Tanki yaing'ono ya amphibious T-38
Tanki yaing'ono ya amphibious T-38
Kuwotchera kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga thanki. Makinawa adatengedwa ndi Red Army mu February 1936 ndipo adapangidwa mpaka 1939. Onse opangidwa ndi makampani 1382 T-38 akasinja. Iwo anali mu utumiki ndi asilikali akasinja ndi ozindikira a magulu amfuti, makampani kuzindikira a brigades akasinja. Tikumbukenso kuti pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe akasinja wotere mu magulu ankhondo a dziko.
The ntchito akasinja amphibious mu asilikali anasonyeza ambiri zofooka ndi zofooka mwa iwo. Zinapezeka kuti T-37A anali ndi kufala osadalirika ndi undercarriage, njanji zambiri anagwa, nkhokwe mphamvu anali yaing'ono, ndi buoyancy reserve anali osakwanira. Choncho, Design Bureau of Plant No. 37 inalandira ntchito yokonza thanki yatsopano ya amphibious pogwiritsa ntchito T-37A. Ntchito inayamba kumapeto kwa 1934 motsogoleredwa ndi mlengi wamkulu wa zomera, N. Astrov. Popanga galimoto yomenyana yomwe inalandira fakitale index 09A, imayenera kuthetsa zolakwa za T-37A, makamaka kuti ziwonjezere kudalirika kwa mayunitsi a thanki yatsopano ya amphibious. Mu June 1935, anayesedwa thanki chitsanzo, amene analandira chizindikiro asilikali T-38. Popanga thanki yatsopano, okonzawo, ngati n'kotheka, adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za T-37A, zomwe panthawiyi zinali zodziwika bwino pakupanga. Mapangidwe a T-38 yoyandama anali ofanana ndi T-37A, koma dalaivala anayikidwa kumanja ndi turret kumanzere. Pamaso pa dalaivala panali mipata yowonera pachishango chakutsogolo komanso mbali yakumanja ya chikopacho.
The undercarriage anali m'njira zambiri zofanana T-37A amphibious thanki, amene anabwereka kamangidwe ka bogies kuyimitsidwa ndi mbozi. Mapangidwe a gudumu loyendetsa adasinthidwa pang'ono, ndipo gudumu lowongolera linakhala lofanana kukula kwa mawilo amsewu (kupatulapo mayendedwe).
Galimoto yatsopanoyi inali ndi zofooka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku fakitale No. 37 kupita ku ABTU ya Red Army, kuyambira July 3 mpaka July 17, 1935, T-38 inayesedwa kanayi kokha, nthawi yotsalayo thankiyo inali kukonzedwa. Pafupipafupi mayesero a thanki latsopano anapitiriza mpaka yozizira 1935, ndipo February 29, 1936, ndi lamulo la Council of Labor and Defense ya USSR, thanki T-38 anatengedwa ndi Red Army m'malo mwa asilikali. T-37A. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chomwecho, kupanga misa ya amphibian yatsopano inayamba, yomwe mpaka chilimwe inapita mofanana ndi kutuluka kwa T-37A.
Siriyo T-38 anali penapake wosiyana ndi prototype - gudumu zina msewu anaikidwa pa galimoto yaing'ono, kapangidwe ka hull ndi hatch dalaivala anasintha pang'ono. Zida zankhondo ndi ma turrets a akasinja a T-38 adangochokera ku chomera cha Ordzhonikidze Podolsky, chomwe pofika 1936 adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwake komwe kumafunikira. Mu 1936, ma turrets opangidwa ndi Izhora adayikidwa pa T-38s ochepa, omwe adatsalira pambuyo pa kutha kwa kupanga T-37A.
Kumapeto kwa 1936, mayeso angapo adachitika pamalo oyeserera a NIBT pamayendedwe otsimikizika. tank amphibious T-38 yokhala ndi ngolo zamtundu watsopano. Iwo ankasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhalapo kwa pisitoni mkati mwa kasupe wopingasa, ndipo kuti ndodo yowongolera isatuluke mu chubu ngati zingatheke kutsitsa ma rollers, chingwe chachitsulo chinamangiriridwa ku mabatani a ngolo. Pa mayesero mu September - December 1936 thanki iyi inaphimba makilomita 1300 m'misewu ndi madera ovuta. Mabotolo atsopano, monga tafotokozera m'malembawo, "adatsimikizira kuti akugwira ntchito bwino, akuwonetsa ubwino wambiri pa mapangidwe apitawo."
