Tanki ya Cruiser "Crusader"
Tanki ya Cruiser "Crusader"Tank, Cruiser Crusader.
Kukula koyambirira kwa projekiti ya A15 kudayimitsidwa chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika kwa zofunikira zokha ndikuyambiranso pansi pa dzina la A16 ku Nuffield. Posakhalitsa chivomerezo cha masanjidwe a matabwa a A13 Mk III ("Covenanter"), yomwe idaperekedwa mu Epulo 1939, wamkulu wa Mechanisation Directorate adafunsa General Staff kuti aganizire zamitundu ina yomwe ingagwirizane ndi thanki yolemera. Awa anali A18 (kusinthidwa kokulira kwa thanki ya Tetrarch), A14 (yopangidwa ndi Landon Midland ndi Scottish Railway), A16 (yopangidwa ndi Nuffield), ndi "yatsopano" A15, yomwe imayenera kukhala mtundu wokulirapo wa A13Mk III. A15 inali yodziwika bwino kwambiri, chifukwa idagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zambiri ndi magulu a akasinja amtundu wa A13, kuphatikiza ndi undercarriage yamtundu wa Christie, imatha kupanga mwachangu, chifukwa chautali wake idatseka maenje okulirapo ndipo inali ndi 30-40. mm zida, zomwe zidapereka mwayi waukulu kuposa ofunsira ena. Nuffield adaganizanso zopanga tanki yozikidwa pa A13 M1s III ndikuwonjeza koyenda pansi ndi gudumu lamsewu mbali iliyonse. Mu June 1939, Nuffield adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito injini ya Liberty yoyambira A13 m'malo mwa Meadows ya tanki ya A13 Mk III, popeza Liberty anali atapanga kale Nuffield kupanga koma sanaigwiritse ntchito. Inalonjezanso kuchepetsa kulemera; mkulu wa dipatimenti ya Makina adavomereza ndipo mu Julayi 1939 adapereka ntchito yofananira ndi akasinja 200 kuphatikiza chitsanzo choyesera. Yomaliza inakonzedwa pofika March 1940. Pakati pa 1940, dongosolo la A15 linawonjezeka kufika pa 400, kenako ku makina a 1062, ndipo Nuffield anakhala mtsogoleri mu gulu la makampani asanu ndi anayi omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yopanga A15. Mpaka 1943, okwana linanena bungwe anafika 5300 magalimoto. "Matenda aubwana" a chitsanzochi anali ndi mpweya wabwino, kuzizira kwa injini kosakwanira, ndi zovuta zosuntha. Kupanga popanda kuyesa kwanthawi yayitali kunatanthauza kuti Crusader, monga idatchulidwira kumapeto kwa 1940, idawonetsa kudalirika kolakwika. Panthawi ya nkhondo m'chipululu, thanki ya Crusader inakhala thanki yaikulu ya ku Britain kuyambira kumapeto kwa 1941. Anayamba kuona zochitika ku Capuzzo mu June 1941 ndipo adatenga nawo mbali pa nkhondo zonse zomwe zinatsatira kumpoto kwa Africa, ndipo ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo ya El Alamein mu October 1942 idakhalabe muutumiki ndi mfuti ya 57 mm, ngakhale kuti panthawiyo inali itayamba. anali atasinthidwa kale ndi American MZ ndi M4.
Akasinja otsiriza Crusader potsiriza anachotsedwa mayunitsi kumenyana mu May 1943, koma chitsanzo ichi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maphunziro mpaka mapeto a nkhondo. Kuyambira pakati pa 1942, Crusader chassis idasinthidwa kukhala magalimoto apadera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ZSU, mathirakitala ankhondo ndi ma ARV. Pofika nthawi yomwe Nkhondo ya Crusader idapangidwa, kunali kuchedwa kwambiri kuti aganizire maphunziro a nkhondo ya ku France mu 1940. Makamaka, mfuti ya mphuno ya mphuno inathetsedwa chifukwa cha mpweya wake wovuta komanso wochepa mphamvu, komanso. pofuna kuchepetsa kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, zinakhala zotheka kuwonjezera pang'ono makulidwe a zida zankhondo kumbali yakutsogolo ya hull ndi turret. Pomaliza, Mk III adakonzedwanso kuchokera ku 2-pounder kupita ku 6-pounder.
Ajeremani anakondwerera thanki ya Crusader chifukwa cha liwiro lake lalikulu, koma sakanatha kupikisana ndi German Pz III ndi cannon 50 mm - mdani wake wamkulu m'chipululu - mu makulidwe a zida, kulowa kwake ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito. Mfuti zankhondo zaku Germany za 55-mm, 75-mm ndi 88-mm zidagundanso ankhondo a Crusaders pankhondo m'chipululu.
Zochita za tank MK VI "Crusider III"
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Tanki ya Crusader idapangidwa mu 1940 ndi kampani ya Nuffield ndipo ikuyimira chitukuko china cha banja la akasinja oyenda pagalimoto yamtundu wa Christie. Ili ndi masanjidwe pafupifupi tingachipeze powerenga: Nuffield-Liberty madzi utakhazikika petulo injini ili kumbuyo kwa hull, kumenyana ndi mbali yake yapakati, ndi kulamulira chipinda kutsogolo. Kupatuka kwina kwachiwembu chachikale kunali mfuti yamfuti, yomwe idayikidwa pakusintha koyamba kutsogolo, kumanja kwa dalaivala. Zida zazikulu za thanki - 40-mm cannon ndi 7,92-mm machine gun coaxial - inayikidwa mu turret yozungulira yozungulira, yomwe inali ndi ngodya zazikulu za mbale zankhondo mpaka 52 mm wandiweyani. Kuzungulira kwa nsanja kunkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito hydraulic kapena mechanical drive. Chipinda cha chimango chinali ndi zida zakutsogolo 52 mm zokhuthala ndi zida zam'mbali 45 mm wandiweyani. Pofuna kuteteza kavalo wapansi, zotchingira zankhondo zinkaikidwa. Monga onse apanyanja aku Britain, thanki ya Crusader inali ndi wailesi ndi intercom ya tank. Crusader idapangidwa mosintha katatu motsatizana. Kusintha kotsiriza kwa Crusader III kunapangidwa mpaka May 1942 ndipo kunali ndi mfuti ya 57 mm. Pazonse, pafupifupi 4300 Crusaders ndi 1373 kumenyana ndi magalimoto othandizira kutengera iwo (mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege, magalimoto okonza ndi kubwezeretsa, etc.) anapangidwa. Mu 1942-1943. anali zida zokhazikika zamagulu ankhondo ankhondo.
