LKS mu Russian

Chitsanzo Vasily Bykov pa mayesero nyanja. Silhouette ya sitimayo ndi yamakono. Komabe, otsutsa ku Russia amamudzudzula chifukwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono chifukwa chosowa mitundu yofunikira kwambiri ya ma module aumishonale. Akuwonetsanso kuti WMF…sichifuna konse, chifukwa ntchito zoteteza malire ndi kuyang'anira dera lazachuma panyanja zimayendetsedwa ndi a Coast Guard - monganso ntchito yathu ya Maritime Border Guard.

Lingaliro la zombo zamitundu yambiri, kutengera kuthekera kosinthana zida ndi zida zofunika kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana, sichachilendo kumayiko akumadzulo. Komabe, zinthu ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi Navy wa Chitaganya cha Russia, amene akutenga masitepe oyambirira panjira imeneyi.

Kusintha koyamba kwa zombo zokhazikika kunali Danish Standard Flex system, yomwe ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito mpaka pano. Komabe, kwenikweni sizinali za kuthekera kwa kasinthidwe mwapadera kwa sitima inayake kuti igwire ntchitoyo, koma za kupeza mgwirizano wothandiza, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira yomweyi komanso kulumikizana kwa zida zankhondo kapena zida zapadera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zombo. . . Kwa zaka zambiri zakuchita, izi zikutanthauza kuti ngalawa yokhala ndi, mwachitsanzo, sonar yokokedwa, inapita kunyanja kwa miyezi yambiri, ndipo kusintha kunachitika pokhapokha atalowa m'bwalo la ngalawa kuti akonze nthawi yayitali, kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kukonzanso. Ndiye gawo "lotulutsidwa" likhoza kupeza chombo china chokhala ndi Standard Flex system. Pulogalamu ya American LCS (Littoral Combat Ship) yokhayo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lino ndiyomwe imayenera kukhala yoyamba yofunidwa modular system. Mitundu iwiri ya zombo zomwe zimapangidwira ndipo zikumangidwirabe US Navy, ufulu wamba ndi Independence trimaran, zili m'gulu la frigates ponena za kusamuka kwawo. Ali ndi zida zankhondo zosasunthika komanso zida zazifupi zolimbana ndi ndege, ndipo zida zina zonse zomwe akuyembekezera zimasinthidwa. Lingaliro lochepetsera mitengo ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwa zombo zofananira pazolinga zosiyanasiyana linali labwino, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwake kunali kotumbululuka kwa Achimereka - panali mavuto ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi kuphatikiza ma module a ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa zomangamanga ndi gawo lonse. pulogalamu. Komabe, mwamsanga anapeza otsatira.

Pakati pa gulu lalikulu la zombo zofananira zofanana, zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsedwa: mtundu wa alonda waku France L'Adroit Gowind, mtundu wa Singaporean Independence (aka Littoral Mission Vessel), mtundu wa Omani Al-Ofouq (wopangidwa ndikumangidwa ku Singapore) kapena mtundu wa Brunei wa Darussalam (wopangidwa ndikumangidwa ku Federal Germany). Amadziwika ndi zida zokhazikika komanso zida zogwirira ntchito kumbuyo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malo otsetsereka poyambira mabwato - ofanana ndi LCS. Komabe, amasiyana kukula kwake. Ambiri aiwo samapitilira kusamuka kwa matani 1300-1500, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wawo ukhale wotsika katatu kuposa wa anzawo aku America, otsika mtengo. Sitima yoyang'anira migodi ya Chapla imayenera kukhala yofanana ndi iwo, koma zikuwoneka kuti lingaliro lomanga gulu lankhondo lankhondo laku Poland silinasangalatse aliyense - ngakhale amalinyero kapena ochita zisankho, ndipo adasungidwa. .

Komabe, anthu a ku Russia ankakonda, zomwe ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha njira yawo yopangira zombo. Palibe kukayika kuti poyambirira idawonedwa ngati chinthu chotumiza kunja, koma kumanga magawo ofanana a WMF adalamulidwa. Chifukwa chake chinali kusowa kwa ndalama zopangira zombo zolimbana kwambiri, zomwe zikanagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira. Komanso, kuwaika muutumiki ndi zombo zawo kudzalimbitsa ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovomerezeka pamaso pa ogula. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kulowa bwino pamsika wankhondo, kulondera ndi othandizira kunja ochokera kumayiko monga China, India, Republic of Korea kapena Singapore zomwe tatchulazi zipangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti Moscow idutse. malingaliro m'derali, makamaka pakati pa olandira miyambo ku Asia ndi Middle East.

