathunthu.

Pamene galimoto imayamba kuyimilira pamene ikuphulika, muyenera kuyang'ana kukhulupirika kwa mawaya okwera kwambiri. muyenera kuyang'ananso khalidwe la kukhudzana pa waya zoipa kuchokera batire pansi. Ndibwino kuyang'ana ma spark plugs anu. muyenera kudziwanso kuti ngati mabatire sakulumikizana bwino, ndiye mukanikizira chopondapo, injini yoyaka mkati imayima. Choncho, fufuzani kulankhula. Komabe, izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsimikizira. zolakwika pakugwira ntchito kwa kompyuta ndizothekanso, koma ziyenera kufufuzidwa pautumiki ndi diagnostics kompyuta.

Zifukwa zodziwika bwino zomwe zimatha kuyimilira pochita braking

Pomaliza

Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chomwe galimoto imayimilira pamene ikugwira ntchito ndi kuwonongeka kwa "vacuum". Choncho, matenda ayenera kuyamba ndi kutsimikizira kwake. Ngakhale Zowonadi, pangakhale zifukwa zambiri zavutoli. Ngati mutatsatira malingaliro athu, koma chifukwa cha macheke simunapeze chifukwa chake, tikukulangizani kuti mupeze thandizo kwa ambuye pa siteshoni yothandizira. Iwo adzachita matenda athunthu a galimoto ndi kukonza.