Chizindikiro cha gudumu lagalimoto
Zamkatimu
Chimbale chodetsa mawilo makina amagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri - muyezo ndi zina. Muyezowu umaphatikizapo zambiri za m'lifupi mwake, mtundu wa m'mphepete mwake, kung'ambika kwa mkombero, kutalika kwa m'mimba mwake, ma protrusions a annular, offset, ndi zina zotero.
Ponena za chizindikiro chowonjezera, chimaphatikizapo chidziwitso cha katundu wovomerezeka kwambiri, kuthamanga kwakukulu kovomerezeka mu tayala, chidziwitso cha njira zopangira diski, chidziwitso cha certification yapadziko lonse ya diski inayake. Komabe, si nthiti iliyonse yamakina idzakhala ndi zonse zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa. Zogulitsa zambiri zimangowonetsa zina mwazomwe zalembedwa.
Zolemba zanu zili kuti
Ponena za malo omwe amalembedwa pa mawilo a aloyi, nthawi zambiri chidziwitsocho chimawonetsedwa osati ngati chitsulo kuzungulira kuzungulira, koma pa spokes kapena kunja pakati pawo (m’malo mwa mabowo okwera pa gudumu). Zonse zimadalira mapangidwe a disk inayake. Kawirikawiri, zolembedwazo zimakhala mkati mwa gudumu spokes. Pafupi ndi kuzungulira kwa dzenje la nati, pakati pa mabowo a mabawuti a magudumu, chidziwitso china chosiyana chimayikidwa chokhudzana ndi kukula kwa disk ndi chidziwitso chake chaukadaulo.
Pazimbale zosindikizidwa, chizindikirocho chimakongoletsedwa pamwamba kuchokera mkati kapena kunja. Pali mitundu iwiri ya ntchito. Yoyamba ndi pamene zolemba zaumwini zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo apakati pakati pa mabowo okwera a disks. Mu mtundu wina, chidziwitsocho chimangowonetsedwa m'mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwake pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwake. Pamagalimoto otsika mtengo, njira yachiwiri ndiyofala kwambiri.
Chizindikiro chofananira cha marimu
Kulemba zimbale zamagalimoto
Posankha zida zatsopano, madalaivala ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi mfundo yakuti sadziwa kumasulira kwazitsulo, ndipo, motero, sakudziwa kuti ndi ati omwe ali oyenera galimoto inayake ndi yomwe siili.
Pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, Malamulo a UNECE akugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Malamulo a Zaumisiri a Russia "Pa chitetezo cha magalimoto oyendetsa" (GOST R 52390-2005 "Ma disks a Wheel. Zofunika zaumisiri ndi njira zoyesera"). Chifukwa chake, zidziwitso zonse zofunikira zitha kupezeka muzolemba zovomerezeka. Komabe, kwa ambiri oyendetsa galimoto wamba, zomwe zaperekedwa kumeneko zidzakhala zosafunika. M'malo mwake, posankha, muyenera kudziwa zofunikira ndi magawo, ndipo, motero, kumasulira kwawo pa disk.
Chizindikiro cha gudumu la alloy
Zambiri mwazomwe zalembedwa pansipa ndizogwirizana ndi mawilo a alloy. Komabe, kusiyana kwawo ndi zitsulo zachitsulo ndikuti pamwamba pa ma disks oponyedwa padzakhalanso chizindikiro cha x-ray, komanso chizindikiro cha bungwe lomwe linachita mayesowa kapena ali ndi chilolezo choyenera kutero. Nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi zina zowonjezera za mtundu wa chimbale ndi chiphaso chake.
Kuyika chizindikiro kwa ma diski osindikizidwa
Kulemba ma disks, mosasamala za mitundu yawo, kumakhazikika. Ndiko kuti, chidziwitso chokha pa ma discs ndi masitampu chidzakhala chimodzimodzi ndikungowonetsa zambiri zaukadaulo za disc inayake. Zimbale zosindikizidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo ndipo nthawi zambiri wopanga ndi dziko lomwe lili.
