Magalimoto okwera a DAF - chitukuko cha Dutch
Timagwirizanitsa mtundu wa Dutch DAF ndi mitundu yonse ya magalimoto, omwe ali pakati pa otchuka kwambiri, makamaka mu gawo la thirakitala, koma kampaniyo inalinso ndi gawo la kupanga magalimoto. Nayi mbiri yachidule ya magalimoto onyamula anthu a DAF.
Ngakhale mbiri ya mtunduwu inayamba m'ma 1949, kupanga magalimoto a DAF kunayamba mu 30, pamene magalimoto awiri adayambitsidwa: A50 ndi A600, ndi injini yomwe ili pansi pa kabati. Chaka chotsatira, chomera chatsopano chinatsegulidwa, chomwe chinalola kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kupanga. Akatswiri achi Dutch adayambanso kupanga mapangidwe ankhondo. M'zaka zapitazi kampaniyo idachita bwino kwambiri kotero kuti adaganiza zoyambitsa mutu watsopano m'mbiri - kupanga galimoto yonyamula anthu. Zaka zisanu ndi zinayi pambuyo pa kuyambika kwa magalimoto oyamba, DAF idayambitsidwa. Inali galimoto yokhayo yomwe inkapangidwa ku Netherlands panthawiyo.
Mtengo wa DAF600 inali ndi matayala ang'onoang'ono a 12 mainchesi 3,6 inchi, koma pagawo ili linali ndi thunthu lalikulu. Kufikira kumpando wakumbuyo kunali kosavuta chifukwa cha zitseko zazikulu ndi kupinda kumbuyo kwa mipando yakutsogolo. Mapangidwe a galimoto angatchedwe amakono ndi ergonomic.
Pagalimoto, yaing'ono yamphamvu mpweya utakhazikika injini voliyumu 590 cm3 ndi mphamvu 22 hp. adalandira pambuyo pa masekondi 90. Kupanga kofunikira kwambiri kunali bokosi la gear la Variomatic lopangidwa ndi woyambitsa nawo wa DAF Hub Van Doorn.
Masiku ano tikudziwa yankho ili ngati chosinthira chopanda malire. Mapangidwe a DAF adatengera ma pulleys awiri a V-belt omwe adasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku injini kupita kumawilo. Chifukwa ma DAF analibe magiya, amatha kupita kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo pa liwiro lomwelo. Kuyambira ndi DAF 600, ma gearbox a Variomatic akhala opanga magalimoto onyamula anthu.
Kudzera muzosindikiza zamalonda Mtengo wa DAF600 analandiridwa mwachikondi. Kukwera chitonthozo, kuwongolera kosavuta komanso kupanga kolingalira kudatamandidwa makamaka, ngakhale chowonadi ndi chakuti Variomatic sinali yabwino. V-malamba sanatsimikizire moyo wautali wautumiki. DAF ikutsimikizira kuti misewu yomwe ili m'dongosololi iyenera kukhala yokwanira kuphimba osachepera 40. km popanda kusintha. Atolankhani sanadandaule za gawo lamagetsi, koma adawona kuti ntchitoyo siili yokhutiritsa.
Galimotoyo idagulitsidwa mpaka 1963. Kuphatikiza pa sedan ya zitseko ziwiri, mtundu wapadziko lonse (kunyamula) unapangidwanso. Panthawi imeneyi, makope 30 a mwanayo anapangidwa. Pakadali pano, mtundu wamphamvu pang'ono unayambika kupanga, womwe unakhala wolowa m'malo mwa 563.
Mtengo wa DAF750 (1961-1963) anali ndi injini yokulirapo ya mtundu womwewo, womwe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kusamuka kwawo, umatulutsa 8 hp. zambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ntchito bwino: liwiro pazipita chinawonjezeka 105 Km / h. Pamodzi ndi 750, chitsanzo china chinayambitsidwa, 30 Daffodil, chomwe sichinali chosiyana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto, koma chinali mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Pa nthawiyo, chojambula cha chrome chinasankhidwa. Unali chitsanzo mtengo kwambiri mu mzere DAF, amene anapereka magalimoto atatu amapasa mu XNUMX oyambirira.