Zomwe zili mu lipoti la mayeso a T-38 zidanena izi: "Thanki ya T-38 ndiyoyenera kuthetsa ntchito zodziyimira pawokha. Komabe, kuwonjezera mphamvu, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa injini M-1. Kuphatikiza apo, zoperewera ziyenera kuthetsedwa: njanji imatsika mukamayenda m'malo ovuta, kuyimitsidwa kosakwanira, ntchito za ogwira nawo ntchito sizokwanira, dalaivala sawoneka mokwanira kumanzere. ” Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa 1937, kusintha kwakukulu kunayambika mu kapangidwe ka thanki: mbale yankhondo inayikidwa pa malo owonera mu chishango chakutsogolo cha dalaivala, chomwe chimateteza kuphulika kwa kutsogolera panthawi ya mfuti ndi mfuti za tank. , ngolo zamtundu watsopano (zokhala ndi chingwe chachitsulo) zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito m’kaboti kakang’ono . Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa wailesi ya T-38, wokhala ndi wayilesi ya 71-TK-1 yokhala ndi mlongoti wa chikwapu, idayamba kupanga. Kuyika kwa mlongoti kunali pa mbale yakutsogolo yakutsogolo pakati pa mpando wa dalaivala ndi turret.
M'chaka cha 1937, kupanga akasinja amphibious T-38 inaimitsidwa - ambiri madandaulo analandira kwa asilikali galimoto latsopano nkhondo. Pambuyo pa chilimwe cha 1937, chomwe chinaperekedwa ku Moscow, Kiev ndi zigawo za asilikali za Belorussia, utsogoleri wa Armored Directorate of the Red Army unalangiza bungwe la mapangidwe a zomera kuti likhale lamakono la thanki ya T-38. Modernization anayenera kukhala motere:
Ntchito pakupanga zitsanzo zatsopano za T-38 zinali pang'onopang'ono. Okwana, prototypes awiri anapangidwa, amene analandira mayina T-38M1 ndi T-38M2. Onse akasinja anali GAZ M-1 injini ndi mphamvu 50 HP. ndi ngolo zochokera ku thirakitala ya Komsomolets. Pakati pawo, magalimoto anali ndi kusiyana pang'ono.
Chombo cha T-38M2 chinawonjezeka ndi 75 mm, kupereka kuwonjezeka kwa kusamuka kwa makilogalamu 450, sloth anakhalabe pamalo omwewo, panalibe wailesi pagalimoto. Muzinthu zina zonse, T-38M1 ndi T-38M2 zinali zofanana.
Monga mbali ya magulu a mfuti ndi apakavalo a Red Army (pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe akasinja amphibious mu brigades thanki a zigawo Kumadzulo asilikali), T-38 ndi T-37A nawo "ndawala ufulu" ku Western. Ukraine ndi Belarus, mu September 1939. Pachiyambi cha nkhondo ndi Finland. Pa November 30, 1939, m'madera ena a Leningrad Military District, panali 435 T-38s ndi T-37s, amene anachita nawo nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, pa Disembala 11, pa Karelian Isthmus, magulu 18 okhala ndi mayunitsi 54 a T-38 adafika. Battalion idalumikizidwa ndi 136th Rifle Division, akasinjawo adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo owombera m'mbali mwam'mbali komanso pakadutsa pakati pamagulu omenyera nkhondo ankhondo akuukira. Kuphatikiza apo, akasinja a T-38 adapatsidwa chitetezo chaudindo wagawo, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa ovulala kunkhondo ndikupereka zida.
Madzulo a Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse, ogwira ntchito ku gulu la ndege adaphatikizapo gulu lankhondo, lomwe linali ndi zida za 50 T-38. Akasinja a Soviet amphibious adalandira ubatizo wawo wamoto pankhondo zankhondo ku Far East. Zowona, anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumeneko mochepa kwambiri. Choncho, mu mayunitsi ndi mapangidwe Red Army nawo nkhondo m'dera la Khalkhin Gol River, akasinja T-38 analipo kokha ngati mbali ya mfuti ndi mfuti battalion 11 brigade ( 8 mayunitsi) ndi gulu lankhondo la 82 sd (mayunitsi 14). Mwakuyeruzgiyapu, awona kuti ŵenga ambula ntchitu pa nkhani yakunyoza ndipuso yo yiwungana. Mkati mwa nkhondoyo kuyambira May mpaka August 1939, 17 a iwo anatayika.
Zosintha zazikulu za tanki ya T-38:
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Mu 1935, thanki ya T-37A inali yamakono, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo makhalidwe ake. Pamene kusunga masanjidwe m'mbuyomu, thanki latsopano, anasankha T-38, anakhala m'munsi ndi lonse, amene anawonjezera bata kuyandama, ndi dongosolo kuyimitsidwa bwino n'zotheka kuonjezera liwiro ndi kusalala. M'malo mosiyanitsa magalimoto pa thanki ya T-38, zowongola zam'mbali zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosinthira.
