Horsepower ndi gawo la mphamvu ya injini. Momwe mungasinthire km kukhala kW? Werengani!

Kodi mphamvu yamahatchi ndi chiyani? Kodi mphamvu ya injini imawerengedwa bwanji?

Kuti mupeze yankho la funso loti mphamvu yamahatchi ndi chiyani, muyenera kubwerera m'mbiri yazaka za zana la XNUMX. Zonsezi zinayamba ndi mfundo yakuti nyama zinasinthidwa m’migodi. Kupangidwa kwa injini ya nthunzi yokhoza kugwira ntchito yofananayi kunali chifukwa cha kutsimikiza kwa mphamvu zake. Woyambitsa Chingelezi komanso mainjiniya a Thomas Savery adabwera ndi lingaliro losavuta komanso nthawi yomweyo lowoneka bwino kwambiri. Iye ananena kuti mphamvu ya gululi tingaiyerekezere ndi chiwerengero cha mahatchi amene amagwira ntchito mogwira ntchito mofanana nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, injini yoyaka mkati, yomwe idagwira ntchito ya maola 24, yomwe mahatchi adagwirapo, idayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu ya 10-12.

Komabe, iyi sinali njira yolondola kwambiri yoyezera. M’chenicheni, chinalibe chochita pang’ono ndi mphamvu zenizeni. Mu 1782, James Watt adathandizira sayansi ndi magalimoto. Anagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yowerengera mphamvu zamahatchi pogwiritsa ntchito magawo ovomerezeka. Iye anaona kuti hatchi pabwalo la masewera (treadmill) imayenda mtunda wa mamita 55 mu mphindi imodzi. Anaika mtengo wake wolemera makilogilamu 82, zomwe zinam’thandiza kuŵerengera ntchito yochitidwa ndi nyamayo. Zotsatira zake, adatsimikiza kuti mahatchi amodzi akufanana ndi 1 ft x lbf/min. Umu ndi momwe 33 watt idapangidwira.

Magawo a Mphamvu - Sinthani kW kukhala km

Pambuyo pake pakukula kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wamagalimoto, zovuta zidabuka ndi kuwerengera mphamvu zama injini. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mdzikolo. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko a Anglo-Saxon dzina la mayina linatengedwa Mphamvu za akavalozomwe zikugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano. Mphamvu ya akavalo, kumbali ina, idachokera ku Germany ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi dzinali Ku Pferdester (PS, kavalo wamphamvu). Tanthauzo losiyana pang'ono ndi hp. (Mphamvu yamabuleki), yomwe ndi mphamvu yoyesedwa pa dynamometer, poganizira kukana kwa njira yotumizira. Pakali pano akuvomerezedwa kuti 1 hp. ndi 0,74 kW.

Kodi kuwerengera ndiyamphamvu?

Kuyang'ana pa satifiketi yolembetsa, mupezamo mtengo wa kW wokha, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake mwalamulo mu dongosolo lapadziko lonse la magawo ndi miyeso (SI). Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mahatchi omwe galimoto yanu ili nayo, muyenera kutenga 1 kW = 1,36 hp. Mwachitsanzo, injini ya 59 kW imapanga 80 hp. Pankhani ya kavalo wa nthunzi (hp), mtengo wake ndi wosiyana pang'ono, popeza 1 kW = 1,34 hp. Chifukwa chake, magalimoto omwewo omwe amagulitsidwa m'misika yosiyanasiyana amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi osiyana pang'ono. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti mphamvu sizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka mkati. Ndizochokera ku torque, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuyenda bwino kwagalimoto.