Kusindikiza chizindikiro cha disc
Chizindikiro cha ma wheel discs agalimoto chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndendende pamwamba pake. Kuti timvetsetse zomwe zili ndi udindo pa zomwe, tipereka chitsanzo chapadera. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi litayamba makina ndi mayina 7,5 J x 16 H2 4 × 98 ET45 d54.1. Timalemba ma decoding ake mwadongosolo.
Kutalika kwake
Rim wide imawonetsa nambala yoyamba muzolembazo, mu nkhani iyi ndi 7,5. Mtengowu umatchula mtunda wapakati pa m'mphepete mwa mkombero. M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kuti matayala omwe amakwanira m'lifupi akhoza kuikidwa pa disc iyi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matayala mum'lifupi mwake akhoza kuikidwa pamphepete mwamtundu uliwonse. Ndiko kuti, otchedwa apamwamba ndi otsika. Choncho, m'lifupi matayala adzakhalanso osiyana. Njira yabwino yosankha diski yamawilo agalimoto ingakhale m'lifupi mwa tayala yomwe ili pafupifupi pakati pa mtengo wa tayala. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muyike mphira wokhala ndi m'lifupi mwake komanso kutalika kwake pa diski.
Mtundu wa Edge Rim
Chotsatira chotsatira cha disks zamakina ndi mtundu wa m'mphepete mwake. Malingana ndi malamulo a ku Ulaya ndi apadziko lonse, mtundu wa m'mphepete ukhoza kutchulidwa ndi zilembo zachilatini zotsatirazi - JJ, JK, K, B, D, P zamagalimoto okwera ndi E, F, G, H - zamagalimoto agalimoto. M'zochita, kufotokozera kwa mitundu yonseyi kumakhala kovuta. Muzochitika zonse ziri za mawonekedwe kapena m'mimba mwake wa contour ya disk, ndipo nthawi zina mbali yamphepete. Zomwe zatchulidwazi ndi chidziwitso chautumiki, ndipo sizikhala ndi chidziwitso chilichonse chofunikira kwa woyendetsa galimoto. Komabe, mungafunike dzina ili la cholembera pa disk mukadziwa zofunikira za automaker ndipo mukufuna kudziwa mtundu wamtundu wanji womwe uyenera kukhala pa disk ya mtundu wagalimoto yanu.
Mwachitsanzo, mawilo omwe ali ndi dzina la JJ adapangidwira ma SUV. Chimbale chokhala ndi chilembo P ndi choyenera magalimoto a Volkswagen, chimbale chokhala ndi chilembo K ndi cha magalimoto a Jaguar. ndiko kuti, bukuli limasonyeza bwino lomwe mawilo omwe ali oyenera galimoto inayake ndikupanga chisankho mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwa.
Rim kugawanika
Chotsatira chotsatira cha m'mphepete mwake ndikuchotsa kwake. Pankhaniyi, pali dzina ndi English kalata X. Izi chizindikirocho chimasonyeza kuti mapangidwe a disk palokha ndi chidutswa chimodzi, ndiko kuti, ndi mankhwala amodzi. Ngati m'malo mwa chilembo X, chizindikiro "-" chalembedwa, ndiye kuti m'mphepete mwake ndi detachable, ndiko kuti, lili ndi zigawo zingapo.
Malire ambiri amagalimoto onyamula anthu amakhala gawo limodzi. Izi zimakulolani kuti muyike pa iwo matayala otchedwa "ofewa", ndiko kuti, zotanuka. Ma drive ogawanitsa nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pamagalimoto kapena ma SUV. Izi zimakulolani kuti muyike matayala olimba pa iwo, omwe, kwenikweni, mapangidwe owonongeka anapangidwa.
