Lockheed Martin JAGM

Mfuti ya AH-1Z Viper ikuyambitsa mzinga wa AGM-114R Hellfire II poyesedwa pa June 24, 2004. Zithunzi za Lockheed Martin

Mu June chaka chino, Lockheed Martin adalandira chilolezo choyambitsa zida zazing'ono za JAGM air-to-ground guided mizinga. M'zaka zikubwerazi, mizinga ya JAGM idzalowa m'malo motsatizana ndi zida za BGM-71 TOW, AGM-114 Hellfire II ndi AGM-65 Maverick.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 114, Pentagon idalengeza koyamba za dongosolo loti alowe m'malo mwa AGM-65 Hellfire ndi AGM-169 Maverick yowongoleredwa ndi mizinga imodzi, yosunthika. Ntchito yomanga otchedwa. AGM-2007 JCM (Joint Common Missile). Patapita zaka zingapo, pulogalamu yofuna kutchuka inaimitsidwa. Mu XNUMX, idakhazikitsidwanso, nthawi ino yotchedwa "Joint Air-to-Ground Missile" - JAGM (Joint Air-to Ground Missile). Nthawi yomweyo, Asitikali aku US adayambitsa pulogalamu yopangira zida zatsopano zamoto wa Hellfire, zomwe zimatchedwa Hellfire II. Mzinga wa Hellfire II, wotulutsidwa m'zosintha zisanu ndi chimodzi, unakhala wopambana kwambiri.

Mbiri ya mizinga yoyendetsedwa ndi Hellfire idayamba chapakati pazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zazaka zapitazi. Asitikali ankhondo aku US adayambitsa pulogalamu yopangira zida zankhondo zoyendetsedwa ndi laser zoyendetsedwa ndi ndege kuti ziwononge akasinja, magalimoto okhala ndi zida ndi mipanda yolimba. Pulogalamuyi ili ndi chidule cha HELLFIRE (HELicopter Inayambitsa FIRE ndikuyiwala - "ma helikopita othamangitsidwa ndikuyiwala"), yomwe patapita zaka zambiri idakhala dzina la rocket - Hellfire. Chombocho, chotchedwa AGM-114A, chinapangidwa ndi Rockwell International, yomwe mu 1982 inalandira mgwirizano wa kupanga kwawo kwakukulu.

Mizinga ya AGM-114A Hellfire inalowa mu 1985 ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma helikoputala a AH-64A Apache ndi AH-1W SuperCobra. Pambuyo pake, ma helikoputala a OH-58D, MH-60K ndi L, komanso ma SH-60B, HH-60H, MH-60R ndi ma helikoputala apanyanja a S. (pambuyo pake: Lockheed Martin/Marvin M272 ndi M299), chifukwa chomwe helikopita imodzi imatha kukhala ndi zida zokwana 310 zamoto. Pa Disembala 16, 20, moto wa Gehena unagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pomenya nkhondo ndi ma helikoputala a Apache a AH-1989A pa Operation Just Cause ku Panama. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri zida zoponya pa nthawi ya Operation Desert Storm mu Januwale 64 mosakayikira kunathandizira ntchito yawo yosangalatsa yapadziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano ali m’mayiko 1991.

Hellfire Missile I

Mzinga wotsogozedwa ndi Hellfire udapangidwa ngati modular system (HMMS - Hellfire Modular Missile System), kotero ukhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta posintha zinthu. Chombocho chili ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu: mutu wa homing, zida zankhondo (warhead), chipinda chowongolera ndi chipinda cha injini (injini).

Mivi ya m'badwo woyamba (Hellfire I) inamangidwa muzosintha zinayi: AGM-114A, AGM-114B, AGM-114C ndi AGM-114F. Mtundu wapansi unapangidwanso, wotchedwa AGM-114A GLH-L (Ground Launched Hellfire-Light), kuwombera kuchokera ku zoyambitsa ma tubular okwera pamagalimoto. Mtundu wapansi wa mzinga wa AGM-114A, wotchulidwa RBS-17, walamulidwa ndi Sweden. Mivi iyi imayatsidwa kuchokera ku zida zonyamulira njanji zomwe zimayikidwa pa ma tripod opinda. Ma RBS-17 ali ndi zida zogawikana kwambiri.

AGM-114A ili ndi kutalika kwa 1,63 m, fuselage m'mimba mwake ndi 0,177 m (kutalika kwa zipsepse 0,71 m) ndikulemera 45 kg. Kutalika kwake kwakukulu ndi 8 km. Warhead ndi mtengo wooneka ngati mkuwa (HEAT - High Explosive Anti-Tank) wolemera ma kilogalamu asanu ndi atatu. Pulojekitiyi ili ndi kulunjika kwa laser ya semi-active. Cholingacho chiyenera kuunikiridwa ndi mtengo wa laser wochokera kunja (helicopter kapena oyendetsa pansi). Injini yolimba ya rocket ya Thiokol TX-657 imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi. Injini imapanga mathamangitsidwe oyambirira a g + 10 ndipo amatha kupititsa patsogolo projectile mpaka 1520 km / h.

AGM-114B ndi AGM-114C ali ndi miyeso ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi AGM-114A. AGM-114B ndi mzinga wa AGM-114A wokhala ndi injini yosasuta ya M120E1, pomwe mtundu wa C ndi AGM-114A wokhala ndi gawo lamagetsi la Safe/Arming Device (SAD). Baibuloli linapangidwira a Navy (US Navy) malinga ndi zofunikira zawo zachitetezo pazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zombo.