Nyengo yatsopano ku WMF

Navy ya Chitaganya cha Russia kwa nthawi yaitali ikuona kufunika kwa mayunitsi omwe amatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kusintha komwe kumamuyembekezera - kuchokera ku zombo zazikulu zapanyanja za Cold War kupita ku magulu ankhondo amakono okhala ndi zombo zapadziko lonse lapansi - zidawonetsa chiyambi cha chitukuko chamagulu ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati osamukira. "Cold War" akanakhoza pang'ono kudzaza kusiyana, chifukwa magawo awo tactical ndi luso ndi zaka sanalole mokwanira izi. M'malo mwake, lingaliro linayambika kuti apange mtundu watsopano wa sitima yapamadzi yomwe ingayang'anire bwino dera lachuma ndikuchita nawo nkhondo ngati kuli kofunikira. Njira yothetsera vutoli ikhoza kukhala zombo zazing'ono zoponya za polojekiti 21631 "Buzhan-M" kapena 22800 "Karakurt", koma izi ndizomwe zimapangidwira, komanso zotsika mtengo kumanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, komanso zofunikira kwina.

Ntchito yoyendetsa sitima yapamadzi ya projekiti ya 22160 ya VMP idayamba molawirira kwambiri - pakati pazaka khumi zoyambirira zazaka zathu. Iwo anachitidwa ndi JSC "Northern Design Bureau" (SPKB) ku St. Petersburg motsogozedwa ndi mlengi wamkulu Alexei Naumov. Mgwirizano ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo pamtengo wophiphiritsa wa ma ruble 475 (pafupifupi 000 zł pakusinthana kwa nthawi imeneyo) kuti apange mapangidwe oyambira adamalizidwa mu 43. Pochita izi, alonda 000 adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wybrzeże Służby Pogranicza wa FSB wa Russian Federation (kumanga kwa Rubin prototype kunayamba mu 2013, ndipo adalowa ntchito zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake), iyi ndi nyumba yatsopano, ndipo - chifukwa cha zinthu zaku Russia. - zatsopano. Cholinga cha miyeso iyi chinali kupanga zotsika mtengo pomanga ndi kugwira ntchito, komanso nthawi yomweyo zogwira mtima, zokhala ndi nyanja yabwino, zokhala ndi zolinga zambiri, zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito zingapo zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha madzi am'madera ndi makilomita a 22460. chigawo chachuma chokhacho panyanja zazitali komanso zotsekedwa, komanso kupewa kuzembetsa ndi umbava, kusaka ndi thandizo kwa ozunzidwa ndi masoka apanyanja komanso kuyang'anira chilengedwe. Panthawi ya nkhondo, mlondayo adzayenera kugwira ntchito zoteteza zombo ndi zombo panthawi yodutsa panyanja, komanso maziko ndi malo osungiramo madzi. Mu ntchito izi, mayunitsi a polojekiti 2007 ayenera m'malo zombo zing'onozing'ono za ntchito ZOP 200M ndi 22160M, zombo zombo za ntchito 1124 ndi 1331 ndi osewerera migodi, onse mu nthawi Soviet.

Sitima yapamadzi ya Project 22160 ndi sitima yoyamba yapamadzi yaku Russia yotengera lingaliro la zida ndi zida zofananira. Gawo la izo lidzakhazikitsidwa kwamuyaya panthawi yomanga, pamene pali malire a kusamuka ndi malo opangira msonkhano wowonjezera panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo - chofunika kwambiri - malo osankhidwa a ma modules osinthika pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingasinthidwe ndi ena kutengera chosowa. Kuonjezera apo, gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosololi ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika zoyendetsa ndege, chifukwa chake n'zotheka kukhazikitsa helikopita yomwe imathandizira maulendo ambiri.

Kuyenda panyanja, kuthamanga ndi kudziyimira pawokha zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, komanso chitonthozo cha ogwira nawo ntchito, ndizofunikanso pachombo chamitundu yambiri chokhala ndi malire ochepa. Kuti akwaniritse magawo oyenerera, chiboliboli chopanda masinthidwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupanga ndi kukonza kwake ndikotsika mtengo komanso kosavuta. Mafelemu a uta ali ndi mawonekedwe akuya a V, okometsedwa kuti aziyenda kwanthawi yayitali pa liwiro lalikulu m'mafunde, ndipo mafelemu akumbuyo amaphwanyidwa, ndikupanga ngalande ziwiri zopalasa m'dera la mzere wa shaft. Mbali ya mphuno ili ndi babu ya hydrodynamic yatsopano ndipo ma shaft onse awiri amatembenuzidwira kunja. Kukonzekera kotereku kumalola kuyenda munyanja iliyonse, kugwiritsa ntchito zida mpaka 5 mfundo ndikugwira ntchito kwa ma helikopita mpaka 4 mfundo. Malingana ndi SPKB, maonekedwe a m'madzi a sitima yapamadzi ya polojekiti ya 22160 adzakhala oposa kawiri kukula kwa sitimayo (frigate) ya polojekiti 11356 ndi kusamutsidwa kwathunthu kwa pafupifupi 4000 rpm.