Chokwera chokwera
Pambuyo pa chidziwitso cha kugawanika kwa disk polemba, pali nambala yomwe ikuwonetsa m'mimba mwake, pamenepa ndi 16. zimagwirizana ndi diameter ya tayala. Kwa magalimoto okwera, ma diameter odziwika kwambiri ndi mainchesi 13 mpaka 17. Ma disks akulu, motero, matayala okulirapo kuposa 17'' (20-22'') amayikidwa pamagalimoto okhala ndi injini zoyatsira zamphamvu mkati, kuphatikiza ma SUV osiyanasiyana, ma minibasi kapena magalimoto. Pankhaniyi, posankha, muyenera kuganizira kuti m'mimba mwake ya tayala ifanane ndendende ndi m'mimba mwake.
Ma protrus a annular
Dzina lina ndi ma ring rolls kapena humps. Mu chitsanzo ichi, iwo ali ndi dzina H2. Awa ndi ma disks ambiri. Zambiri zikutanthauza kuti mapangidwe a disk kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma protrusions kukonza matayala opanda machubuili mbali zonse. Izi zimapereka chiwongolero chotetezedwa ku disk.
Ngati pali chizindikiro chimodzi cha H pa diski, izi zikutanthauza kuti chigawocho chili mbali imodzi yokha ya disk. palinso mitundu ingapo yofananira ya ma ledges. kutanthauza:
- FH - lathyathyathya lathyathyathya (Flat Hump);
- AH - asymmetric tackle (Asymmetric Hump);
- CH - hump pamodzi (Combi Hump);
- SL - palibe protrusions pa chimbale (panthawiyi, tayala adzagwira flanges m'mphepete).
Zilunda ziwiri zimawonjezera kudalirika kwa kukonza tayala pa diski ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa depressurization. Komabe, kuipa kwa hump iwiri ndikuti kumakhala kovuta kuvala ndikuchotsa tayala. Koma ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira matayala pafupipafupi, vutoli siliyenera kukusangalatsani.
Kuyika magawo (PCD bolt pattern)
Chotsatira chotsatira, ndicho, 4 × 98 chikutanthauza kuti disk ili nayo pali mabowo anayi okwera a m'mimba mwakekudzera momwe imalumikizidwa ndi likulu. Pamalire otumizidwa kunja, chizindikirochi chimatchedwa PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter). Mu Russian, limakhalanso ndi tanthauzo la "bolt pattern".
Nambala 4 imatanthauza chiwerengero cha mabowo okwera. Mu Chingerezi, ili ndi dzina lakuti LK. Mwa njira, nthawi zina magawo okwera amatha kuwoneka ngati 4/98 mu chitsanzo ichi. Nambala 98 pankhaniyi ikutanthauza mtengo wa kuzungulira kwa bwalo pomwe mabowo omwe akuwonetsedwa ali.
Magalimoto ambiri amakono okwera amakhala ndi mabowo anayi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono mungapeze zimbale ndi chiwerengero cha mabowo ofanana atatu, eyiti kapena khumi. Childs, m'mimba mwake wa bwalo, kumene mabowo okwera ili ndi 98 mpaka 139,7 mm.
Chochititsa chidwi, kwa ma disc omwe ali ndi mabawuti anayi okwera, mtunda wa PCD ndi wofanana ndi mtunda wapakati pa ma bolt kapena mtedza wapakati. Kwa ma disc okhala ndi mabawuti asanu okwera, mtengo wa PCD udzakhala wofanana ndi mtunda pakati pa mabawuti oyandikana nawo ochulukitsa ndi gawo la 1,051.
Opanga ena amapanga mphete zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa pamahabu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, 5x100/120. Chifukwa chake, ma disks oterewa ndi oyenera makina osiyanasiyana. Komabe, pochita, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito ma diski oterowo, chifukwa mawonekedwe awo amakina ndi ocheperako kuposa wamba.
