Yesani Kuyendetsa Injini ya Audi - Gawo 1: 1.8 TFSI

Mitundu yambiri yamagalimoto amtunduwo ndi chithunzithunzi cha mayankho apamwamba kwambiri.

Mndandanda wokhudza magalimoto osangalatsa kwambiri pakampani

Ngati tikufuna chitsanzo cha njira yakutsogolo yachuma yomwe imatsimikizira kuti kampaniyo ndiyokhazikika, ndiye kuti Audi ikhoza kukhala chitsanzo chabwino pankhaniyi. M'zaka za m'ma 70s, palibe amene angaganize kuti tsopano kampani yochokera ku Ingolstadt ikhala mpikisano wofanana ndi dzina lokhazikitsidwa ngati Mercedes-Benz. Yankho la zifukwa zake likhoza kupezeka m'mawu akuti "Kupita patsogolo kudzera mu matekinoloje", omwe ndi maziko a njira yodutsa bwinobwino yovuta kupita ku gawo loyambira. Malo omwe palibe amene ali ndi ufulu wonyengerera ndipo amangopereka zabwino kwambiri. Zomwe Audi ndi makampani ena ochepa okha angachite zimawatsimikizira kufunikira kwa malonda awo ndikukwaniritsa magawo ofanana, komanso cholemetsa chachikulu, chofuna kuyenda kosunthika m'mphepete mwa lumo lamatekinoloje.

Monga gawo la VW Gulu, Audi ali ndi mwayi wopezerapo mwayi pamipata yachitukuko cha kampani yayikulu. Kaya VW ili ndi mavuto otani, ndikugwiritsa ntchito R&D pachaka pafupifupi ma euro biliyoni 10, gululi limakhala pamwamba pamakampani 50 omwe adayikidwapo kwambiri pantchitoyo, patsogolo pa zimphona monga Samsung Electronics, Microsoft, Intel ndi Toyota (komwe mtengo wake ndi kuposa 7 biliyoni mayuro). Payokha, Audi ili pafupi ndi BMW mu magawo awa, ndi ndalama zawo za 4,0 biliyoni za euro. Komabe, gawo la ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa ku Audi zimachokera mwachindunji ku Treasury ya gulu la VW, popeza zomwe zikuchitika zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi mitundu ina. Zina mwa madera akuluakulu a ntchitoyi ndi matekinoloje opangira magetsi, magetsi, ma transmissions ndi, ndithudi, amayendetsa. Ndipo tsopano tifika pa chiyambi cha nkhaniyi, yomwe ili gawo la mndandanda wathu, womwe umayimira njira zamakono zopangira injini zoyaka moto. Komabe, monga magawano osankhika a VW, Audi imapanganso mzere wina wamagetsi opangidwa makamaka kapena opangidwa ndi magalimoto a Audi, ndipo tidzakuuzani za iwo pano.

1.8 TFSI: mtundu waukadaulo wapamwamba mulimonse

Mbiri ya Audi yamainjini apakati anayi a TFSI adayamba mkatikati mwa 2004, pomwe EA113 yoyamba yopangira mafuta mu turbocharger idatulutsidwa ngati 2.0 TFSI. Patatha zaka ziwiri, mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa Audi S3 udawonekera. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa mfundo yodziyimira payokha EA888 yokhala ndi camshaft drive ndi unyolo pafupifupi inayamba mu 2003, kutatsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa kwa EA113 ndi lamba wa nthawi.

Komabe, EA888 idamangidwa kuchokera pansi ngati injini yapadziko lonse ya VW Gulu. Mbadwo woyamba unayambitsidwa mu 2007 (monga 1.8 TFSI ndi 2.0 TFSI); ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Audi Valvelift variable valve nthawi ndi njira zingapo zochepetsera kukangana mkati, m'badwo wachiwiri udadziwika mu 2009, ndipo m'badwo wachitatu (2011 TFSI ndi 1.8 TFSI) unatsatira kumapeto kwa 2.0. Mitundu inayi ya EA113 ndi EA888 yachita bwino kwambiri kwa Audi, ndikupambana mphoto khumi zolemekezeka za International Engine of the Year ndi 10 Best Engines. Ntchito ya akatswiri ndikupanga injini yokhazikika yokhala ndi 1,8 ndi 2,0 malita, yosinthidwa kuti ikhale yopingasa komanso yotalikirapo, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kukangana kwamkati ndi kutulutsa mpweya, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zatsopano, kuphatikiza Euro 6, ndikuchita bwino. kupirira ndi kuchepetsa kulemera. Kutengera ndi EA888 Generation 3, EA888 Generation 3B idapangidwa ndikuyambitsidwa chaka chatha, ikugwira ntchito pamfundo yofanana ndi mfundo ya Miller. Tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.

