Tanki yowala M24 "Chaffee"
Zamkatimu
Tanki yowala M24 "Chaffee"Tanki yowala M24, Chaffee.
Kuti athandizire kukonza m'munda, mapepala a mbali yakumbuyo ya denga la denga amachotsedwa, ndipo hatch yayikulu imapangidwa papepala lakutsogolo. Mu chassis, mawilo 5 amsewu apakati pabwalo ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa bar torsion bar amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mfuti ya ndege yosinthidwa 75 mm ndi mfuti ya 7,62 mm coaxial nayo idayikidwa mu turret. Mfuti ina yamakina 7,62 mm idayikidwa pagulu la mpira chakutsogolo. Mfuti ya 12,7 mm yolimbana ndi ndege idayikidwa padenga la nsanjayo. Pofuna kuwongolera kulondola kwa kuwombera kuchokera ku cannon, gyroscopic stabilizer yamtundu wa Westinghouse idayikidwa. Mawailesi aŵiri ndi intercom ya thanki anagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira zolankhulirana. Akasinja M24 anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo lomaliza la nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo anali mu utumiki ndi mayiko ambiri a dziko. Poyerekeza ndi thanki kuwala M5, amene m'malo mwake, M24 amatanthauza sitepe yaikulu patsogolo, M24 kuposa magalimoto onse kuwala kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse pankhani chitetezo zida ndi firepower, monga kuyenda, thanki latsopano analibe zochepa maneuverability. kuposa omwe adatsogolera M5. Mfuti yake ya 75-mm inali yabwino ngati mfuti ya Sherman malinga ndi makhalidwe ake ndipo inaposa zida za akasinja ambiri apakati a 1939 chitsanzo cha firepower. Kusintha kwakukulu komwe kunapangidwa pamapangidwe a hull ndi mawonekedwe a turret kunathandizira kuthetsa zofooka, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa thanki ndikupatsa zida zankhondo zopendekera. zigawo ndi misonkhano.
Ntchito yokonza kuyika mfuti ya 75 mm pa thanki yowala inayamba pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi chitukuko cha thanki yapakati yokhala ndi cannon yomweyi. The 75-mm T17 self-propelled howitzer, analengedwa pamaziko a M1E3 nkhondo galimoto, inali sitepe yoyamba mbali imeneyi, ndipo patapita nthawi, pamene panafunika thanki kuwala ndi firepower chimodzimodzi monga M4. Howitzer yodziyendetsa yokha ya M8 idasinthidwa kofananira. Okhala ndi 75mm M3 cannon, chitsanzo ichi analandira, ngakhale osati mwalamulo, dzina M8A1.
Zinali zozikidwa pa galimotoyo M5, wokhoza kupirira katundu chifukwa kuwombera mfuti 75 mm, koma Baibulo M8A1 analibe makhalidwe ofunika chibadidwe mu thanki. Zofunikira pagalimoto yatsopanoyo zimatengera kusungidwa kwa magetsi omwewo, omwe anali ndi M5A1, kusintha kwa galimotoyo, kuchepetsa kulemera kwankhondo mpaka matani 16,2 komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makulidwe osungitsa osachepera 25,4 mm ndi kutchulidwa. ngodya za kupendekera. Drawback lalikulu la M5A1 anali voliyumu yaing'ono turret wake, zomwe zinali zosatheka kukhazikitsa 75 mm cannon. Ndiye panali maganizo kumanga thanki kuwala T21, koma makina olemera matani 21,8, anakhala wolemera kwambiri. Ndiye thanki yowala ya T7 idakopa chidwi cha olamulira a tanki. Koma galimoto iyi inapangidwa ndi dongosolo la British British kwa mizinga 57 mm, ndipo pamene America anayesa kukwera 75-mm mfuti pa izo, kulemera kwa chitsanzo chifukwa chawonjezeka kwambiri moti T7 anadutsa mu gulu la. matanki apakati.
Kusintha kwatsopano kunali koyamba kukhala ngati thanki ya M7 yokhala ndi mizinga ya 75 mm, ndiyeno kuyimitsidwa kunathetsedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zogwirira ntchito zomwe zinayambika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa akasinja awiri apakati. Mu Okutobala 1943, kampani ya Cadillac, yomwe inali gawo la General Motors Corporation, idapereka zitsanzo zagalimoto zomwe zidakwaniritsa zofunikira. Makina, otchedwa T24, adakwaniritsa zopempha za lamulo la asitikali ankhondo, omwe adalamula mayunitsi 1000, osadikirira ngakhale kuyambika kwa mayeso. Komanso, zitsanzo za kusinthidwa T24E1 ndi injini kuchokera M18 thanki wowononga analamulidwa, koma ntchito posakhalitsa anasiyidwa.
T24 thanki anali okonzeka ndi 75 mm T13E1 mfuti ndi TZZ recoil chipangizo ndi 7,62 mamilimita mfuti pa chimango T90. Kulemera kovomerezeka kwa cannon kumafotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti idapangidwa pamaziko a mfuti ya M5 ndipo dzina lake latsopano M6 linangotanthauza kuti silinapangidwe pa ndege, koma pa thanki. Monga T7, injini ziwiri za Cadillac zidakwezedwa kuti zithandizire kukonza. Mwa njira, Cadillac anasankhidwa kupanga misa T24 ndendende chifukwa T24 ndi M5A1 anali ndi mphamvu yomweyo.
