Ndani akugwira galimotoyo "ndi mchira" ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira zake

Nthawi zina galimoto imatha kutha mwadzidzidzi. Dalaivala akukankhira pedal, koma galimotoyo sikuyenda. Kapena kukwera, koma pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale liwiro la injini lili pafupi kwambiri. N’chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika, ndipo n’chiyani chimalepheretsa galimotoyo kuyenda bwinobwino? Tiyeni tiyese kupeza.

Kodi zilakolako zimatha liti ndipo chifukwa chiyani zimachitika?

Injini yagalimoto imatha kusiya kugwira ntchito bwino nthawi iliyonse. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe mphamvu ya injini imatsika kwambiri. Sizingatheke kuzilemba zonse mkati mwa kankhani kakang’ono kamodzi, kotero tiyeni tiyang’ane pa zofala kwambiri:

• mafuta oipa. Ngati galimoto "igwiridwa ndi mchira", ndiye kuti pafupifupi 60% ya milandu iyi ndi chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mafuta. Ndipo mwini galimoto akhoza kutsanulira mafuta olakwika m'galimoto molakwika. Mwachitsanzo, AI92 m'malo mwa AI95;
• mavuto mu poyatsira. Makamaka, kuyatsa kwa mafuta osakaniza kumatha kuchitika molawirira kwambiri, pamene pistoni mu injini yangoyamba kumene kukwera kuzipinda zoyaka. Ngati kutentha kwachitika panthawiyi, kupanikizika kwa mafuta ophulika kumalepheretsa pisitoni kuti ifike pamwamba pakufa. Ndipo ndi ntchito yoyenera yoyatsira, pisitoni imafika pamtunda wapamwamba, ndipo pambuyo pake pamakhala kuwala, ndikuponyera pansi. Injini yomwe kuyatsa kwapita patsogolo, kwenikweni, sikungathe kupanga mphamvu zonse;
• mavuto pompa mafuta. Chigawochi chili ndi zosefera zomwe zitha kutsekeka, kapena mpope womwewo sungathe kugwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu yamagetsi ku injini imasokonekera ndipo kulephera kwamagetsi sikudzatenga nthawi yayitali;
  

  Nthawi zambiri mphamvu ya injini imatsika chifukwa cha pampu yolakwika yamafuta.
• mavuto a mzere wa mafuta. Pakapita nthawi, amatha kutaya mphamvu zawo, mwina chifukwa cha kuvala kwa thupi kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofanana: mpweya udzayamba kulowa mumafuta, omwe sayenera kukhalapo. Kuphatikizika kwa mafuta osakaniza kudzasintha, kudzakhala kowonda, ndipo galimoto "idzagwiridwa ndi mchira";
• kulephera kwa jekeseni. Iwo akhoza kulephera kapena kutsekeka. Chotsatira chake, njira ya jekeseni wa mafuta m'zipinda zoyaka moto imasokonezeka, ndipo injini imataya mphamvu;
• kulephera kwa sensa imodzi kapena zingapo mumagetsi amagetsi agalimoto. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi udindo wosonkhanitsa deta, kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini ndi mafuta omwe amayatsidwa (kapena kuzimitsa). Masensa olakwika amatumiza uthenga wolakwika kugawo lamagetsi. Zotsatira zake, ntchito ya injini ndi mafuta imasokonekera, zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa mphamvu;
• mavuto a nthawi. Makina ogawa gasi amatha kupita molakwika pakapita nthawi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha tcheni cha nthawi chomwe chimatambasulidwa ndikutsika pang'ono. Zotsatira zake, maulendo ogawa gasi amasokonekera, ndipo gawo la mwaye limawonekera pang'onopang'ono m'zipinda zoyaka moto, zomwe sizilola kuti ma valve atseke mwamphamvu. Mipweya yochokera ku kuyaka kwa mafuta osakanikirana amatuluka m'zipinda zoyaka, ndikuwotcha injini. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu zake zimachepa, zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri pamene zikufulumizitsa.
  

  Unyolo wanthawi ndi wotambasulidwa kwambiri komanso wokhazikika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya injini iwonongeke

Pamagalimoto ati ndipo chifukwa chiyani vutoli limachitika

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kutaya mphamvu mu 60% ya milandu kumakhudzana ndi mafuta oipa. Chifukwa chake, choyamba, vuto limakhudza magalimoto omwe amafunikira mafuta. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Magalimoto a BMW, Mercedes ndi Volkswagen. Makina onsewa amafunikira mafuta apamwamba kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mavuto ndi izo m'nyumba zopangira mafuta;
• Magalimoto a Nissan ndi Mitsubishi. Malo ofooka a magalimoto ambiri a ku Japan ndi mapampu amafuta ndi zosefera, zomwe eni ake nthawi zambiri amaiwala kuyang'ana;
• zojambulajambula za VAZ. Makina awo amafuta, komanso zoyatsira moto, sizinakhalepo zokhazikika. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa zitsanzo zakale za carburetor.

