Tanki yopepuka yoyenda ndi matayala BT-2 Tank idakhazikitsidwa ndi Red Army mu Meyi 1931. Idapangidwa pamaziko a galimoto yotsatiridwa ndi mawilo ndi wojambula waku America Christie ndipo anali woyamba m'banja la BT (Fast Tank) inakhazikitsidwa ku Soviet Union. Thupi la thanki, lomwe linasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbale zankhondo zokhala ndi makulidwe a 13 mm, linali ndi gawo la bokosi. Khomo la khomo la dalaivala linaikidwa pa pepala lakutsogolo la chombocho. Chidacho chinasungidwa mu turret ya cylindrical riveted. Tankiyo inali ndi mphamvu zothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe koyambilira kwa chassis, imatha kuyenda pamagalimoto omwe amatsatiridwa komanso amawilo. Kumbali iliyonse kunali mawilo anayi a msewu opangidwa ndi mphira a m’mimba mwake aakulu, okhala ndi magudumu akumbuyo akuyenda ngati magudumu oyendetsa, ndipo akutsogolo anali owongolera. Kusintha kuchoka ku mtundu wina wa galimoto kupita ku mtundu wina kunatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30. Tanki ya BT-2, monga akasinja otsatila a banja la BT, idapangidwa pafakitale yamagetsi yamoto ya Kharkov yotchedwa I. Comintern. Zaka zingapo kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30 za zaka za m'ma 20 Tanki ya Christie idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko, popanga magalimoto ankhondo a Soviet oyamba, ndithudi, ndi zowonjezera zambiri ndi zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi zida, kutumiza, injini ndi zina zambiri. Pambuyo khazikitsa mwapadera turret ndi zida zida pa galimoto Christie thanki, thanki latsopano anatengedwa ndi Red Army mu 1931 ndipo anaika kupanga pansi dzina BT-2. Pa November 7, 1931, magalimoto atatu oyambirira anasonyezedwa paparadeyo. Mpaka 1933, 623 BT-2s anamangidwa. Tanki yoyamba yopangidwa ndi mawilo idasankhidwa BT-2 ndipo inali yosiyana ndi yaku America pamapangidwe angapo. Choyamba, thankiyo inali ndi turret yozungulira (yopangidwa ndi injiniya A. A. Maloshtanov), yokhala ndi mawilo opepuka (okhala ndi mabowo ambiri). Chipinda chomenyera nkhondo chinasinthidwanso - zida zankhondo zidasunthidwa, zida zatsopano zidayikidwa, ndi zina zambiri. Thupi lake linali bokosi losonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbale zankhondo zolumikizidwa ndi riveting. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupilo inali ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi yocheperako. Pofika mu thanki, khomo lakumaso linagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe linatseguka lokha. Pamwamba pake, pakhoma lakutsogolo la nyumba yoyendetsa galimotoyo, panali chishango chokhala ndi kagawo kowonera, chomwe chinatsamira mmwamba. Mbali ya mphuno inali ndi chitsulo choponyera chitsulo, chomwe mbale zankhondo zakutsogolo ndi pansi zinali zokongoletsedwa ndi kuwotcherera. Kuphatikiza apo, idakhala ngati crankcase yoyikapo rack ndi zowongolera. Chitoliro chachitsulo chinali kukulungidwa poponyera, chowotcherera kunja kwa malire a zida ndi cholinga chomangirira zitsulo za sloth. Ma consoles mu mawonekedwe a mapepala atatu a zida zankhondo anali welded (kapena riveted) ku mphuno ya hull mbali zonse ziwiri, amene ankatumikira monga yomanga mbali ya chitoliro ndi mphuno ya hull. Ma consoles anali ndi nsanja zomangirako