Izi zonse zikumveka bwino, koma monga tionere, zimatengera ntchito yachitukuko kuti zitheke. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa makokedwe kuchokera 250 mpaka 320 Nm poyerekeza ndi 1,8-lita kuloŵedwa m'malo, okonza tsopano akhoza kusintha magiya magiya kwa nthawi yaitali, amene amachepetsanso mafuta. Chothandizira chachikulu pazotsatirazi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yaukadaulo, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani ena angapo. Awa ndi mapaipi otulutsa mpweya ophatikizidwa mumutu, omwe amapereka mphamvu yofikira kutentha kwa ntchito ndi mpweya wozizira pansi pa katundu wambiri ndikupewa kufunika kolemeretsa kusakaniza. Njira yotereyi ndiyomveka bwino, komanso yovuta kwambiri kuigwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa zakumwa kumbali zonse ziwiri za mapaipi osonkhanitsa. Komabe, ubwino umaphatikizansopo kuthekera kwa mapangidwe ophatikizika, omwe, kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa kulemera, amatsimikizira njira yayifupi komanso yabwino kwambiri ya gasi yopita ku turbine ndi gawo laling'ono lodzaza mokakamiza ndi kuziziritsa mpweya woponderezedwa. Mwachidziwitso, izi zimamvekanso ngati zoyambirira, koma kukhazikitsa koyenera ndizovuta kwambiri kwa akatswiri oponya. Kuponya mutu wovuta wa silinda, amapanga njira yapadera yogwiritsira ntchito mpaka 12 mitima yazitsulo.

Kusintha kozizira

Chinthu china chofunikira chochepetsera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafuta chimakhudzana ndi njira yofikira kutentha kwa kozizira. Njira zanzeru zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu zimaloleza kuyimitsa kufalikira kwake mpaka kukafika kutentha kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndipo zikachitika, kutentha kumayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kutengera kuchuluka kwa injini. Kupanga malo omwe madzi ozizira amasefukira mapaipi otulutsa utsi, pomwe pali kutentha kwakukulu, zinali zovuta kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, makina ovuta owerengera makompyuta adapangidwa, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa gasi / aluminium / coolant. Chifukwa chakutentha kwamadzimadzi kwamderali ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kutentha, gawo logwiritsira ntchito polima limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe limalowetsa chophatikizira chachikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yotentha, kufalitsa kozizira kumakhala kotsekedwa kwathunthu.

Ma valve onse akunja amatsekedwa ndipo madzi mu jekete amaundana. Ngakhale kanyumba kafunika kutenthedwa nyengo yozizira, kuyendayenda sikumayendetsedwa, koma dera lapadera lokhala ndi pampu yamagetsi yowonjezera imagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe kutuluka kwake kumazungulira mozungulira manifolds. Yankho ili limakupatsani mwayi wopereka kutentha kwanyumba mwachangu kwambiri, ndikusunga mphamvu yowotcha injini mwachangu. Vavu yofananira ikatsegulidwa, kufalikira kwamadzi mu injini kumayamba - ndi momwe kutentha kwamafuta kumafikira mwachangu, kenako valavu ya ozizira ake imatsegulidwa. Kutentha koziziritsa kumayang'aniridwa mu nthawi yeniyeni kutengera katundu ndi liwiro, kuyambira 85 mpaka 107 madigiri (apamwamba kwambiri pa liwiro lotsika ndi katundu) m'dzina la mulingo pakati pa kuchepetsa mikangano ndi kupewa kugogoda. Ndipo si zokhazo - ngakhale injini itazimitsidwa, mpope wapadera wamagetsi ukupitirizabe kuzungulira choziziritsa kukhosi kudzera mu malaya osamva chithupsa pamutu ndi turbocharger kuti achotse kutentha kwa iwo mwachangu. Zotsirizirazi sizimakhudza nsonga za malaya pofuna kupewa hypothermia yawo yofulumira.

Ma nozzles awiri pa silinda

Makamaka injini iyi, kuti afikire mlingo wa Euro 6 umuna, Audi akuyambitsa kwa nthawi yoyamba jekeseni dongosolo ndi nozzles awiri pa silinda - mmodzi wa jekeseni mwachindunji ndi zina zambiri kudya. Kutha kuwongolera jekeseni nthawi iliyonse kumabweretsa kusakaniza bwino kwamafuta ndi mpweya komanso kumachepetsa mpweya wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kupanikizika mu gawo la jakisoni wachindunji kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 150 mpaka 200 bar. Pamene chomaliza sichikuyenda, mafuta amayendetsedwanso ndi ma bypass kugwirizana kudzera mu majekeseni mu manifolds olowetsa kuti aziziziritsa pampu yothamanga kwambiri.

Injini ikayamba, chisakanizocho chimatengedwa ndi jekeseni wachindunji, ndikuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwachangu kwachitika, jakisoni wapawiri umachitika. Njirayi imapereka kusakanikirana kwabwino pamazizira otsika osasefukira magawo azitsulo ozizira a injini. Zomwezi zimaphatikizaponso katundu wolemera kuti mupewe kuphulika. Chifukwa cha kutentha kochulukirapo komanso kapangidwe kake kakang'ono, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito jet turbocharger imodzi (RHF4 yochokera ku IHI) yokhala ndi kafukufuku wa lambda patsogolo pake ndi nyumba yopangidwa ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo.

Zotsatira zake ndi makokedwe apamwamba a 320 Nm pa 1400 rpm. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kugawa kwamagetsi komwe kuli ndi mtengo wokwanira 160 hp. imapezeka pa 3800 rpm (!) Ndipo imakhalabe pamlingo uwu mpaka 6200 rpm yokhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kowonjezeranso (potero kukhazikitsa mitundu ingapo ya 2.0 TFSI, yomwe imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa makokedwe m'mizere yayitali). Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kuposa omwe adalipo kale (mwa 12%) kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta (ndi 22%).

(kutsatira)

Zolemba: Georgy Kolev