Momwe mungadziwire chomwe chimayambitsa kusayenda bwino kwa injini

Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake injini siyikukoka, woyendetsa ayenera kuchitapo kanthu:

• choyamba, khalidwe la petulo ndi kufufuzidwa;
• ndiye dongosolo poyatsira;
• mafuta dongosolo;
• ndondomeko ya nthawi.

Ganizirani zochita za mwini galimotoyo, malingana ndi zifukwa zomwe mphamvu ya injini inatayika.

Mafuta abwino kwambiri

Zotsatira zake pankhaniyi zitha kukhala motere:

1. Theka la mafuta amathiridwa mu thanki. M'malo mwake, mafuta atsopano amatsanuliridwa, ogulidwa pa malo ena opangira mafuta. Ngati kukankha anabwerera, vuto anali mu mafuta, ndi zina zimene mungachite sitingaganizidwe.
2. Ngati dalaivala sakufuna kuchepetsa mafuta, koma akutsimikiza kuti vuto lili mu mafuta, mukhoza kungoyang'ana spark plugs. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mafuta ali ndi zonyansa zambiri zachitsulo, ndiye kuti siketi ndi spark plug electrode zidzakutidwa ndi mwaye wonyezimira. Ngati pali chinyezi mu petulo, makandulo amakhala oyera. Ngati zizindikirozi zapezeka, mafuta ayenera kutsanulidwa, makina opangira mafuta amatsukidwa ndipo malo opangira mafuta asinthidwa.
   

   Kupaka koyera pamakandulo kumawonetsa mafuta otsika

Zokonda zoyatsa zotayika

Kawirikawiri chodabwitsa ichi chikutsatizana ndi kugogoda kosalekeza kwa pistoni. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kugunda kwa injini. Ngati dalaivala ali ndi luso, akhoza kusintha poyatsira. Tiyeni tifanizire izi ndi chitsanzo cha VAZ 2105:

1. Spark plug imachotsedwa pa silinda yoyamba. Bowo la kandulo limatsekedwa ndi pulagi, ndipo crankshaft imatembenuzidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi fungulo mpaka chiwopsezo chamoto chikupezeka.
   

   Kanduloyo imachotsedwa ndi kandulo yapadera
2. Pali notch pa crankshaft pulley. Iyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chiopsezo pa chivundikiro cha cylinder block.
   

   Zolemba pachikuto ndi crankshaft ziyenera kulumikizidwa.
3. Wogawa amatembenuka kuti slider yake ilunjike ku waya wothamanga kwambiri.
4. Kandulo imakulungidwa ku waya, crankshaft imatembenuzidwanso ndi kiyi. A spark pakati pa kukhudzana kwa kandulo ayenera kuchitika mosamalitsa kumapeto kwa psinjika sitiroko.
5. Pambuyo pake, wogawayo amaikidwa ndi fungulo la 14, kanduloyo imayikidwa pamalo okhazikika ndikugwirizanitsa ndi waya wothamanga kwambiri.

Kanema: kukhazikitsa kwa magetsi pa "classic"

Momwe mungayikitsire zoyatsira zamagetsi za VAZ classic

Koma osati pamagalimoto onse, njira yosinthira kuyatsa ndiyosavuta. Ngati mwiniwake wa galimoto alibe chidziwitso choyenera, pali njira imodzi yokha: kupita kuntchito yamagalimoto.

Mavuto amtundu wamafuta

Ndi mavuto ena amafuta, dalaivala angadzipeze yekha. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kusintha fyuluta yotsekeka mu mpope wa petulo kapena mpope wokha ndi manja ake. M'magalimoto ambiri, chipangizochi chimakhala pansi pa kanyumba kanyumba, ndipo kuti mufike kumeneko, mumangofunika kukweza mphasa ndikutsegula chitseko chapadera. Komanso, mpope akhoza kukhala pansi pa makina. Nachi chitsanzo chosinthira pampu pa Mercedes-Benz E-class Estate:

1. Galimoto imayikidwa pa flyover kapena dzenje lowonera.
2. Pompo ili kutsogolo kwa thanki yamafuta. Amayikidwa pansi pa pulasitiki, yomwe imamangiriridwa ndi latches. Chophimbacho chimachotsedwa pamanja.
   

   Chophimba cha pulasitiki cha pampu yamafuta, chogwiridwa ndi zingwe
3. beseni laling'ono limayikidwa pansi kuti likhetse petulo kuchokera ku mapaipi.
4. Kumbali imodzi, pampu imamangirizidwa ku payipi yamafuta ndi cholumikizira. Bolt yomwe ili pa clamp imamasulidwa ndi Phillips screwdriver. Kumbali inayi, chipangizocho chimakhala pazitsulo ziwiri za 13. Iwo sali otsekedwa ndi wrench yotseguka.
   

