Mwezi, Mars ndi zina

Openda zakuthambo a NASA ayamba kuyesa zida zatsopano zakuthambo zomwe bungweli likukonzekera kuzigwiritsa ntchito pamishoni zomwe zikubwera mwezi ngati gawo la pulogalamu ya Artemis yomwe ikukonzekera zaka zikubwerazi (1). Pakadali dongosolo lofunitsitsa loti anthu ogwira ntchito pansi, amuna ndi akazi, ku Silver Globe mu 2024.

Zimadziwika kale kuti nthawi ino si za, koma choyamba za kukonzekera ndiyeno kumanga zomangamanga kuti agwiritse ntchito kwambiri Mwezi ndi chuma chake m'tsogolomu.

Posachedwapa, bungwe la United States lalengeza kuti mabungwe asanu ndi atatu a zakuthambo asayina kale pangano lotchedwa Artemis Accords. Jim Bridenstine, mtsogoleri wa NASA, akulengeza kuti ichi ndi chiyambi cha mgwirizano waukulu wapadziko lonse wofufuza mwezi, zomwe zidzatsimikizira "tsogolo lamtendere ndi lotukuka." Mayiko ena alowa nawo mgwirizanowu m'miyezi ikubwerayi. Kuphatikiza pa NASA, mgwirizanowu udasainidwa ndi mabungwe amlengalenga aku Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, United Arab Emirates ndi United Kingdom. India ndi China, omwe alinso ndi mapulani anzeru, sali pamndandanda. dziko lasiliva i dongosolo lachitukuko cha migodi.

Malinga ndi malingaliro apano, Mwezi ndi mayendedwe ake udzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu ngati mkhalapakati komanso maziko aulendo wotere. Ngati tipita ku Mars m'zaka khumi za zana lino, monga NASA, China ndi ena adalengeza, zaka khumi za 2020-30 ziyenera kukhala nthawi yokonzekera kwambiri. Ngati palibe zofunikira zomwe zachitidwa, ndiye Sitidzawulukira ku Mars m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Dongosolo loyambirira linali Mwezi ukutera mu 2028koma Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Mike Pence adayitanitsa zaka zinayi kuti alimbikitse. Oyenda mumlengalenga akuwuluka Chombo cha Orionzomwe zidzanyamula ma roketi a SLS omwe NASA ikugwira ntchito. Kaya ili ndi tsiku lenileni liyenera kuwonedwa, koma mwaukadaulo pali zambiri zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira dongosololi.

Mwachitsanzo, NASA posachedwapa idapanga njira yatsopano yokwerera (SPLICE) yomwe ikuyenera kupangitsa Mars kukhala osawopsa. SPLICE imagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira laser panthawi yotsika, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi kuti muyang'ane ndikuzindikira malo omwe mukutera. Bungweli likukonzekera kuyesa dongosololi posachedwa ndi rocket (2), yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi galimoto yomwe imatha kubwezedwa itawuluka munjira. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti wobwererayo amapeza yekha malo abwino kwambiri otera.

2. New Shepard ikutsikira pansi

Tiyeni tiyesere zimenezo akonza zobwezera anthu ku mwezi kuyambira 2024 adzakhala opambana. Chotsatira ndi chiyani? Chaka chamawa, gawo lotchedwa Habitat liyenera kufika ku Moongate, yomwe ili pakupanga mapangidwe, yomwe tidalemba zambiri ku MT. NASA Gateway, space station pa kanjira ka mwezi (3) yomangidwa pamodzi ndi abwenzi apadziko lonse lapansi, idzayamba kale. Koma sizikhala mpaka 2025 pomwe malo okhala ku US aperekedwa ku station pomwe ntchito yeniyeni ya wayilesiyi iyamba. Ntchito zomwe zikuchitika pano zikuyenera kuloleza kukhalapo kwa openda zakuthambo anayi panthawi imodzi, ndipo anthu angapo omwe akukonzekera kutera pamwezi ayenera kusandutsa Gateway kukhala likulu la zochitika zakuthambo ndi zida zopangira ulendo wopita ku Mars.

