Lotus, mwambo wautali wa F1 - Fomula 1

Lotus sapambana mpikisano wadziko lonse F1 ali ndi zaka 35, komabe zikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa magulu omwe adalowa m'mbiri ya masewerawa: osati kuti apambane (maudindo 13 a dziko - oyendetsa ndege asanu ndi awiri ndi omanga asanu ndi awiri - pakati pa zaka za makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri), komanso kwa ochititsa chidwi. kuchuluka kwa akatswiri a timuyi.

Pamodzi, tiyeni tipeze mbiri ya gulu yaku Britain lomwe lakhala luso lotsogola (akatswiri asanu ndi awiri apadziko lonse lapansi adayamba kuwoneka ndi timuyi) ndipo adadziwika ndi zokwera ndi zotsika.

Lotus: nkhani mu F1

La Lotus debuts mu Fomula 1 pa 1958 Monte Carlo Grand Prix ndi madalaivala awiri aku Britain: Cliff Ellison (Malo achisanu ndi chimodzi kumapeto) e Phiri la Graham (kulephera chifukwa cha kulephera kwa injini). Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za nyengoyi zidakwaniritsidwa ku Belgium, pomwe Allison adakhudza olankhulira ndikumaliza wachinayi. Chaka chamawa kudali kusintha kwa ena mwa omvera, Innes Ireland (malo achinayi ku Netherlands), pafupifupi kuwapangitsa kukhala atatu apamwamba.

Kupambana koyamba

Zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zinayamba kwambiri: mu 1960, gulu la "British" linatenga malo achiwiri mu World Constructors Championships chifukwa cha Briton Stirling Moss, yemwe adapambana chigonjetso choyamba cha timu ku Monte Carlo ndikubwereza ku USA. Mu 1961, Moss adapezanso zipambano ziwiri (Monte Carlo ndi Germany), pomwe Ireland idalamulira US, ndipo chaka chotsatira, adapambana atatu (Belgium, UK ndi US) ndi Britain. Jim Clark sali okwanira kuti apambane ulemu wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Anali Jim Clark

1963 - chaka chagolide kwa timu Colin Chapman - Woyambitsa yemwe adapambana Mpikisano wa World Constructors' Championship chifukwa cha Clark, adakhala Champion ya World Drivers' ndi zipambano zisanu ndi ziwiri (Belgium, Holland, France, Great Britain, Italy, Mexico and South Africa). Zinthu zinafika poipa chaka chotsatira pamene wokwera "British" anatenga "zigonjetso" zitatu (Holland, Belgium ndi Great Britain).

La Lotus adabwerera kuulamuliro mu 1965, ndikubwereza mutu wapadziko lonse lapansi: kuthokozanso kwa Clark, yemwe adatsiriza kumaliza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa ena onse (South Africa, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Holland ndi Germany). Kusintha kwa malamulo mu 1966 (Zipangizo adachoka ku 1.500 kupita ku 3.000 cc) amapeza kuti gulu la Britain silinakonzekere, litapeza kupambana kumodzi kokha ku USA. Gululo limadzilungamitsa mu 1967 ndi zopambana zinayi - kachiwiri ndi Clark (Holland, Great Britain, USA ndi Mexico) - koma zotsatira zake sizokwanira kwa ngwazi.

Mu 1968, Clarke anapambana mpikisano woyamba wa nyengoyi - ku South Africa - koma anamwalira patatha miyezi itatu mu mpikisano wa F2.

Phiri ndi Rindt

La Lotus ali ndi galimoto yopambana, ndipo ngakhale atamwalira woyendetsa woyimilira kwambiri, amapita nawo ku World Championship chaka chonse chifukwa cha kupambana katatu ku Britain. Phiri la Graham (Spain, Monte Carlo ndi Mexico), zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti akhale ndi mwayi pakati pa oyendetsa, komanso kupezerera aku Switzerland. Joe Siffert - woyamba omwe sanali a British kudula Lotus pamtunda wapamwamba wa podium - ku UK. Wokwatiwa 49Bopaka utoto wofiira ndi wagolide mitundu ya ndudu Tsamba la golide osatinso zobiriwira zachingerezi zachingerezi, zidapanga mbiri ya motorsport ngati galimoto yoyamba yothandizidwa ndi Circus.

1969 ndi chaka chosinthira pomwe Hill adapambana ku Monte Carlo komanso ku Austria. Jochen Rindt imapambana ku USA. Otsatirawa amalamulira nyengo ya 1970 ndikupambana zisanu (Monte Carlo, Holland, France, Great Britain ndi Germany), amataya moyo wake ku Italy Grand Prix, komabe adakwanitsa kupambana World Championship (yekhayo m'mbiri kuti adapatsidwa atafa). Mutu wa omanga adapambanidwa ndi Lotus, zikomo chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwa timu yaku Brazil. Emerson Fittipaldi ku USA.

Komiti Yadziko Lonse ya Fittipaldi

Mu 1971, Chapman adalimbikira kwambiri chitukuko cha galimoto yokhala ndi anthu anayi, ndipo izi zidakhudza zotsatira zake: koyamba kuyambira 1960 kunalibe kupambana (malo achiwiri a Fittipaldi ku Austria anali abwino kwambiri ) Lotus.

Zinthu zikuyenda bwino mu 1972 pomwe Fittipaldi adakhala katswiri padziko lonse lapansi (chifukwa cha kupambana zisanu: Spain, Belgium, Britain, Austria ndi Italy) ndipo amalola timu yake kutenga mpikisano wapadziko lonse womanga. Chaka chotsatira, mutu wa timuyo udabwerezedwa ndikupambana katatu ndi Fittipaldi (Argentina, Brazil ndi Spain) ndipo anayi ndi Sweden. Ronnie Peterson (France, Austria, Italy ndi USA).

