Lvov-Sandomierz ntchito yonyansa.

Matanki a ku Germany PzKpfw VI Tygrys ndi PzKpfw V Pantera, adawombera m'dera la Drokhobych; Western Ukraine, August 1944

Zochita bwino za asitikali aku Soviet ku Belarus zidapanga mikhalidwe yabwino kuukira kwa 1944th Ukraine Front (UV 1) mu Lviv-Sandomierz pakati pa Julayi 1. Pa May 25, ulendowu unatenga ulamuliro wa FI 1 kuchokera ku Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Ivan Konev.

Kumayambiriro kwa makilomita 440, kupita kumadzulo kwa Kovel, Tarnopol ndi Kolomyia, gulu lankhondo la "Northern Ukraine" motsogozedwa ndi Field Marshal Walter Model linalanda gawo lalikulu la asilikali ake. Zinaphatikizapo asilikali a German 1st ndi 4th thanki, komanso 1st Hungary asilikali, okwana 34 magulu oyenda pansi, 5 magawano akasinja, 1 motorized ndi 2 oyenda brigades. Onse pamodzi anali oposa 600 6300 asilikali ndi maofesala, 900 mfuti ndi matope, 4 akasinja ndi kuukira mfuti. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbali ya kumanzere kwa 1 Panzer Army anali patsogolo pa asilikali a 4 Belorussian Front. Ndege za 700 zidatumizidwa kuti zithandizire chitetezo cha XNUMXth Air Fleet. Lamulo la ku Germany linkayembekezera kuti ndi mphamvu izi zidzagwira gawo la Ukraine m'manja mwake, komanso kuphimba njira zopita kumwera kwa Poland ndi Czechoslovakia, zomwe zinali zofunika kwambiri zachuma ndi njira.

Atavutika kugonjetsedwa ku banki yakumanja ya Ukraine ndikuyembekezera zatsopano za "Stalinist nkhonya", Ajeremani adalimbitsadi ndikuwongolera malo awo oteteza, makamaka ku Lvov. Mizere itatu yodzitchinjiriza idapangidwa pa iyo, koma isanayambe kuukira kwa asitikali aku Soviet, awiri okha adakonzedwa, kupanga mzere wachitetezo. Magawo asanu akasinja, magulu atatu oyendetsa magalimoto ndi atatu oyenda pansi adatumizidwa ndi akuluakulu ankhondo ndi GA "Northern Ukraine".

Kugwira ntchito

Kutsogolo kwa 1 ku Ukraine kunaphatikizapo: alonda 1, 3 ndi 5, 13, 18, 38 ndi 60, alonda 1 ndi 3 ndi 4 ankhondo akasinja, 2 asilikali a ndege, 4 alonda, 25 ndi 31 akasinja, 1 ndi 6 apakavalo. matupi. Corps, komanso Czechoslovak 1st Army Corps. Pazonse, kutsogolo kumaphatikizapo magulu 74 ankhondo, magulu 6 okwera pamahatchi, magulu 4 a zida zankhondo, gawo limodzi la matope a Guardian (zowombera zida zankhondo), zida 1 zamakina, ma tank 3, magulu 7 omenyera zida zankhondo, magulu 4 a tanki osiyana ndi kudzipangira okha. mfuti zothamangitsidwa. - Asitikali ndi maofesala pafupifupi 17 miliyoni, mfuti ndi matope 1,2, zowombera zida zankhondo 15, akasinja 500 ndi mfuti zodziyendetsa 1056, ndege zankhondo 1667. Linali gulu lalikulu kwambiri lakutsogolo la onse omwe adapangidwa mpaka pano.

Mzere wa asilikali a asilikali a ku Hungary akudutsa pa galimoto ya mkulu wa GA "Northern Ukraine" Field Marshal Walter Model.

Pokhudzana ndi ntchito yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Mtsogoleri Wamkulu adachita msonkhano wapadera ku Kremlin pa June 23, pomwe Konev adanena za chisankho chake choyambitsa ziwonetsero ziwiri: pa Lvov ndi Ravsko-Rusyn. Izi zinapangitsa kuti agawane gulu lankhondo la GA "Northern Ukraine", kuzungulira ndi kuwononga mdani m'dera la Brody. Dongosololi lidapangitsa kuti Stalin asungidwe, yemwe adawona kuti ndizopanda pake kufalitsa mphamvu m'malo akuluakulu. "Mkulu" analamula kumenya nkhondo imodzi - ku Lvov, kuyikamo mphamvu zake zonse ndi njira zake.