   Chotchinga papaipi yapope chimamasulidwa ndi screwdriver
5. Pampu imachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi yatsopano. Chophimba chotetezera chimabwezeretsedwa kumalo ake oyambirira.
   

   Pompo yatsopano imayikidwa, imakhalabe kubwezeretsa chophimba chotetezera kumalo ake

Mfundo yofunika: ntchito zonse zimachitika mu magalasi ndi magolovesi. Mafuta oponyedwa m'maso angayambitse khungu. Chipinda chomwe makinawo adayimitsidwa ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino ndipo pasakhale magwero otsegula moto pafupi.

Koma serviceability wa injectors kufufuzidwa pa malo apadera, amene ali pakati utumiki. Imagwiranso ntchito zowunikira mizere yamafuta ndikuwunika kulimba kwawo. Ngakhale mwiniwake wagalimoto wodziwa zambiri sangapeze ndikukonza zovuta zonsezi payekha popanda zida zapadera.

Zolakwika mu ECU ndi nthawi

Pothetsa mavutowa, munthu sangachite popanda zida zowunikira komanso makina odziwa ntchito zamagalimoto. Dalaivala wodziwa bwino adzatha kusintha paokha unyolo sagging nthawi pa galimoto VAZ. Kuchita zomwezo pagalimoto yopangidwa ndi mayiko ena kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi unit control.

Chigawo chowongolera injini kuchokera kugalimoto ya Mercedes sichingakonzedwenso mu garaja

Simungathe kuyesa popanda zida zapadera. Kotero ngati dalaivala wakhala akuletsa mavuto ndi mafuta, kuyatsa, dongosolo la mafuta ndipo zimangoyang'ana ECU ndi nthawi, galimotoyo iyenera kuyendetsedwa ku galimoto.

Kuyerekeza mtengo wokonza

Mtengo wa diagnostics ndi kukonza zimadalira mtundu wa galimoto ndi mitengo pa malo utumiki. Choncho, manambala akhoza kusiyana kwambiri. Komanso, kukonza magalimoto German zambiri ndalama zambiri kuposa Japanese ndi Russian. Poganizira mfundo zonsezi, mitengo ikuwoneka motere:

• kuyang'ana dongosolo la mafuta, kuchotsa mapampu ndi zosefera - kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 8 zikwi rubles;
• kuyeretsa ndi kubwezeretsa nozzles - kuchokera 3 mpaka 12 rubles;
• kuyang'ana ndi kukonza nthawi - kuchokera ku 5 mpaka 18 rubles;
• diagnostics kompyuta ndi m'malo masensa - kuchokera 2 mpaka 8 zikwi rubles.

Njira zothandizira

Atabwezeretsa kukopa kwa injini, dalaivala ayenera kusamala kuti vutoli lisabwere m'tsogolomu. Nawa njira zodzitetezera:

• kuwongolera khalidwe lamafuta. Osachepera kamodzi pamwezi, muyenera kuyang'ana mapulagi a spark a soot bulauni ndi madipoziti oyera;
• kukonza nthawi yake. Kuchuluka kwa chochitika ichi kumadalira chitsanzo cha galimoto. Nthawi zina, madalaivala samadutsa MOT yotsatira, mwina chifukwa chosowa ndalama, kapena chifukwa cha ulesi wa banal. Koma ngakhale ngati mwini galimotoyo akuwoneka kuti zonse zili bwino ndi galimotoyo, siziri choncho. Ndipo mukhoza kudziwa kokha ndi chithandizo cha zipangizo matenda. Choncho m'magulu osavomerezeka kunyalanyaza kuyendera luso;
• kuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa chain chain. Kwa mayeso oterowo, palibe luso lapadera lomwe limafunikira. Ndikokwanira kumasula ma bolts pa chipika cha nthawi ndikukoka unyolo ndi dzanja. Ngati ikugwa kwambiri, mwini galimotoyo amamva nthawi yomweyo;
• kuyang'ana zosefera pa pampu yamafuta. Muyeso wina womwe madalaivala ambiri amaiwala. Kamodzi pa milungu itatu iliyonse, tsegulani hatch ya mpope ndikuwunika momwe zosefera zilili. Pa magalimoto German amadetsedwa mofulumira kwambiri, poganizira ubwino wa mafuta apanyumba. Zosefera zakuda ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo.
  

  Ngati zosefera mu mpope wamafuta ndi zakuda, ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Choncho, kutayika kwa galimoto ndi vuto la multifactorial. Kuti athetse, dalaivala amayenera kudutsa njira zonse zomwe angathe kwa nthawi yaitali, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera. Nthawi zambiri, vuto limakhala mafuta otsika kwambiri. Koma ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti popanda diagnostics kompyuta zonse ndi thandizo la zimango oyenerera, simungathe kuzilingalira izo.