Mbiri Yachidule ya Wrench

	Wrench adawonekera koyamba m'zaka za zana la 15 ngati mawonekedwe a bokosi (onani mkuyu. Kodi key toggle ndi chiyani?). Panalibe saizi yokhazikika, ndipo chomangira chilichonse ndi chitsulo chinapangidwa payekha ndi wosula zitsulo.
	Amakhulupirira kuti ma wrench oyambirira ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kupota mauta a utawa wopingasa, ndikumangirira kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri kuposa momwe dzanja la munthu lingachitire.
	Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 16, anatulukira mfuti zotsekera pa magudumu zomwe zinkafunika kuwombera sikelo. Wrench adanyamula mfutiyo pokweza gudumu. Chombocho chikakokedwa, kasupewo ankatuluka ndipo gudumulo linkazungulira, zomwe zinkachititsa kuti mfuti ituluke.
	Sizinali mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 pomwe ma wrench adakhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza mitundu yonse yomwe tili nayo masiku ano. Ndi kuyamba kwa Industrial Revolution, ma wrenches achitsulo opangidwa ndi osula anasinthidwa ndi matembenuzidwe achitsulo opangidwa pamlingo wokulirapo.
	Pofika m'chaka cha 1825 miyeso yokhazikika ya zomangira ndi ma wrench zidapangidwa kuti mtedza, mabawuti ndi ma wrenche zisinthidwe ndipo siziyenera kupangidwa ngati seti.
	Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zitha kusinthidwa, ma wrench atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zomangira zingapo, ndipo mtedza utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa bawuti imodzi. Zinkatanthawuzanso kuti makanika aliyense amatha kuyendetsa galimotoyo ndi ma wrenches akeake m'malo moti galimoto nthawi zonse imayenda ndi seti inayake.
	Kulondola kwa kupanga zida izi kunali kotsika kwambiri, zolondola mpaka 1/1,000 ″. Pofika m'chaka cha 1841, injiniya wina dzina lake Sir Joseph Whitworth anali atapanga njira yowonjezera kulondola kwa 1/10,000 1 ″ ndiyeno, popanga benchi micrometer, mpaka 1,000,000/XNUMX ″.
	Ndi ukadaulo watsopanowu, muyezo wa Whitworth udapangidwa, womwe utha kubwerezedwanso mufakitale iliyonse mdziko lonse.
	Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, pofuna kupulumutsa zida, muyezo wa Whitworth udasinthidwa kuti mitu yolumikizira ikhale yaying'ono. Mulingo uwu udadziwika kuti British Standard (BS). Ma wrenches a Whitworth atha kugwiritsidwabe ntchito mulingo watsopano, koma ma wrench ang'onoang'ono ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake. Mwachitsanzo, wrench ya ¼W ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zomangira 5/16BS (onani chithunzi). Ndi ma wrench anji omwe alipo? kuti mudziwe zambiri).
	M'zaka za m'ma 1970, UK adaganiza zotsatira zomwe mayiko ena a ku Ulaya adachita ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowonetsera. Ma wrenches ndi zomangira zidayamba kupangidwa m'miyeso yatsopano, koma popeza zida zomwe zidapangidwa zaka za m'ma 70 zisanagwiritsidwe ntchito, ma wrench a inchi nthawi zina amafunikirabe.