Mtundu wa AGM-114F ndi womwe umatchedwa. mtundu wapakatikati. Chombocho chili ndi zida ziwiri za HEAT zomwe zimatha kulowa zida zamagalimoto zolimbikitsidwa ndi zida zakale zankhondo (ERA - Explosive Reactive Armor ndi SLERA - Self-Limiting Explosive Reactive Armor). Komabe, deta pa luso lolowera amagawidwa. Wankhondo amalemera 9 kg. Chombo cha AGM-114F ndichotalika kuposa mtundu wa A/B/C pa 1,80 m komanso cholemera pa 48,5 kg. Njira yake yothandiza ndiyocheperako ndipo ndi pafupifupi 7 km.

Rocket Hellfire II

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi m’zaka za zana lapitalo, m’badwo wachiŵiri wa mizinga yamoto wa Helo unapangidwa, wotchedwa Hellfire II. Panali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yayikulu, yosankhidwa monga: AGM-114K, AGM-114L, AGM-114P, AGM-114M, AGM-114N ndi AGM-114R.

Woyamba wa banja la Hellfire II, mzinga wa AGM-114K unamangidwa pamaziko a AGM-114F. Komabe, ndi yayifupi (1,63 m) ndi yopepuka (45,4 kg) ndipo ili ndi kutalika kwa 8 km. AGM-114K ili ndi zida zamagawo awiri. Chitsogozo chimagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono pa laser, koma zida zake za optoelectronic zimagonjetsedwa ndi kusokonezedwa. Ilinso ndi autopilot ya digito yomwe imakulolani kuti mukhalebe ndi njira yowuluka ngakhale chizindikiro cha laser chizilala kapena kusokonezedwa. AGM-114K imakhala ndi mtundu watsopano, wamagetsi wagawo lachitetezo / chitetezo (ESAF - Electronic Safe, Arm, Fire). Pamaziko a AGM-114K, mtundu unapangidwanso, womwe unalandira dzina lakuti AGM-114K-2A. Chombocho chimakhala ndi mutu wankhondo wophulika kwambiri (chiwongola dzanja chili mu "chikono" chachitsulo. Imakulolani kuti muwononge bwino magalimoto okhala ndi zida kapena opanda zida ndi mipanda m'malo otseguka.

AGM-114L Longbow Hellfire ndi mtundu wa AGM-114K wopangidwira makamaka ma helikoputala a AH-64D Apache Longbow. Rocket ili ndi kutalika kwa 1,76 m ndipo imalemera 49 kg. Ndilo mzinga woyamba wa Hellfire womwe umagwira ntchito pamoto-ndi-kuyiwala komanso nyengo zonse. Ili ndi radar yogwira ntchito ya millimeter-wave homing (MMW), ndipo gawo la inertial limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida zowongolera mizinga. Pambuyo poyambitsa, mzingawo umalunjika pa chandamale pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation a mutu wake wa homing. Pakadali pano, palibe chifukwa choperekeza chandamale ndi helikopita. Kugwiritsa ntchito radar kumapangitsanso kuti muzitha kuyang'anira bwino chandamale chobisika ndi utsi, chifunga kapena fumbi. Pazifukwa zotere, kuunikira kwa chandamale ndi mtengo wa laser sikuthandiza chifukwa chakumwaza kapena kusinthika kwa mtengowo. Chombo cha AGM-114L chili ndi zida ziwiri. AGM-114L idafika pokonzekera nkhondo yoyamba mu 2000.

Chombo cha AGM-114M chinapangidwa ndi dongosolo la US Navy (US Navy). Womangidwa pamaziko a AGM-114K, roketiyo ili ndi kutalika kwa 1,63 m, kulemera kwa 48,2 kg ndipo ili ndi mutu wankhondo wogawanika (HEI - High-Explosive Incendiary). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga mabwato ndi zombo zokhala ndi zida zochepa, komanso zomwe zimatchedwa. zowunikira zowunikira zomwe zimapezeka m'malo omangidwa. Mivi iyi idagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu 2000.

Chombo cha AGM-114N chinapangidwanso pamaziko a AGM-114K ndipo chili ndi miyeso ndi kulemera kofanana ndi AGM-114M. Izi ndizosiyana ndi kuthamanga kwa thermobaric (mafuta-mpweya). Warhead yowonjezereka imakhala ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo chomwe chimayaka kwambiri pakuphulika (MAC - Metal Augmented Charge). Kuphulika kwake kungathe "kuyamwa" mpweya kunja kwa nyumba, bunkers kapena mapanga. Pamalo otseguka, amadziwika ndi radius yayikulu yowononga, chifukwa chake ndi yabwino kuwononga zomwe zimatchedwa. zofewa.

Mtundu wa AGM-114P, kumbali ina, ndi mtundu wa AGM-114K womwe unapangidwira makamaka ma drones. Itha kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera kumtunda (kumene ma drones nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito) ndipo yawonjezera kukana zochitika za mumlengalenga (mphepo, kusintha kwa kutentha). Ikakhazikitsidwa, imatha kusintha njira yake yowulukira mpaka madigiri a 180, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi ma drones, omwe sangasunthike kwambiri kuposa ma helikoputala.