zotchingira mphira zomwe zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa zotsekera mawilo akutsogolo. Makoma am'mbali mwa thanki ndi awiri. Mapepala amkati amkati anali opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosavuta chosakhala ndi zida ndipo anali ndi mabowo atatu odutsa mapaipi opanda zitsulo zopangira zitsulo zazitsulo zamagudumu a pamsewu. Kuchokera kunja, ma struts 5 amayikidwa pamapepala kuti amangirire akasupe a cylindrical spiral of kuyimitsidwa. Pakati pa 3rd ndi 4th struts, thanki ya gasi inali pazitsulo zamatabwa. Nyumba zomangira zomaliza zidakokedwa kumunsi kumbuyo kwa mapepala amkati a chibowocho, ndipo zingwe zomangira kasupe wakumbuyo zidakwezedwa kumtunda. Masamba akunja a makoma ali ndi zida. Bakakomezyegwa kwiinda mukubelesya kasimpe. Kunja, mbali zonse ziwiri, mapiko anaikidwa m’mabulaketi anayi. 1. Buloko la gudumu lowongolera. 2. Gudumu lotsogolera. 3. Mtsinje wa mapiri. 4. Hatch yokwera ndi kutsika kwa ogwira ntchito. 5. Mzere wowongolera. 6. Gearshift lever. 7. Chishango chakutsogolo cha dalaivala. 8.Manual limagwirira potembenuza nsanja. 9. Chiwongolero chakutsogolo. 10. Tower. 11. Lamba pamapewa. 12. Injini yaufulu. 13. Kugawa kwa chipinda cha injini. 14.Main clutch. 15. Gearbox. 16. Akhungu. 17. Wotsekereza. 18. Mphete. 19.Crawler galimoto gudumu. 20. Final drive nyumba. 21. Gitala. 22. Kuyendetsa gudumu kuyenda. 23. Wokonda. 24. Tanki yamafuta. 25. Wodzigudubuza wothandizira. 26. Horizontal kasupe wa kutsogolo njanji wodzigudubuza. 27. Chiwongolero chakutsogolo. 28. Tsatani chiwongolero chowongolera. 29.Kulowa m'bwalo Kumbuyo kwa thanki kunkakhala ndi zipinda ziwiri zomaliza zoyendetsera galimoto, zoyikidwa ndi zowotcherera paipi yachitsulo, yokhomeredwa ku mapepala amkati; mapepala awiri - ofukula ndi okhotakhota, welded kwa chitoliro ndi crankcases (mabulaketi awiri kukoka ndi riveted kwa pepala ofukula), ndi zochotseka kumbuyo chishango kuti anaphimba kufala chipinda kumbuyo. Pakhoma loyima la chishangocho munali mabowo odutsa mapaipi otulutsa mpweya. Kuchokera kunja, chotsekereza chotsekereza chinali cholumikizidwa ku chishangocho. Pansi pa thupi ndi lolimba, kuchokera pa pepala limodzi. M’menemo, pansi pa mpope wamafuta, munali chibowo chophwasula injiniyo ndi mapulagi aŵiri okhetsera madzi ndi mafuta. Denga lakutsogolo linali ndi dzenje lalikulu lozungulira la turret lomwe linali ndi lamba wopindika pansi pamapewa a mpirawo. Pamwamba pa chipinda cha injini chapakati, denga linali lochotseka, ndi pepala lomwe linali lopindidwa ndi lotsekedwa ndi latch kuchokera mkati; Kunja, valavu inatsegulidwa ndi kiyi. Pakatikati mwa pepalalo panali dzenje lotulutsira chitoliro cha mpweya kwa ma carburetors. Pambali ya pepala lochotseka pazitsulo, zishango za radiator zinali zolumikizidwa, pansi pake mpweya unkayamwa kuti uzizizira ma radiator. Pamwamba pa malo opatsirako magetsi panali kachingwe kakang'ono kotulutsiramo mpweya wotentha, wotsekedwa ndi zotchingira. Zovala zankhondo zazitali zomwe zili pamwamba pa danga pakati pa makoma am'mbali zidalumikizidwa ndi mabulaketi a kasupe okhala ndi zingwe. Tsamba lililonse linali ndi mabowo atatu ozungulira (opitilira muyeso wa magalasi osinthira masika, ndi wapakati pamwamba pa khosi lodzaza khosi la tanki); dzenje lina lokhala ndi polowera linali