Hatchiyo inanjenjemera, akumatsutsa kuti kumenya mbali imodzi kungathandize mdaniyo kuwongolera njira zanzeru ndi zamakinale zomwe zili pamalo otetezedwa ndi kuyika ndege zonse pamalo amodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwukira kwa gulu limodzi lomenyera nkhondo m'gawo lotetezedwa kwambiri sikudzatsogolera pakupambana kwachitetezo, koma kupitilira motsatizanatsatizana kwachitetezo ndipo sikungapange luso lalikulu logwira ntchito. Pamapeto pake, mkulu wa asilikaliyo anateteza maganizo ake. Pa June 24, Stalin adavomereza ndondomeko ya opareshoni yomwe akutsogoleredwa ndi kutsogolo, koma posiyana adati: Kumbukirani, Konev, kuti ntchitoyi iyenera kuyenda bwino ndikubweretsa zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa.

Ntchito yakutsogolo inali: kudutsa GA "Northern Ukraine", kumaliza kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine ndikusamutsa zida kudera la Poland. Opaleshoni inachitika mogwirizana ndi asilikali a 1 Belorussian Front patsogolo pa Lublin. Amayenera kumenya nkhonya ziwiri zamphamvu paphiko lakumanja ndi pakati ndikuphwanya kutsogolo kukhala magawo awiri, 60-70 km motalikirana. Yoyamba imayenera kupangidwa kuchokera kumadera akumadzulo kwa Lutsk kupita ku Sokal ndi Rava Russkaya, yachiwiri - kuchokera ku dera la Tarnopol kupita ku Lvov, ndi ntchito yogonjetsa gulu la Lvov la Germany, kulanda Lvov ndi linga la Przemysl.

Gulu lankhondo la Lutsk linaphatikizapo: Gulu Lankhondo Lachitatu la Alonda a Gordov Vasily Grigorievich, Gulu Lankhondo la 3 la Lieutenant General Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov, Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo Loyamba la Alonda a Msilikali General Katukov M.E., Gulu Lopangidwa ndi Cavalry Mechanize ndi 13st Guards Cavalry Corps) motsogozedwa ndi Lieutenant General Viktor Baranov. Kuukiraku kunathandizidwa ndi magulu anayi oyendetsa ndege a 1nd Air Army.

"nkhonya" yomwe imayenera kugunda ku Lvov inaphatikizapo: 60th Army of Colonel General Pavel A. Kurochkin, 38th Army of Colonel General Kirill Sergeevich Moskalenok, 3rd Guards Tank Army of Colonel General Pavel Rybalka , 4th Army: Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la Lieutenant General Dmitry Lkhatenko, Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo Lankhondo Lankhondo Lankhondo Lankhondo Sergei Sokolov lopangidwa ndi: Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo 31 ndi Alonda 6 a Cavalry Corps. Thandizo la mpweya linaperekedwa ndi ma air Corps asanu.

M'gulu lankhondo lomwe likupita ku Lutsk, limayenera kuyang'ana magulu 12 amfuti, ma tank awiri, makina opangidwa ndi okwera pamahatchi, magulu awiri a zida zankhondo - mfuti 14 ndi matope, akasinja 3250 ndi mfuti zodziyendetsa. mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha, ndege 717. Pa gawo la makilomita 1300 la Lvov, magawo 14 oyenda pansi, thanki inayi, asilikali awiri omangika ndi okwera pamahatchi, komanso magulu awiri a zida zankhondo - 15 mfuti ndi matope, akasinja 3775 ndi mfuti zodziyendetsa, ndege za 1084.

Pa tsiku lachisanu la opareshoni, Alonda 3 ndi 4 Tank Armies, mu kuukira m'mbali kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa Lvov, anafika Nemirov-Yavorov mzere, pa mtunda wautali kumadzulo kwa mzinda.

Kumanzere kwa mapiko a kutsogolo, kumapiri a Carpathians, asilikali a 1 Guards Army, Colonel General Andrei Grechka ndi 18th Army, Lieutenant General Evgeny Petrovich Zhuravlev. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupambana kwa oyandikana nawo, gulu lankhondo lachi Greek, litapanga gulu lachigawenga la magulu asanu a ana aang'ono ndi 4th Guards Tank Corps, amayenera kupitiriza kukhumudwitsa, kulanda mlatho m'dera la Galich, motero kuphimba zochita za asilikali molunjika ku Lvov. Gulu lankhondo la Zhuravlev, lomwe likugwira ntchito kum'mwera kwa Dniester, linali ndi ntchito yogwira malire okhala ndikukonzekera kuukira njira ya Stanislavov.

Malo osungira kutsogolo anaphatikizapo 5th Guards Army (magawo asanu ndi anayi) a Colonel-General Aleksey Sergeevich Zhadov, omwe anasamutsidwa ku 2 Ukrainian Front, komanso 47th Rifle Corps ndi lamulo la Supreme High Command.