Chisokonezo mu lingalirolo linasokonezedwa mu 1963 pamene linatsegulidwa. DAF Narcissus 31pamene kupanga zitsanzo zina kutha. Galimoto yatsopanoyo inali ndi mawilo akuluakulu (masentimita 13), carburetor inasinthidwa mu injini, koma izi sizinawonjezeke mphamvu, koma zinasintha. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, DAF adapereka mawonekedwe atsopano a thupi lachitsanzo ichi. Inali ngolo yamasiteshoni, yokumbutsa za '56 Bosto Mermaid yotchuka. Katunduyu anali wowala kwambiri kapena wowala pang'ono. Mayunitsi 200 31 a magalimoto onse a Daffodil DAF adapangidwa.
Kukonzekera kotsatira kunachitika mu 1965, ndipo ndi dzina lake linasinthidwa kukhala DAF Daffodil 32. Panalibe kusintha kwakukulu pakupanga mapangidwe, koma thupi linasinthidwanso, lomwe likuwonekera makamaka kutsogolo. Inali nthawi yomwe DAF yoyamba yokhala ndi zokometsera zamasewera inalengedwa - Daffodil 32 S. Powonjezera kukula kwa injini (mpaka 762 cm3), m'malo mwa carburetor ndi fyuluta ya mpweya, mphamvu ya injini inakula mpaka 36 hp. Galimotoyo idapangidwa mu kuchuluka kwa makope a 500 pazolinga zogonana, kuti DAF athe kutenga nawo gawo pamisonkhanoyi. Mtundu wokhazikika wa Model 32 unagulitsa makope 53.
Chithunzi. DAF 33 Kombi, Niels de Witt, flickr. Creative Commons
Banja la magalimoto ang'onoang'ono a DAF labwezeretsanso chitsanzo 33, yopangidwa mu 1967-1974. Apanso, panalibe kusintha kwakukulu kwamakono. Galimotoyo inali yabwino komanso inali ndi injini ya 32 hp, yomwe inalola kuti ifike pa liwiro la 112 km / h. Mtengo wa DAF33 kunakhala kupambana kwakukulu - magalimoto 131 adapangidwa.
Kupanga magalimoto onyamula anthu kunali kopindulitsa kwambiri kotero kuti DAF idaganiza zomanga chomera chatsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wachuma mdziko muno. Pambuyo pa kutsekedwa kwa mgodi m’chigawo cha Limburg, boma la Netherlands linkafuna kupereka ndalama zothandizira m’derali kuti lithane ndi ulova. Eni ake a kampaniyo adatengerapo mwayi ndipo adayamba kumanga nyumbayo ku Born, yomwe idamalizidwa mu 1967. Ndiye kupanga galimoto latsopano, DAF 44, anayamba kumeneko.
Pambuyo poyambira DAF Narcissus 32Wojambula waku Italy Giovanni Michelotti adatenga nawo gawo pakukonzanso, ndipo ntchito idayamba pagalimoto yayikulu yonyamula anthu. Panthawiyi, wopangayo angakwanitse kupanga thupi latsopano, chifukwa chake Mtengo wa DAF44 zinkawoneka zamakono komanso zokongola kwa zaka zapakati pa sikisite. Zinakhalanso zopambana pakugulitsa. Kupanga kunayamba mu 1966 ndikupitilira mpaka 1974. Panthawiyi, mayunitsi okwana 167 adapangidwa.