Kutsika ndi kuwuka

Chisangalalo chokha cha Lotus mu 1974 iwo amachokera ku Peterson (wopambana ku Monte Carlo, France ndi Italy), ndipo mu 1975 malo okhawo - cholakwa cha galimoto yachikale - ndi ya Belgian. Jackie X (wachiwiri ku Spain).

Kukwera kunayamba mu 1976 ndikupambana kwa America Mario ndiretti kumapeto komaliza kwa nyengo, yomwe a GP aku Japan adanenapo mu kanema "Rush", ndipo mu 1977 timu yaku England idakhudza mutu wa Constructors ndi Andretti (woyamba kumadzulo kwa USA, ku Spain, ku France ndi ku Italy) komanso ndi a Sweden Gunnar Nielsson (patsogolo pa wina aliyense ku Belgium).

Mpikisano wotsiriza wapadziko lonse

Mpikisano wotsiriza wapadziko lonse Lotus kuyambira 1978: chaka chosangalatsa komanso chomvetsa chisoni cha timu ya Colin Chapman. Andretti amakhala ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi (Argentina, Belgium, Spain, France, Germany ndi Holland), ndi mnzake Peterson (wopambana ku South Africa ndi ku Austria), yemwe adabwerera ku Lotus atasiya gululi pamavuto, ataya moyo wake ... pangozi ku Italy Grand Prix. Patadutsa mwezi umodzi, Nilsson amasowa chifukwa chotupa.

Mpweya wamavuto

Pambuyo paudindo wapadziko lonse lapansi wamagulu awiri "aku Britain", panali nyengo yamavuto, yomwe mzaka zitatu zikubwerazi sinakwerepo pamwamba pa nsanja: waku Argentina ali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Carlos Reitemann (Malo achiwiri ku Argentina ndi Spain ku 2), kuchokera kwa athu Elio de Angelis (Malo achiwiri ku Brazil mu 2) ndi aku Britain Nigel Mansell (Malo achitatu ku Belgium mu 3).

Tsalani bwino, Chapman

La Lotus kubwerera ku chigonjetso mu 1982 - ku Austria - chifukwa de Angelis. Chaka chomwecho, Colin Chapman anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Zaka ziwiri zotsatira zinali zosauka (Mansell anamaliza wachitatu mu 1983 European Grand Prix, ku France ndi Netherlands mu 1984, ndi de Angelis wachitatu ku Brazil, San Marino ndi Dallas mu 1984).

Mphindi zomaliza zachisangalalo

Siginecha ya driver waku Brazil Ayrton Senna mu 1985, izi zimalola timu yaku Britain kubwerera ku chipambano. South America ikulamulira Portugal (kupambana koyamba pantchito) ndi Belgium, pomwe mnzake de Angelis akukwera pamwamba pa nsanja ya San Marino.

Kuyambira chaka chamawa, kupambana kokha kwa Lotus akuchokera ku Ayrton: awiri mu 1986 (Spain ndi Detroit) ndipo awiri mu 1987 (Monte Carlo ndi Detroit).

Nthawi zakuda

Senna adapereka Lotus mu 1988 pomwe waku Brazil Nelson Piquet amatha kutenga malo atatu (Brazil, San Marino ndi Australia). Kuyambira pamenepo, palibe: mu 1989, timu yaku Britain idatsala pang'ono kukwera pabwaloli kangapo (malo atatu achinayi ku Pique ku Canada, Great Britain ndi Japan ndi amodzi aku Japan). Satoru Nakajima ku Australia), ndipo mu 1990 zotsatira zabwino - malo achisanu a British. Derek Warwick ku Hungary.

Mu 1991 Lotus amadalira makamaka Chifinishi Mika Heckkinen (wachisanu ku San Marino), yomwe inali kawiri pachinayi ku France ndi Hungary chaka chotsatira. Waku Britain Johnny Herbert (malo achinayi ku Brazil, ku Grand Prix ku Europe ndi Great Britain ku 1993 ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri ku Brazil ku Grand Prix ya Pacific ndi ku France ku 1994, chaka choyamba chopanda mfundo ku timu yaku England) amapeza malo abwino kwambiri a timu asanasiyane ndi Circus.

Kapena mwatsatanetsatane

La Lotus ibwerera ku Fomula 1 mu 2010, koma gululi lili ndi zinthu zochepa kwambiri zofanana ndi zomwe zidachoka mu Circus mu 1994. Choyamba, salinso waku Britain, koma waku Malaysia, popeza adabadwa kuchokera ku mgwirizano wopangidwa ndi ena amalonda ochokera kudziko la Asia komanso boma la Kuala Lumpur, lomwe limalandira kuchokera kwa opanga magalimoto Proton (wobadwira ku Malaysia komanso mwini wa dzina la "Britain") kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lakale kuti agwire ntchito ku Circus.

Gululi lidasewera nyengo ziwiri osapambana mfundo imodzi: chaka choyamba ndi Finn. Heikki Kovalainen ali pa 12th ku Japan, pomwe malo khumi ndi atatu amafika chaka chamawa: awiri ndi athu Jarno Trulli (Australia ndi Monte Carlo) ndi wina ndi Kovalainen (Italy).

Lumpha pamtundu

Mu 2012, atakhala kuti adamenya nkhondo yayitali, dzina Lotus imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto akale okhala ndi Renault (gulu lomwe lathandizidwa kale ndi opanga aku Britain chaka chapitacho). Gululi, lomwe labwerera mchingerezi, limapambana Grand Prix (yomwe ili ku Abu Dhabi ndi a Finn Kimi Raikkonen) pambuyo pa zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu za njala ndipo mu 2013 ikubweretsa kupambana kwatsopano, komanso ndi Raikkonen ku Australia.