Atayambitsa zonyansa, magulu omenyera nkhondowo adayenera kugonjetsa magulu ankhondo akulu, ndipo gawo lina lankhondo lawo liyenera kupotoza njira zolumikizirana ndikuwononga mapangidwe a Germany kudera la Brody. Kenako anayenera kutenga mzindawo, kupanga zonyansa ndi kulambalala Lvov kuchokera kumpoto ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Patsiku lachisanu la opaleshoniyo, idakonzedwa kuti ifike kumalire: Hrubieszow - Tomaszow - Nemirov - Yavoruw - Radlów. Pa gawo lachiwiri la opareshoni, kumenyedwako kudasamutsidwa kupita ku Sandomierz kuti akakamize Vistula ndikupanga mlatho wawukulu wogwirira ntchito pafupi ndi Sandomierz. Pochita, bungwe la kuzungulirako lidalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zazikulu, popeza kutsogolo pamzere wa kutumizidwa kwa magulu odabwitsa adatambasulidwa molunjika, popanda mapindikidwe aliwonse.

Pa July 10, Likulu linavomereza dongosolo la ntchitoyo. Lamulo linaperekedwanso kuti agwiritse ntchito magulu ankhondo ankhondo ndi gulu la okwera pamahatchi kuti athyole chitetezo, ndipo kukayikira kunanenedwa za kuthekera kwa kuwoloka mtunda wapansi pa liwiro la 35 km patsiku, monga momwe Konev adatsimikiza. Mtsogoleri wakutsogolo adakakamizika kuvomereza ndikusintha dongosolo logwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo: tsopano adayenera kubweretsedwa kunkhondo pa tsiku lachiwiri la opareshoni pambuyo poti magulu ankhondo ophatikizana adathyola m'dera lachitetezo la mdani.

Kubisa kukonzekera kwa opareshoni, likulu lakutsogolo lidapanga dongosolo lodzibisa, lomwe lidapereka fanizo la ndende ya magulu awiri ankhondo ndi akasinja pamapiko akumanzere akutsogolo, m'magulu a 1st Guards Army ndi gulu lankhondo. 18 Army. Choncho, kutsanzira kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe ka njanji za akasinja ndi mfuti zodziyendetsa zokha kunayamba, madera otsitsira magulu onyamula zida adayesedwera, njira zoyendetsera maulendo awo kumadera okhudzidwawo zinafotokozedwa, ndipo kulemberana makalata kwakukulu kunachitika mumlengalenga. Mitundu yambiri ya akasinja, magalimoto, zida zankhondo ndi zida zina zidawonetsedwa pamasamba abodza. Mabwalo a ndege abodza okhala ndi ziwonetsero za ndege adakutidwa ndi makiyi ankhondo kuti atsindike zowona. Magulu achidziwitso adayima m'midzi yambiri, ndikusankha malo oti akhalemo "malikulu obwera ndi ankhondo."

Ma tanki aku Hungary ndi Germany okhala ndi PzKpfw VI Ausf. E Kambuku; Western Ukraine, July 1944

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolimba kwambiri zodzibisira, sikunali kotheka kunyenga mdani kwathunthu. Ajeremani ankayembekezera kupita patsogolo kwa asilikali a 1st Ukraine Front, makamaka ku Lviv, kumene malo osungiramo ntchito adatumizidwa - 1 Panzer Corps (8 ndi 20 Panzer Divisions ndi 1st Motorized Division) ya General Herman Breit. Iwo adazindikira momwe magulu ankhondo ophatikizana adakhalira komanso momwe zidaliri, adatsimikiza njira zakumenyedwa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kumenyedwa, komanso njira zothana nazo, makamaka kuthamangitsidwa ku mzere wachiwiri wachitetezo kugulu lalikulu lakutsogolo. Mtsogoleri wa 160 Panzer Army, General Erhard Raus, anakumbukira kuti anadziwa molondola molondola malangizo a kuukira waukulu Rusyn, amene sappers ake anaika anthu 200. migodi yotsutsa-ogwira ntchito ndi migodi XNUMX yotsutsana ndi akasinja. Kuchotsa mobisa, kukana mozama, kumenyana popanda kuchedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe othamanga kwambiri - izi zinali njira zachitetezo cha Germany. Nthawi yokhayo sinadziwike, mkuluyo adachotsa asilikali ake pamzere woyamba wachitetezo kwa mausiku atatu motsatizana, kenako adawalamula kuti abwerere pamzere womwe udakhalapo kale. Zowona, adalephera kuzindikira kutumizidwanso kwa asitikali ankhondo a Katukov kum'mwera kwa Lutsk.