3. Space Station Orbiting the Moon - Kupereka

Toyota pamwezi?

Izi zanenedwa ndi Japan Air and Space Search Agency (JAXA). akukonzekera kuchotsa haidrojeni m'malo oundana a mwezi (4) kuigwiritsa ntchito monga magwero amafuta, malinga ndi kunena kwa Japan Times. Cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa mtengo woyendera mwezi womwe dziko lino ukukonzekera m'zaka za m'ma 20 popanga gwero lamafuta am'deralo m'malo motengera ma voliyumu ambiri. mafuta ochokera padziko lapansi.

Japan Space Agency ikufuna kugwira ntchito ndi NASA kuti ipange Chipata cha Mwezi chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa. Gwero lamafuta, lomwe limapangidwa kumaloko molingana ndi lingaliroli, limatha kuloleza oyenda mumlengalenga kunyamulidwa kupita kusiteshoni kuchokera. mwezi pamwamba ndi mosemphanitsa. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popangira magetsi magalimoto ndi zida zina pamtunda. JAXA ikuti pafupifupi matani 37 amadzi amafunikira kuti apereke mafuta okwanira kuti ayendetse ku Moongate.

JAXA idawululanso mapangidwe agalimoto yamawilo asanu ndi limodzi. hydrogen mafuta maselo galimoto yodziyendetsa yokha idapangidwa mogwirizana ndi Toyota chaka chatha. Toyota imadziwika kuti ndi mpainiya waukadaulo wa haidrojeni. Ndani akudziwa, mwina m'tsogolo tidzawona ma rovers a mwezi okhala ndi chizindikiro cha mtundu wotchuka wa ku Japan.

China ili ndi zida zatsopano komanso zokhumba zazikulu

Perekani kulengeza kwapadziko lonse pazochita zanu China ikumanga mzinga watsopanoamene adzatenga oyenda mumlengalenga awo ku mwezi. Galimoto yatsopano yotsegulira idavumbulutsidwa pa msonkhano wa 2020 China Space ku Fuzhou, East China pa Seputembara 18. Galimoto yatsopano yoyambitsirayi idapangidwa kuti ipangitse chombo chonyamula matani 25. Kuthamanga kwa roketi kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu katatu kuposa kwa roketi yamphamvu kwambiri yaku China ya Long March 5. Roketi iyenera kukhala ndi magawo atatu, monga ma roketi odziwika bwino. Delta IV Heavy i Falcon Yamphamvundipo gawo lililonse la magawo atatuwo likhale la mamita 5 m’mimba mwake. Njira yotsegulira, yomwe ilibe dzina koma imatchedwa "roketi ya 921" ku China, ndi mamita 87 kutalika.

Dziko la China silinalengeze tsiku loyesa ndege kapena kutera kwa mwezi. Ngakhale zoponya zomwe aku China akhala nazo mpaka pano, kapena Shenzhou orbiterosatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zakutera kwa mwezi. Muyeneranso lander, amene kulibe China.

Dziko la China silinavomereze mwalamulo pulogalamu yoyika oyenda pamlengalenga pamwezi, koma yakhala yomasuka pazantchito zotere. Roketi yomwe idaperekedwa mu Seputembala ndi yachilendo. M'mbuyomu, tidakambirana za lingalirolo. roketi yaitali March 9yomwe imayenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa roketi ya Saturn V kapena SLS yopangidwa ndi NASA. Komabe, roketi yayikulu chotere sidzatha kupanga maulendo ake oyamba mpaka 2030.