Chizindikiro chonyamuka pamalire
Muchitsanzo chapadera, zizindikiro mu ET45 (Einpress Tief) chizindikiro cha disc chimatanthauza chomwe chimatchedwa kuchoka (mu Chingerezi, mungapezenso tanthauzo la OFFSET kapena DEPORT). Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri parameter posankha. kutanthauza, disk kuchoka ndi et mtunda pakati pa ndege yolunjika, yomwe imadutsa pakati pamphepete ndi ndege yolingana ndi malo olumikizirana pakati pa diski ndi makina opangira makina. Pali mitundu itatu ya ma wheel offsets:
- Zabwino. Pankhaniyi, ndege yapakati yowongoka (ndege ya symmetry) imakhala patali kuchokera pakatikati pa thupi lagalimoto pokhudzana ndi ndege yolumikizana pakati pa diski ndi likulu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chimbale ndichochepa kwambiri chotuluka kuchokera ku galimoto ya galimoto. Nambala 45 imatanthauza mtunda wa mamilimita pakati pa ndege ziwiri zosonyezedwa.
- Zoipa. Pankhaniyi, m'malo mwake, ndege yolumikizana pakati pa diski ndi likulu imachokera ku ndege yapakati ya symmetry ya disk. Pankhaniyi, dzina la disc offset lidzakhala ndi phindu loyipa. Mwachitsanzo, ET-45.
- Zachabe. Pankhaniyi, ndege yolumikizana pakati pa diski ndi likulu ndi ndege ya symmetry ya disk imagwirizana. Pankhaniyi, disk ili ndi dzina ET0.
Posankha chimbale, ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa zambiri za ma disc omwe automaker amalola kukhazikitsa. Nthawi zina, amaloledwa kukhazikitsa zimbale ndi zabwino kapena ziro overhang. Kupanda kutero, makinawo amatha kukhazikika komanso zovuta zoyendetsa zitha kuyamba, makamaka pa liwiro. Cholakwika chovomerezeka cha kuchoka kwa ma wheel disks chimapanga ± 2 millimeters.
Bore diameter
Posankha chimbale, muyenera kudziwa zimene dia zikutanthauza mu chimbale chizindikiro. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, nambala yofananira zimasonyeza m'mimba mwake wa bowo okwera pa likulu mu millimeters. Pankhaniyi, ili ndi dzina d54,1. Deta yotereyi yoyika ma disc imasungidwa muzolemba za DIA.
Kwa magalimoto ambiri okwera, mtengo wofananira nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 50 ndi 70 millimeters. Iyenera kumveka bwino musanasankhe diski inayake, apo ayi disk siyingayikidwe pamakina.
Pamawilo ambiri a aloyi okhala ndi mainchesi ambiri (ndiko kuti, okhala ndi mtengo waukulu wa DIA), opanga amapereka zogwiritsira ntchito mphete za adaputala kapena ma washer (omwe amatchedwanso "arch support") kuti akhazikike pakhoma. Zapangidwa ndi pulasitiki ndi aluminiyamu. Otsuka pulasitiki sakhala olimba, koma kwa zenizeni zaku Russia ali ndi mwayi waukulu. ndiko kuti, samatulutsa oxidize ndipo samalola kuti chimbalecho chimamatira kumtunda, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Chonde dziwani kuti pa mawilo osindikizidwa (zitsulo), kukula kwake kwa bowo kuyenera kugwirizana ndi mtengo womwe wopanga galimotoyo wanena. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma disc achitsulo sagwiritsa ntchito mphete za adaputala.
Ngati gudumu lopangidwa kapena lopangidwa likugwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto, ndiye kuti kukula kwa dzenje la hub kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa bushing pulasitiki. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kusankhidwa kuwonjezera pagalimoto inayake, mwachitsanzo, mutasankha diski inayake yagalimoto. Kawirikawiri, automaker sayika mphete za adaputala pama disks oyambirira a makina, popeza ma disks amapangidwa poyamba ndi dzenje la m'mimba mwake.