pamwamba pa pulagi ya chitoliro cha gasi, ndipo mabatani atatu a malamba omangira lamba pamapiko opindika adayikidwanso apa. Mbali yamkati ya thanki inagawidwa ndi magawo anayi: kulamulira, kumenyana, injini ndi kufalitsa. Poyamba, pafupi ndi mpando wa dalaivala, panali zotchingira ndi zowongolera komanso dashboard yokhala ndi zida. Chachiwiri, zida zidadzaza ndi zida ndipo panali malo a mkulu wa thanki (iyenso ndi wowombera mfuti komanso wonyamula katundu). Chipinda chomenyerapo nkhondocho chinalekanitsidwa ndi chipinda cha injini ndi chogawa chophwanyika chokhala ndi zitseko. Chipinda cha injinicho chinali ndi injini, ma radiator, thanki yamafuta ndi batire; idalekanitsidwa ndi chipinda chotumizira ndi gawo lotha kugwa, lomwe linali ndi chodulira cha fan. Kukhuthala kwa zida zankhondo zakutsogolo ndi zam'mbali zinali 13 mm, kumbuyo kwa chombocho kunali 10 mm, madenga ndi pansi zinali 10 mm ndi 6 mm. Tanki ya BT-2 ili ndi zida (makulidwe osungitsa ndi 13 mm), ozungulira, opindika, amasinthidwa ndi 50 mm. Kumbuyo kwa ngalawa kunali chipangizo choikira zipolopolo. Kuchokera pamwamba, nsanjayo inali ndi chikwapu chokhala ndi chivindikiro chomwe chimatsamira kutsogolo pamahinji awiri ndipo chinali chotsekedwa ndi loko. Kumanzere kwake kuli kachipangizo kozungulira kosonyeza mbendera. Pamwamba pa nsanjayo panali pokhomedwa kutsogolo. Khoma lakumbali linapangidwa kuchokera ku magawo awiri opindika. Kuchokera m'munsimu, chingwe chapamwamba cha mapewa a mpirawo chinamangiriridwa ku nsanjayo. Kuzungulira ndi kuphulika kwa nsanja kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira, omwe maziko ake anali bokosi la mapulaneti. Kuti atembenuze turret, mkulu wa thankiyo anatembenuza chiwongolero ndi chogwirira. Zida zodziwika bwino za thanki ya BT-2 zinali mizinga 37 mm B-3 (5K) yachitsanzo cha 1931 ndi mfuti ya 7,62 mm DT. Mfuti ndi mfuti yamakina zidayikidwa padera: yoyamba mu zida zosunthika, yachiwiri mu phiri la mpira kumanja kwa mfuti. Mfuti yokwera ngodya +25 °, kutsika -8 °. Chitsogozo chowongoka chidachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kupumula kwa phewa. Powombera cholinga, mawonekedwe a telescopic adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mfuti - 92 kuwombera, mfuti zamakina - 2709 mozungulira (43 discs). Akasinja oyambilira 60 analibe mfuti yamtundu wa mpira, koma zida za tanki zidabweretsa vuto. Anayenera kupatsa thanki ndi cannon 37-mm ndi mfuti yamakina, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mizinga, akasinja a mndandanda woyamba anali ndi mfuti ziwiri zamakina (zili mu unsembe womwewo) kapena analibe zida konse. . Mfuti ya tank 37-mm yokhala ndi migolo yotalika 60 inali yosiyana ndi mfuti ya 37 mm ya 1930 yotsutsana ndi tank, ndipo inatha m'chilimwe cha 1933. Lamulo loyamba loperekedwa kuti lipange mfuti za 350 pa Artillery Plant # 8. Popeza pa nthawi imeneyo kale anaonekera buku la 45 mamilimita odana akasinja mfuti chitsanzo 1932, zinasiyidwa ndi zina za mfuti 37 mm. Akasinja 350 anali ndi mfuti zamakina a DA-2 zamtundu wa 7,62-mm, zomwe zidakwezedwa mu cannon ebrasure ya turret mu chigoba chopangidwa mwapadera. Chigoba pa ma trunnions ake chimazungulira mozungulira chopingasa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mfuti zamakina zitheke kutalika kwa +22 ° ndi kutsika kwa -25 °. Zopingasa zolozera ngodya (popanda kutembenuza turret) zidaperekedwa kwa mfuti zamakina potembenuza swivel yopangidwa mwapadera yomwe imayikidwa mu chigoba mothandizidwa ndi zikhomo zowongoka, pomwe ma angles otembenuka adakwaniritsidwa: 6 ° kumanja, 8 ° kumanzere. Kumanja kwa ophatikizikawo kunali mfuti imodzi ya DT. Kuwombera kuchokera ku unsembe wamapasa kunkachitika ndi wowombera mmodzi, atayima, atatsamira chifuwa chake pa bib, chibwano pa chinrest. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyika konseko kumagona ndi paphewa paphewa lakumanja la wowomberayo. Zipolopolo inkakhala 43 zimbale - 2709 mozungulira. Injini ya thanki ndi injini ya ndege ya 5-stroke, mtundu wa M-400-1650 (pa makina ena, injini ya ndege ya American Liberty yofanana ndi mapangidwe inakhazikitsidwa), ndi kuwonjezera kwa makina ozungulira, fani ndi flywheel. Mphamvu ya injini pa 400 rpm - XNUMX malita. Ndi. Kutumiza kwamagetsi kumakina kumakhala ndi ma multi-disk main clutch of dry friction (zitsulo pazitsulo), zomwe zidakwezedwa chala cha crankshaft, gearbox yothamanga anayi, zingwe ziwiri zama diski zokhala ndi mabuleki a band, awiri amodzi- Magalimoto omaliza a siteji ndi ma gearbox awiri (gitala) oyendetsa kumbuyo kwa mawilo amsewu - otsogola akamayendetsa. Gitala iliyonse imakhala ndi magiya asanu omwe amayikidwa mu crankcase, yomwe nthawi imodzi imagwira ntchito ngati balancer pa gudumu lomaliza. Magalimoto oyendetsa matanki ndi makina. Miyendo iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsa mbozi, ndipo chiwongolero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa mawilo. Tankiyi ili ndi mitundu iwiri yoyendetsa: yotsatiridwa ndi mawilo. Yoyamba inali ndi maunyolo awiri a mbozi, iliyonse ili ndi tinjira 46 (23 lathyathyathya ndi 23 ridge) ndi m'lifupi mwake mamilimita 260; mawilo awiri kumbuyo ndi awiri 640 mm; mawilo asanu ndi atatu amsewu okhala ndi mainchesi 815 mm ndi ma roller awiri oyenda opanda pake okhala ndi ma tensioners. Ma track roller adayimitsidwa payekhapayekha pa akasupe a cylindrical coil omwe amakhala. odzigudubuza asanu ndi limodzi molunjika, pakati pa makoma amkati ndi akunja a chombo, ndi awiri akutsogolo - mopingasa, mkati mwa chipinda chomenyera nkhondo. Mawilo oyendetsa ndi ma track rollers amakutidwa ndi mphira. BT-2 inali thanki yoyamba kuyikidwa mu utumiki ndi kuyimitsidwa koteroko. Pamodzi ndi mtengo waukulu wa mphamvu yeniyeni, ichi chinali chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga galimoto yolimbana ndi liwiro lalikulu. Nkhani yoyamba akasinja BT-2s anayamba kulowa asilikali mu 1932. Magalimoto omenyera nkhondowa adapangidwa kuti apange zida zamakina odziyimira pawokha, woimira yekhayo yemwe panthawiyo anali mu Red Army anali 1st mechanized brigade yotchedwa K. B. Kalinovsky, yomwe ili m'boma la Moscow. Zolemba za thandizo lankhondo la brigade zikuphatikizapo "gulu la akasinja owononga", okhala ndi magalimoto a BT-2. Opaleshoni ya asilikali inavumbula zofooka zambiri za akasinja BT-2. Mainjini osadalirika nthawi zambiri ankalephera, njira za mbozi zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotsika kwambiri zinkawonongeka. Vuto la zida zosinthira zinali zovuta kwambiri. Kotero, mu theka loyamba la 1933, makampaniwa adatulutsa mayendedwe 80 okha. BT