T24 anali okonzeka ndi torsion bar kuyimitsidwa kwa wowononga thanki M18. Pali lingaliro lakuti kuyimitsidwa kwamtunduwu kunapangidwa ndi opanga ku Germany, kwenikweni, chilolezo cha ku America cha kuyimitsidwa kwa torsion bar chinaperekedwa mu December 1935 kwa WE Preston ndi JM Barnes (m'tsogolomu wamkulu, wamkulu wa ntchito yofufuza za Dipatimenti Yowona zachipatala). Zida mpaka 1946). The undercarriage wa makina inkakhala mawilo asanu rubberized msewu ndi awiri a 63,5 cm, gudumu kutsogolo ndi gudumu lotsogolera (pa bolodi). M'lifupi njanji anafika 40,6 cm. Thupi la T24 linapangidwa ndi zitsulo zopindidwa. The makulidwe pazipita mbali yakutsogolo anafika 63,5 mm. M'malo ena, osafunikira kwenikweni, zidazo zinali zowonda - apo ayi thanki silingagwirizane ndi gulu lowala. Chivundikiro chachikulu chochotseka pa pepala lakutsogolo chinapereka mwayi wowongolera. Dalaivala ndi wothandizira wake anali ndi zowongolera zomwe ali nazo.
Mu July 1944, T24 anali standardized pansi dzina M24 kuwala thanki ndipo analandira dzina "Chaffee" mu asilikali. Pofika mu June 1945, makina 4070 anali atamangidwa kale. Potsatira lingaliro la gulu lankhondo lopepuka, opanga aku America adapanga zida zingapo zodzipangira okha pamaziko a M24 chassis, chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chomwe chinali T77 Mipiringi Mipikisano ZSU: turret yatsopano yokhala ndi migolo isanu ndi umodzi. makina phiri phiri la 24-caliber anaikidwa pa muyezo M12,7 chassis, amene anadutsa zosintha zazing'ono. Mwanjira ina, makinawa adakhala chitsanzo chamakono, komanso mipiringidzo isanu ndi umodzi, odana ndi ndege "Volcano".
Pambuyo pa nkhondo, "Chaffee" anali mu utumiki ndi ankhondo a mayiko angapo ndipo anatenga gawo mu nkhondo Korea ndi Indochina. Tanki iyi idakwanitsa kuthana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo idakhala maziko a zoyeserera zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nsanja ya French tank AMX-24 inayikidwa pa galimoto ya M13; pamalo oyeserera ku Aberdeen, kusinthidwa kwa M24 kudayesedwa ndikuyimitsidwa kwa thirakitala yaku Germany ya matani 12 yokhala ndi mbozi pagawo lachitatu la chassis, komabe, pomwe chiwonetserochi chikuyenda pamsewu, zotsatira zake sizinali. zokhutiritsa; Mfuti ya 24-mm yokhala ndi katundu wodziwikiratu inayikidwa pa dongosolo la M76, koma zinthu sizinapitirire kuyesera uku; ndipo, potsiriza, "otsutsa-ogwira" Baibulo la T31 anamwazikana kugawikana migodi mbali zonse za hull pofuna kuteteza adani oyenda pansi kufika pafupi thanki. Komanso, awiri 12,7 mm mfuti makina anali wokwera pa kapolo wamkulu, amene kwambiri anawonjezera firepower kupezeka kwa mkulu thanki. Kuwunika kwa zomwe Britain adakumana nazo kunkhondo ku Western Desert mu 1942, pomwe Asitikali a 8 adagwiritsa ntchito M3, adawonetsa kuti akasinja aku America olonjeza adzafunika zida zamphamvu kwambiri. Mu dongosolo kuyesera, m'malo mwa howitzer, pa M8 ACS anaika tank 75 mm mfuti. Mayeso amoto adawonetsa kuthekera kopangira M5 ndi mfuti ya 75 mm.
Yoyamba mwa zitsanzo ziwiri zoyesera, zomwe zinasankhidwa T24, zinaperekedwa kwa asilikali mu October 1943, ndipo zinakhala zopambana kwambiri moti ATC nthawi yomweyo inavomereza lamulo la mafakitale a magalimoto a 1000, kenako anawonjezeka kufika 5000. Cadillac ndi Massey-Harris anatenga kupanga, opangidwa limodzi kuyambira Marichi 1944 mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo 4415 magalimoto (kuphatikiza mfuti zodziyendetsa pagalimoto yawo), kuthamangitsa magalimoto angapo a M5 pakupanga. Makhalidwe apangidwe
Makina oyesa ndi ntchito zina:T24E1 inali T24 yoyesera yoyendetsedwa ndi injini ya Continental R-975 ndipo pambuyo pake inali ndi cannon yotalikirapo ya 75mm yokhala ndi brake yapakamwa. Popeza M24 anali bwino kwambiri ndi injini Cadillac, palibe ntchito ina inachitika ndi makina awa. |
M24 thanki anayamba kupangidwa mu 1944. Linapangidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito m'magulu ovomerezeka a magulu ankhondo ndi zida zankhondo, komanso m'magulu ankhondo oyendetsa ndege. Ngakhale galimoto latsopano ntchito mayunitsi osiyana M3 ndi M5 (mwachitsanzo, gearbox ndi kugwirizana madzimadzi), thanki M24 amasiyana kwambiri ndi akale ake mu mawonekedwe a hull ndi turret, zida zankhondo, ndi undercarriage kamangidwe. Nkhope ndi turret ndi welded. Zimbale za zida zankhondo ndi pafupifupi makulidwe ofanana ndi a mndandanda wa M5, koma zili pamakona okulirapo opendekera ku ofukula.