Kupitilira 250% mautumiki ochulukirapo

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Euroconsult yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Epulo 2020 yotchedwa "Space Exploration Perspectives", ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi pakufufuza zakuthambo zinali pafupifupi $20 biliyoni mu 2019, kukwera ndi 6 peresenti kuchokera chaka chatha. 71 peresenti ya iwo amawononga US. Ndalama zofufuzira mumlengalenga zikuyembekezeka kukwera mpaka $30 biliyoni pofika 2029 zikomo Kufufuza kwa mwezi, chitukuko cha zoyendera ndi orbital zomangamanga. Pafupifupi mishoni 130 ikuyembekezeka pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, poyerekeza ndi mishoni 52 pazaka 10 zapitazi (5). Choncho zambiri zidzachitika. Lipotilo silikuwoneratu kutha kwa ntchito ya International Space Station. Iye akuyembekezera izo kukwera kwa siteshoni yaku China orbital space ndi Chipata cha Mwezi. Euroconsult imakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha chidwi chachikulu pa Mwezi, ndalama za maulendo a Martian zikhoza kugwa. Mishoni zina ziyenera kulipidwa pamlingo womwewo monga kale.

5. Dongosolo la bizinesi ya danga lazaka khumi zikubwerazi

Panopa . Kale mu 2021, padzakhala magalimoto ambiri pa Mars ndi kanjira kake. Rover ina yaku America, Perseverance, ndi chifukwa cha malo ndikuchita kafukufuku. M'bwalo la rover munalinso zitsanzo za zida zatsopano zakuthambo. NASA ikufuna kuwona momwe zida zosiyanasiyana zimachitira ndi chilengedwe cha Martian, zomwe zingathandize kusankha suti yoyenera kwa othamanga amtsogolo. Rover yamawilo asanu ndi limodzi imanyamulanso helikopita yaing'ono ya Ingenuity yomwe ikukonzekera kunyamula. ndege zoyesera mumlengalenga wosowa wa Mars.

Ma probe adzakhala munjira: aku China Tianwen-1 ndipo ndi ya United Arab Emirates Hope. Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani, kafukufuku waku China alinso ndi lander ndi rover. Ntchito yonseyo ikadakhala yopambana, chaka chamawa tikadakhala ndi woyendetsa ndege woyamba yemwe si waku US Martian pamtunda. Red Planet.

Mu 2020, rover ya European Agency ESA sinayambe ngati gawo la pulogalamu ya ExoMars. Kukhazikitsa kudayimitsidwa mpaka 2022. Palibe chidziwitso chodziwika bwino chomwe India akufunanso kutumiza rover ngati gawo la pulogalamuyi. Mangalyan Mission 2 zakonzedwa mu 2024. Mu Marichi 2025, kafukufuku waku Japan wa JAXA adzalowa m'njira ya Mars kuphunzira za mwezi wa Mars. Ngati ntchito yozungulira Mars yapambana, chombocho chidzabwerera ku Dziko Lapansi ndi zitsanzo m'zaka zisanu.

Elon Musk's SpaceX ilinso ndi mapulani a Mars ndipo ikukonzekera kutumiza ntchito yopanda anthu kumeneko mu 2022 "kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa madzi, kuzindikira zoopsa, ndi kumanga mphamvu zoyamba, migodi, ndi zomangamanga." Musk adanenanso kuti akufuna kuti SpaceX itumize mu 2024. ndege zonyamula anthu pa Marsa, omwe cholinga chawo chachikulu chidzakhala "kumanga malo osungira mafuta ndikukonzekera maulendo amtsogolo a ndege." Zikumveka zabwino kwambiri, koma mawu omaliza kuchokera pazolengeza izi ndi awa: SpaceX adzachita utumwi wina wa Martian m'zaka zikubwerazi. Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera kuti SpaceX idalengezanso maulendo a mwezi. Wamalonda waku Japan, wopanga komanso wothandiza anthu a Yusaku Maezawa adayenera kupanga ulendo woyamba waulendo wozungulira Mwezi mu 2023, monga ziyenera kumveka, atakwera roketi yayikulu ya Starship yomwe ikuyesedwa tsopano.