Chizindikiro chowonjezera cha ma disks ndi kumasulira kwa mayina awo
Magawo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi ofunikira posankha chimbale chagalimoto. Komabe, pa ena aiwo mutha kupeza zolemba ndi zolemba zina. Mwachitsanzo:
- CHOLOWA CHA MAX. Chidulechi chikutanthauza kuti katundu wololeza wokwanira amaloledwa pamphepete inayake. kawirikawiri, chiwerengerocho chikufotokozedwa mu mapaundi (LB). kuti mutembenuzire mtengo wa mapaundi kukhala mtengo wa kilogalamu, ndikwanira kugawa ndi gawo la 2,2. Mwachitsanzo, MAX LOAD = 2000 LB = 2000 / 2,2 = 908 kilograms. Ndiko kuti, ma disks, monga matayala, ali ndi index ya katundu.
- MAX PSI 50 COLD. Muchitsanzo chapadera, zolembedwazo zikutanthauza kuti kuthamanga kwa mpweya wovomerezeka mu tayala loyikidwa pa disc sikuyenera kupitirira mapaundi a 50 pa inchi imodzi (PSI). Poyerekeza, kukakamiza kofanana ndi mphamvu ya kilogalamu imodzi ndi pafupifupi 14 PSI. Gwiritsani ntchito chowerengera kuti musinthe kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga. Ndiko kuti, mu chitsanzo ichi, kuthamanga kwakukulu kovomerezeka mu tayala sikuyenera kupitirira 3,5 atmospheres mu metric coordinate system. Ndipo kulembedwa kwa COLD, kumatanthauza kuti kupanikizika kuyenera kuyesedwa mu tayala lozizira (galimoto isanayambe kusuntha, kuphatikizapo osati pansi pa dzuŵa lotentha).
- KUIWALA. Kulemba uku kumatanthauza kuti diski inayake imapangidwa ndi kupanga (ndiko kuti, yopangidwa).
- BEADLOCK. Kutanthauza kuti chimbale ali okonzeka ndi otchedwa tayala locking dongosolo. Pakalipano, ma disks oterewa saloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zachitetezo, choncho sakupezekanso kuti agulitse.
- BEADLOCK SIMULATOR. Zolemba zofananira zikuwonetsa kuti diski ili ndi choyimira chowongolera matayala. Pankhaniyi, ma disks oterewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulikonse. Pochita izi, izi zikutanthauza kuti ma disks awa sali osiyana ndi wamba.
- SAE/ISO/TUV. Mawu achidule awa amatanthauza miyezo ndi mabungwe olamulira omwe ma disc adapangidwa. Pa matayala apakhomo, nthawi zina mumatha kupeza mtengo wa GOST kapena zomwe wopanga amapanga.
- Tsiku lopanga. Wopanga amawonetsa tsiku lofananira lopangira mu mawonekedwe obisika. Nthawi zambiri imakhala manambala anayi. Awiri oyambirira amatanthauza sabata motsatizana, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka, ndipo awiri achiwiri - ndendende chaka chopanga. Mwachitsanzo, dzina 1217 likuwonetsa kuti chimbalecho chinapangidwa sabata la 12 la 2017.
- Dziko lopangidwa. Pa zimbale zina mungapeze dzina la dziko limene mankhwala anapangidwa. Nthawi zina opanga amangosiya chizindikiro chawo pa disc kapena kungolemba dzina.
Zizindikiro za magudumu aku Japan
Pa ena zimbale opangidwa ku Japan, mungapeze otchedwa Chizindikiro cha JWL. Otanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi, chidulecho chimatanthauza mawilo a aloyi achi Japan. Kuyika uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazimbale zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku Japan. Opanga ena angagwiritse ntchito chidule choyenerera momwe akufunira. Komabe, ngati ili pa diski, zikutanthauza kuti diskiyo imakwaniritsa zofunikira za Ministry of Land Resources, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism ku Japan. Mwa njira, kwa magalimoto ndi mabasi, chidule chofananacho chidzakhala chosiyana pang'ono - JWL-T.