Chithunzi. Peter Rolthof, flickr.com, ali ndi chilolezo. Creative Community 2.0
Mtengo wa DAF44 inali idakali sedan ya zitseko ziwiri, koma yokulirapo pang’ono, yotalika mamita 3,88. Kuyendetsa komwe kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kunali injini yokwezedwa kuchokera kubanja laling'ono la DAF. 34 hp zidatheka powonjezera voliyumu yogwira ntchito mpaka 844 cm3. Mphamvu idatumizidwa kudzera mumayendedwe osinthika a Variomatic nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza pa sedan, ngolo ya station idayambitsidwanso, yomwe nthawi ino idapangidwa ndikuwongolera kwambiri. Pamaziko a chitsanzo, galimoto yapadera ya Kalmar KVD 440 inamangidwa, yopangidwira positi ya Sweden. Galimotoyo idapangidwa ku Sweden ndi kampani ina, koma idapangidwa kuchokera kumayendedwe onse a DAF 44.
Chithunzi. Peter Rolthof, flickr.com, ali ndi chilolezo. Creative Community 2.0
Idayamba kupanga mu 1974. PA 46zomwe sizinali zosiyana mu thupi ndi zomwe zidalipo kale. Tsatanetsatane wa stylistic wasinthidwa pang'ono, koma kukweza kofunikira kwambiri kunali kugwiritsa ntchito m'badwo watsopano wa Variomatic transmission ndi De-Dion drive axle. Yankho lamtunduwu linkapereka chitonthozo chochulukirapo poyendetsa pamalo osagwirizana ndipo linkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto okwera mtengo panthawiyo, monga Opel Diplomat. Ngakhale kusintha, kupanga chitsanzo ichi sikunali kopambana. Pofika 1976, magawo 32 anali atapangidwa.
Pamwamba pa gawo la magalimoto okwera a DAF anali chitsanzo 55, yomwe inayamba kupanga mu 1968. Panthawiyi a Dutch anasiya injini zawo zazing'ono zoziziritsa mpweya ndi injini yamadzimadzi. M'malo mwa injini yamasilinda awiri, Mtengo wa DAF55 analandira 1,1-lita anayi yamphamvu Renault injini ndi zosakwana 50 HP. injini yamphamvu kwambiri anapereka ntchito yabwino (136 Km / h, mathamangitsidwe 80 Km / h mu masekondi 12), chifukwa galimoto sanali kuvala kulemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi abale ake ang'onoang'ono - ankalemera makilogalamu 785.
Uku kunali kuyesa koyamba kwa DAF pa Variomatic yokhala ndi gawo lamphamvu chotere. Ili linali vuto la uinjiniya, chifukwa malamba oyendetsa anali atatsala pang'ono kunyamula katundu wambiri kuposa momwe amaperekera mphamvu kuchokera ku injini zamasilinda awiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito malamba amphamvu kunakhudza mphamvu ya dongosolo lonse.
Chithunzi. DAF 55 Coupe Nico Quatrevingtsix, flickr.com, chilolezo. Creative Community 2.0
Poyamba, galimotoyo inaperekedwa ngati sedan ya zitseko ziwiri, monga magalimoto onse am'mbuyomu amtunduwu. Chachilendo chinali chitsanzo cha coupe chomwe chinaperekedwa chaka chomwecho, chomwe chinasiyanitsidwa ndi mapangidwe okongola kwambiri. Mzere wakuthwa wa padenga wotsetsereka udawonjezera ukali. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ogula mwaufulu anasankha njirayi, chifukwa DAF sanapereke sedan khomo zinayi.
Inalinso ntchito yosangalatsa. DAF Torpedo - galimoto yamasewera yachiwonetsero yokhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba owoneka ngati wedge. Galimotoyo inamangidwa pamaziko a DAF 55 Coupe - inali ndi injini ya 1,1 lita ndi gearbox ya Variomatic. Galimotoyo idapangidwa mu kope limodzi, idaperekedwa ku Geneva Fair mu 1968.
Kumapeto kwa kupanga, kope lapadera lotchedwa 55 marathon (1971-1972). Kusintha kofunikira kwambiri kunali injini ya 63 hp. ndi kusamutsidwa kofanana ndi mtundu wamba. Baibuloli linathandizanso kuyimitsidwa, mabuleki ndikuwonjezera mikwingwirima m'thupi. Galimoto mu Baibulo ili akhoza imathandizira kuti 145 Km / h. 10 adapangidwa.