Kwa asteroids ndi mwezi waukulu

Tikukhulupirira kuti chaka chamawa chidzalowanso mu orbit. James Webb Space Telescope (6) amene ayenera kukhala wolowa m’malo Telescope ya Hubble. Pambuyo pa kuchedwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi zolepheretsa, mayesero akuluakulu a chaka chino atsirizidwa bwino. Mu 2026, telesikopu ina yofunika kwambiri, European Space Agency's Planetary Transits and Oscillations of Stars (PLATO), iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mumlengalenga, yomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukhala.

6. Webb Space Telescope - Kuwona

Muzochitika zomwe zili ndi chiyembekezo, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) idzatumiza gulu loyamba la openda zakuthambo aku India mumlengalenga kuyambira 2021.

Lucy, gawo la pulogalamu ya NASA Discovery, ikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa mu Okutobala 2021. Onani ma Trojan asteroids asanu ndi limodzi ndi asteroid yayikulu.. Magulu awiri a Trojans kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa Jupiter akuganiziridwa kuti ndi matupi amdima opangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo monga mapulaneti akunja ozungulira pafupi ndi Jupiter. Asayansi akuyembekeza kuti zotsatira za ntchitoyi zisintha kumvetsetsa kwathu komanso moyo wapadziko lapansi. Pazifukwa izi, polojekitiyi imatchedwa Lucy, munthu wobadwa mwatsopano yemwe adapereka chidziwitso chakusinthika kwamunthu.

Mu 2026, tiwona bwino Zamgululi, chimodzi mwa zinthu khumi zazikulu kwambiri mu lamba wa asteroid, zomwe, malinga ndi asayansi, nickel iron core protoplanet. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mishoni kukukonzekera 2022.

Mu 2026 yomweyo, ntchito ya Dragonfly ku Titan iyenera kuyamba, cholinga chake ndikutera pamwamba pa mwezi wa Saturn mu 2034. Zachilendo m'menemo ndi mapangidwe a kufufuza pamwamba ndi kufufuza ndege ya roboticzomwe zidzasuntha kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo momwe zikuwonekera. Chisankhochi chikuyenera kuchitika chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika komwe kuli pansi pa Titan komanso kuopa kuti rover pa mawilo ikadasokonekera mwachangu. Umenewu ndi ntchito yosiyana ndi ina iliyonse, chifukwa kopitako ndi kosiyana ndi komwe tikudziwa. mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Ndizotheka kuti ntchito yopita ku mwezi wina wa Saturn, Enceladus, idzayamba mu theka lachiwiri la XNUMXs. Ili ndi lingaliro chabe pakali pano, osati ntchito yeniyeni yokhala ndi bajeti komanso dongosolo. NASA ikuwona kuti iyi ikhala ntchito yoyamba yakuzama mlengalenga pang'ono kapena kwathunthu ndi mabungwe azinsinsi.

M'mbuyomu, kafukufuku wa JUICE (7), yemwe adalengezedwa ndi ESA mu 2022, afika pomwe adafufuza. Akuyembekezeka kufika pa dongosolo la Jupiter mu 2029 ndikufika panjira ya Ganymede patatha zaka zinayi. mwezi waukulu kwambiri padzuwa ndi kufufuza miyezi ina m'zaka zikubwerazi, Callisto ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa ife Europe. Poyambirira idapangidwa kuti ikhale ntchito yolumikizana ku Europe-America. Pamapeto pake, US ikhazikitsa kafukufuku wake wa Europa Clipper kuti afufuze ku Europe chapakati pazaka za XNUMX.

7. JUICE Mission - Kuwona

Ndizotheka kuti mishoni zatsopano zidzawonekera pandandanda ya NASA ndi mabungwe ena, makamaka omwe amayang'ana Venus. Izi zili choncho chifukwa cha zinthu zimene zatulukira posachedwapa zimene zimasonyeza kuti n’zotheka kukhala ndi zamoyo m’mlengalenga wa dziko lapansili. NASA ikukambirana zakusintha kwa bajeti komwe kungalole kuti pakhale ntchito yatsopano kapena zingapo. Venus sali kutali choncho, kotero ndizosatheka.