matanki. Tactical ndi luso makhalidwe   BT-2 ndi kukhazikitsa INDE-2 BT-2 (kusuta- makina mfuti) BT-5 (1933 g.) BT-5 (1934 g.) Kulimbana ndi kulemera, t 10.2 11 11.6 11,9 Crew, anthu 2 3 3 3 Kutalika kwa thupi, mm 5500 5500 5800 5800 Kutalika, mm 2230 2230 2230 2230 Kutalika, mm 2160 2160 2250 2250 Kutsegula, mm 350 350 350 350 Armarm Mfuti   37-mm B-3 45 mm20k 45 mm20k Mfuti yamakina 2 × 7,62 DT 7,62 DT 7,62DT 7.62 DT Zida (zokhala ndi walkie-talkie / popanda walkie-talkie): zipolopolo   92 105 72/115 makatiriji 2520 2709 2700 2709 Kusungitsa, mm: mphumi 13 13 13 13 hull side 13 13 13 13 wolimba 13 13 13 1Z nsanja mphumi 13 13 17 15 mbali ya nsanja 13 13 17 15 Tower feed 13 13 17 15 denga la nsanja 10 10 10 10 Injini "Ufulu" "Ufulu" M-5 M-5 Mphamvu, hp 400 400 365 365 Max. liwiro la msewu, pamayendedwe / mawilo, km / h 52/72 52/72 53/72 53/72 Kuyenda mumsewu waukulu mayendedwe / mawilo, km 160/200 160/200 150/200 150/200 Onaninso: "Thanki yowunikira T-26 (mtundu umodzi wa turret)" Kukhazikika kwa magalimoto omenyera nkhondo kunali kofunikira, komwe kunali kotentha m'chilimwe komanso kuzizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Zowonongeka zambiri zidalumikizidwa ndi maphunziro otsika kwambiri aukadaulo a ogwira ntchito. Ngakhale zofooka zonse ndi zovuta ntchito, akasinja anagwa m'chikondi ndi akasinja BT chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo abwino kwambiri, amene anagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, pofika 1935, pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ogwira ntchito ku BT anali atadumphira kale m'magalimoto awo pazovuta zosiyanasiyana ndi mita 15-20, ndipo magalimoto "adatha" kudumpha mpaka 40 metres. Ma tank BT-2s anali ndithu ankagwira ntchito mikangano yankhondo imene USSR nawo. Mwachitsanzo, pali kutchulidwa za nkhondo pa Khalkhin-Gol Mtsinje: Pa July 3, asilikali a ku Japan a gulu la asilikali oyenda pansi anawoloka Khalkhin-Gol, analanda dera lapafupi ndi phiri la Bain-Tsagan. Gulu lachiwiri lidayenda m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo ndi cholinga chochotsa kuwoloka ndikuwononga mayunitsi athu kugombe lakummawa. Kupulumutsa tsiku, 11 Tank Brigade (132 BT-2 ndi BT-5 akasinja) anaponyedwa kuukira. Akasinja anapita popanda thandizo la makanda ndi zida zankhondo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri, koma ntchito inatha: pa tsiku lachitatu, Japanese anathamangitsidwa pa malo awo kugombe la kumadzulo. Pambuyo pake, bata lachibale linakhazikitsidwa kutsogolo. Kuphatikiza apo, BT-2 idachita nawo kampeni yomasula kumadzulo kwa Ukraine mu 1939, pankhondo ya Soviet-Finnish komanso nthawi yoyamba ya Nkhondo Yaikulu Yadziko Lonse. Pazonse, kuyambira 1932 mpaka 1933. 208 BT-2 akasinja anapangidwa mu Baibulo cannon-makina-mfuti ndi 412 mu Baibulo makina-mfuti. Zotsatira: Svirin M. N. “Zida zankhondo ndi zamphamvu. Mbiri ya thanki Soviet. 1919-1937”; G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; Kuwala akasinja BT-2 ndi BT-5 [Bronekollektsiya 1996-01] (M. Baryatinsky, M. Kolomiets); M. Kolomiets "Matanki M'nkhondo ya Zima" ("chithunzi chakutsogolo"); Mikhail Svirin. Matanki a nthawi ya Stalin. Superencyclopedia. "Nthawi Yagolide ya zomangamanga za Soviet"; Shunkov V., "Red Army"; M. Pavlov, I. Zheltov, I. Pavlov. "BT Tanks".