Mtundu wa Marathon wabwereranso m'malo momwe unalili Mtengo wa DAF66yomwe idapangidwa mu 1972-1976. Galimotoyo inali yofanana ndi yomwe idakonzedweratu ndipo inali ndi injini ya 1,1-lita yomweyo, koma ndi 3 hp yowonjezerapo. (injini inali 53 hp). Mtundu wa Marathon poyamba unali ndi injini ya 60 hp, ndipo pambuyo pake injini yatsopano ya 1,3-lita, yomwe inapangidwanso ndi Renault, inayikidwa.
Pamaziko a chitsanzo 66, galimoto yankhondo ya DAF 66 YA (1974) yokhala ndi thupi lotseguka (yokhala ndi denga la chinsalu) inakonzedwa. Galimotoyo inali ndi makina oyendetsa ndi lamba wakutsogolo wofanana ndi wamba. Zina zonse zidasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zankhondo. Makinawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka zaka za makumi asanu ndi anayi.
Kupanga kwa DAF 66 kunapitilira mpaka 1975 ndipo magawo 101 adapangidwa mumitundu ya sedan, coupe ndi station wagon.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, atalandira bwino magalimoto ang'onoang'ono oyambirira a mtunduwo, mbiri yawo inayamba kuchepa pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chachikulu chinali kusinthika kwa magalimoto amtunduwo mpaka liwiro la 25 km / h. Izi zinali chifukwa cha malamulo a Chidatchi omwe ankalola anthu kuyendetsa galimoto yamtundu uwu popanda chilolezo. Ma DAF otembenuzidwa motere anali cholepheretsa, chomwe chinangokhudza chithunzi cha mtundu. Kuyamba mu rallycross, Fomula 3 ndi marathon amayenera kusintha chithunzicho, koma magalimoto a DAF amasankhidwa ndi madalaivala a sedate, nthawi zambiri akale.
Vuto la DAF linalinso laling'ono lachitsanzo komanso chisankho chopanga magalimoto onse ndi gearbox ya Variomatic, yomwe, ngakhale ubwino wake wosatsutsika, unali ndi mndandanda wautali wa mavuto - sizinali zoyenera kukwera ndi injini zamphamvu, malamba amatha. break, ndipo pambali , madalaivala ena ankakonda tingachipeze powerenga Buku HIV.
Chithunzi. DAF 66 YA, Dennis Elzinga, flickr.com, lic. Creative Commons
Mu 1972, DAF idachita mgwirizano ndi Volvo, yomwe idapeza 1/3 ya magawo a Born plant. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, mbewuyo idalandidwa kwathunthu ndi Volvo. Kupanga kwa DAF 66 sikunamalizidwe - kunapitilira mpaka 1981. Kuyambira chaka chino Volvo Logo anaonekera pa magalasi rediyeta, koma galimoto yomweyo. Renault powertrains ndi Variomatic gearbox asungidwa.
Volvo adagwiritsanso ntchito chitsanzo chomwe sichinayambe kupanga. Mtengo wa DAF77yomwe, pambuyo pa kukonzanso kambiri, idagulitsidwa ngati Volvo 343. Kupanga kunayamba mu 1976 ndipo kunapitirira mpaka 1991. Galimotoyo inali yogulitsa kwambiri - mayunitsi 1,14 miliyoni adapangidwa. Poyamba, galimotoyo inaperekedwa ndi variomisk, dzina limene linasinthidwa kukhala CVT gearbox. Malinga ndi opanga a DAF, kufalitsa sikunayende bwino ndi galimoto yolemera kwambiriyi. Kale mu 1979, Volvo anayambitsa kufala Buku mu kupereka ake.
Izi zinathetsa mbiri ya magalimoto onyamula anthu a DAF, ndipo palibe chizindikiro chakuti wopanga bwino magalimoto awa adzatsitsimutsanso projekiti yam'mbaliyi. Ndizomvetsa chisoni, chifukwa mbiri yawonetsa kuti anali kuyang'ana kagawo kakang'ono kawo pamsika m'njira yosangalatsa.
