Batire ya li-ion

Lithium ion batire kapena lithiamu ion batire ndi mtundu wa batire ya lithiamu

Emerging Technologies for Electric Mobility

Mafoni a m'manja, makamera apabwalo, ma drones, zida zamagetsi, njinga zamoto zamagetsi, ma scooters ... lero mabatire a lithiamu ali ponseponse m'miyoyo yathu yatsiku ndi tsiku ndipo asintha machitidwe ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito. Koma kodi amabweretsa chiyani ndipo angasinthebe?

Batire ya li-ion

История

Munali m'ma 1970 kuti batire ya lithiamu-ion idayambitsidwa ndi Stanley Whittingham. Ntchito yomalizayi idzapitirizidwa ndi John B. Goodenow ndi Akiro Yoshino mu 1986. Sizinafike mpaka 1991 pomwe Sony idakhazikitsa batire yoyamba yamtundu wake pamsika ndikuyamba kusintha kwaukadaulo. Mu 2019, opanga nawo atatu adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel mu Chemistry.

Kodi ntchito?

Batire ya lithiamu-ion kwenikweni ndi paketi ya maselo angapo a lithiamu-ion omwe amakulolani kusunga ndi kubwezeretsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Batire imakhazikika pazigawo zitatu zazikulu: electrode yabwino yotchedwa cathode, electrode negative yotchedwa anode, ndi electrolyte, njira yoyendetsera.

Batire ikatulutsidwa, anode imatulutsa ma elekitironi kudzera mu electrolyte kupita ku cathode, yomwe imasinthiratu ma ion abwino. Kusuntha kumasintha mukamalipira.

Choncho, mfundo yogwira ntchito imakhala yofanana ndi "kutsogolera" batire, kupatulapo apa kutsogolera ndi okusayidi kutsogolera maelekitirodi m'malo ndi cobalt okusayidi cathode, kuphatikizapo kakombo ndi graphite anode. Momwemonso, sulfuric acid kapena kusamba kwamadzi kumapereka njira ya electrolyte yokhala ndi mchere wa lithiamu.

Masiku ano, electrolyte yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yamadzimadzi, koma kafukufuku akupita ku electrolyte yolimba, yotetezeka komanso yolimba.

ubwino

Chifukwa chiyani batire ya lithiamu-ion yalowa m'malo ena onse m'zaka 20 zapitazi?

Yankho lake ndi losavuta. Batire iyi imapereka kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kamphamvu motero imapereka njira yochepetsera zolemera zomwezo poyerekeza ndi lead, nickel…

Mabatirewa amakhalanso ndi madzi otsika kwambiri (oposa 10% pamwezi), alibe kukonza ndipo alibe kukumbukira.

Pomaliza, ngakhale kuti ndi okwera mtengo kuposa matekinoloje akale a batri, ndi otsika mtengo kuposa lithiamu polima (Li-Po) ndipo amakhala opambana kuposa lithiamu phosphate (LiFePO4).

Lithium-ion idasinthidwa kukhala ma 2-wheelers, pano ndi BMW C Evolution

zolakwa

Komabe, mabatire a lithiamu-ion si abwino ndipo makamaka amakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa cell ngati atatulutsidwa kwathunthu. Choncho, kuti asataye katundu wawo mofulumira, ndi bwino kuwakweza popanda kuyembekezera mpaka atakhala pansi.

Choyamba, batire ikhoza kubweretsa zoopsa zachitetezo. Batire ikadzaza kapena kugwa pansi -5 ° C, lithiamu imalimba kudzera mu dendrites kuchokera ku electrode iliyonse. Pamene anode ndi cathode zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma dendrites awo, batri ikhoza kugwira moto ndikuphulika. Milandu yambiri yanenedwa ndi Nokia, Fujitsu-Siemens kapena Samsung, kuphulika kwachitikanso pa ndege, kotero lero ndikoletsedwa kunyamula batire ya lithiamu-ion mu thumba, ndipo kutera mu kanyumba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa malinga ndi mphamvu ( zoletsedwa pamwamba pa 160 Wh komanso kutengera chilolezo kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 160 Wh).

Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuthana ndi izi, opanga akhazikitsa njira zowongolera zamagetsi (BMS) zomwe zimatha kuyeza kutentha kwa batire, kuwongolera mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikuchita ngati zodulira ngati zitavuta. Ma electrolyte olimba kapena ma polima gel nawonso amawunikidwa kuti apewe vutoli.

Komanso, kuti mupewe kutenthedwa, kulipiritsa kwa batire kumachepera pa 20 peresenti yomaliza, kotero nthawi yolipira nthawi zambiri imalengezedwa pa 80%…

Zothandiza kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, komabe, batire ya lithiamu-ion imakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe, choyamba pochotsa lithiamu, yomwe imafuna kuchuluka kwa zakuthambo kwa madzi atsopano, kenako ndikuyibwezeretsanso kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Komabe, kukonzanso kapena kugwiritsiranso ntchito kukukulirakulira chaka ndi chaka.

njinga yamoto yovundikira magetsi 5,4kwh ATL 60V 45A Li-ion batire

Tsogolo la lithiamu ion ndi chiyani?

Pamene kafukufuku akuchulukirachulukira ku njira zamakono zomwe sizikuipitsa, zokhazikika, zotsika mtengo kupanga, kapena zotetezeka, kodi batire ya lithiamu-ion yafika malire ake?

Batire ya lithiamu-ion, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito pamakampani kwazaka makumi atatu, sinakhale ndi mawu ake omaliza, ndipo zomwe zikuchitika zikupitiliza kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe wamagetsi, kuthamanga kwa liwiro kapena chitetezo. Taona izi m'zaka, makamaka m'munda wa mawilo amoto awiri kumene njinga yamoto yovundikira inatha pafupifupi makilomita makumi asanu zaka 5 zapitazo, ena njinga zamoto tsopano kuposa 200 ma terminal osiyanasiyana.

Malonjezo osinthika ndi gulu lankhondo, monga Nawa carbon electrode, Jenax collapsible batire, 105 ° C kutentha kwa NGK…

Tsoka ilo, kafukufuku nthawi zambiri amayang'anizana ndi zovuta za phindu komanso zofunikira zamakampani. Poyembekezera chitukuko cha njira zamakono, makamaka lithiamu-mpweya, amene aliyense akuyembekezera, lithiamu-ion akadali ndi tsogolo lowala, makamaka mu dziko la magetsi mawilo awiri, kumene kulemera ndi kuchepetsa mapazi ndi zofunika zofunika.