nkhonya ya Mussolini. Matanki a Ufumu wa Italy mu 1917-1945
Ulalo wotsatira pakupanga akasinja apakati aku Italiya unali M14/41, galimoto yayikulu kwambiri (mayunitsi 895) yaku Italy m'gulu lake.
Asitikali aku Italy a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse amakumbukiridwa ngati anyamata omenyera mwambi kwa Allies, omwe adapulumutsidwa ndi a German Africa Korps okha. Lingaliro ili siloyenera kwathunthu, popeza kusowa kwachipambano kunakhudzidwa, mwa zina, ndi olamulira osauka, zovuta zogwirira ntchito, ndipo potsiriza, zida zoperewera komanso osati zamakono, komanso zida zankhondo.
Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, asilikali a ku Italy sanachite zambiri kutsogolo kwa Alpine. Anachita bwino pa gulu lankhondo la Austria-Hungary, koma pokopa mphamvu zazikulu zapambuyo pazigawo zina. Komabe, iwo nthawizonse anabwera pa mtengo wa zotayika yaikulu (osatchula kugonjetsedwa komwe kunachitikanso), ngakhale pa nkhondo yaikulu yomaliza ya Vittorio Veneto October 24 - November 3, 1918, imene Italy (ndi thandizo la mayiko ena a Entente) adataya anthu pafupifupi 40 XNUMX. Anthu.
Izi zikufanana ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Western Front, komwe nkhondo ya ngalande inali kupitilira. Kum'maŵa kwa France, machenjerero oloŵerera a ku Germany mbali imodzi, ndi mazana a akasinja a British ndi French mbali ina, anathandiza kubweretsa imfayi. Komabe, kutsogolo kwa Alpine, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunali kovuta, chifukwa nkhondozo zinkamenyedwa m'madera amapiri, pamapiri, pamapiri komanso pakati pa njira zopapatiza. Kuyesa kumanga thanki yawoyawo kudapangidwa kuyambira 1915, koma malingaliro a mafakitale monga thanki yolemera kwambiri ya Fortino Mobile Tipo Pesante idakanidwa nthawi zonse ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Italy. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa 1917, thanki ya ku France Schneider CA 1 inapezedwa, chifukwa cha khama la Captain C. Alfredo Bennicelli. Makampani aku Italiya adayesanso kupanga thanki yake, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti FIAT 2000 idalephera, mapulojekiti olemera a Testuggine Corazzata Ansaldo Turrinelli Modello I ndi Modello II (yomaliza pamagawo anayi otsatiridwa!) Ndipo Torpedino yolemera kwambiri, yomangidwanso ndi Ansaldo. . Mayesero opambana a CA 1 adatsogolera kuyitanitsa ma Schneiders ena 20 ndi akasinja opepuka 100 a Renault FT m'dzinja la 1917, koma dongosololo lidathetsedwa chifukwa chakulephera pa Nkhondo ya Caporetto (kumenya pa Mtsinje wa Piava). Komabe, pofika Meyi 1918, Italy idalandiranso thanki ina ya CA 1 ndi akasinja angapo, mwina atatu a FT, pomwe gulu loyamba lankhondo lankhondo la Italy lidapangidwa m'chilimwe cha 1918: Reparto speciale di marcia carri d'assalto. (Chigawo chapadera cha magalimoto omenyana). ; m'kupita kwa nthawi, CA 1 m'malo ndi FIAT 2000). Posinthanitsa, mgwirizano wa chilolezo unasaina pakati pa mafakitale a Renault ndi FIAT kuti apange akasinja a 1400 FT, koma kumapeto kwa nkhondo kopi imodzi yokha inaperekedwa (malinga ndi malipoti ena, makamaka chifukwa cha kulakwa kwa French, adalephera kuthandizira kuyambika kwa kupanga; malinga ndi magwero ena, aku Italiya adangoyang'ana ntchito yawo ndikusiya FT). Kutha kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse kunali kutha kwa nthawi yoyamba
kukula kwa akasinja aku Italy.
Zoyamba za zida zankhondo zaku Italy
Anthu aku Italiya adachita chidwi ndi nkhani yopeza "malo obisalira" am'manja, omwe amayenera kuthandizira makanda akuukira ngalande ndi moto wake. Mu 1915-1916, kukonzekera ntchito zingapo kunayamba. Komabe, kukokera kwa mbozi sikunali njira yodziwikiratu kwa aliyense - chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, kapu ya "tanki". Luigi Guzalego, katswiri wa zida zankhondo mwaukadaulo, wokonda injiniya. Anapempha mapangidwe a makina oyenda, omwe makina othamanga (ndizovuta kunena za zida zothamanga) anali ndi ma skis awiri omwe akuyenda molumikizana. Chombocho chinalinso ndi zigawo ziwiri; m'munsimu, kuyika kwa galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto kumaperekedwa, kumtunda - chipinda chomenyera nkhondo ndi "zogwirizira" zomwe zimayendetsa skis.
Ngakhale crazier inali projekiti ya eng. Carlo Pomilio kuyambira 1918. Anakonza galimoto yokhala ndi zida zozikidwa pa ... nyumba yapakati ya cylindrical yomwe imakhala ndi injini, ogwira ntchito ndi zida zankhondo (mfuti ziwiri zopepuka zoyikidwa m'mbali mwa silinda). Panali chotchinga mozungulira silinda yomwe imalumikiza zinthu zina zonse, ndipo panalinso mawilo ang'onoang'ono awiri (masilinda) kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti patency yapanjira.
Osati mainjiniya onse aku Italy omwe anali apachiyambi. Mu 1916, injiniya wa Ansaldo Turnelli adayambitsa Testuggine Corazzata Ansaldo Turinelli (Modello I) (ya Turinelli Model I Armored Turtle). Amayenera kukhala ndi kulemera kwa matani 20 (mwina pafupifupi matani 40 ngati akhazikitsidwa), kutalika kwa 8 m (7,02 hull), m'lifupi mwake 4,65 m (hull 4,15) ndi kutalika kwa 3,08 m. ndi makulidwe a 50 mamilimita, ndi zida - 2 75-mamilimita mizinga mu kuzungulira nsanja kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa galimoto ili padenga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mbali iliyonse ya galimotoyo inali ndi mipata iwiri yogwiritsira ntchito ogwira ntchito (RKM, Design Bureau, etc.). Mphamvu zimayenera kuperekedwa ndi injini ziwiri za 200 hp carburetor. aliyense, kupatsira mphamvu kwa Soller-Mangiapan magalimoto magetsi, kuchita ntchito za galimoto leni ndi kufala kwa munthu mmodzi. Kuyimitsidwa kumayenera kukhala ndi mapeyala awiri a bogies, omwe amatsekereza mawilo awiri akuluakulu oyendera limodzi, ozunguliridwa ndi mbozi (800-900 mm!) Ming'oma ina yosunthika inayenera kuikidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuti awoloke ngalandezo. Ogwira ntchitowa amayenera kukhala ndi anthu 10.