Palinso chizindikiro chimodzi chosavomerezeka - Via. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa disc pokhapokha ngati mankhwalawo ayesedwa bwino mu labotale ya Transport Inspection of Japan. Chidule cha VIA ndi chizindikiro cholembetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ku ma diski omwe sanadutse mayeso oyenera ndi chilango. Chifukwa chake, ma disks omwe mawu achidule akugwiritsidwira ntchito poyamba adzakhala apamwamba kwambiri komanso olimba.
Momwe mungasankhire gudumu la gudumu
Posankha chimbale chapadera, eni galimoto nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto - momwe angasankhire diski yoyenera mogwirizana ndi mphira yomwe ilipo. Tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cha matayala olembedwa 185/60 R14. M'lifupi mwake m'mphepete mwake, malinga ndi zofunikira, kuyenera kukhala 25% kuchepera m'lifupi mwa mawonekedwe a tayala. Chifukwa chake, kotala limodzi liyenera kuchotsedwa pamtengo wa 185 ndipo mtengo wake umasinthidwa kukhala mainchesi. Zotsatira zake ndi mainchesi asanu ndi theka.
Choncho, pambuyo mawerengedwe pamwamba, tinganene kuti tayala 185/60 R14, chimbale ndi awiri mainchesi 14 ndi m'lifupi 5,5 ... 6,0 mainchesi ndi oyenera. Zotsalira zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa ziyenera kufotokozedwa muzolemba zaukadaulo zamagalimoto.
Pansipa pali tebulo lomwe limafotokoza mwachidule za ma disks okhazikika (mafakitale) ovomerezeka ndi opanga awo. Chifukwa chake, pamagalimoto, muyenera kusankha mawilo okhala ndi magawo oyenera.
| Mtundu wamagalimoto | Makulidwe ndi data ya fakitale |
|---|---|
| Toyota Corolla 2010 kutulutsidwa | 6Jx15 5/114,3 ET39 d60,1 |
| Ford Focus 2 | 5JR16 5 × 108 ET52,5 DIA 63,3 |
| Lada Granta | 13 / 5.0J PCD 4×98 ET 40 CH 58.5 kapena 14 / 5.5J PCD 4×98 ET 37 CH 58.5 |
| Lada Vesta 2019 kutulutsidwa | 6Jx15 4/100 ET50 d60.1 |
| Hyundai Solaris 2019 kutulutsidwa | 6Jx15 4/100 ET46 d54.1 |
| Kutulutsidwa kwa Kia Sportage 2015 | 6.5Jx16 5/114.3 ET31.5 d67.1 |
| Kia Rio | PCD 4 × 100 m'mimba mwake 13 mpaka 15, m'lifupi 5J mpaka 6J, kuchepetsa 34 mpaka 48 |
| Niva | Razboltovka - 5 × 139.7, kunyamuka - ET 40, m'lifupi - 6.5 J, dzenje lapakati - CO 98.6 |
| Renault Duster 2011 | Kukula - 16x6,5, ET45, bolting - 5x114,3 |
| Renault Logan 2019 | 6Jx15 4/100 ET40 d60.1 |
| Mtengo wa VAZ 2109 2006 | 5Jx13 4/98 ET35 d58.6 |
Pomaliza
Kusankhidwa kwa mphete kuyenera kutengera chidziwitso chaukadaulo chomwe wopanga magalimoto amapereka m'mabuku agalimoto. ndiye, miyeso ya ma disks omwe amaloledwa kuyika, mitundu yawo, kufunikira kwa ma overhangs, ma diameter a mabowo, ndi zina zotero. Pamagalimoto ambiri, ma disks a ma diameter osiyanasiyana amatha kukhazikitsidwa. Komabe, magawo awo ofunikira ayenera kugwirizana ndi zolemba zaukadaulo.
