KOWALIK - chitsanzo cha glider chopangidwa ndi makatoni ndi bar kuti achoke pamanja

Zitsanzo zowuluka mosakayikira ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa opanga ma model, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu. Nthawi ino tidzapanga chitsanzo chaching'ono komanso chowoneka ngati chophweka, koma, monga ndi dzina lake lamoyo, mudzayenera kuyesa pang'ono kuti musangalale ndi maonekedwe ake okongola mu ulemerero wake wonse.

Nuthatch ya Eurasian (Sitta europaea) imapezeka m'nkhalango zakale, m'mapaki akuluakulu ndi minda. Zofanana kukula kwa mpheta. Kutalika kwa mapiko kumayambira masentimita 23 mpaka 27. Kuwonjezera pa mtundu wa nthenga (mapiko otuwa-imvi ndi mimba ya bulauni-lalanje), amafanana ndi mpheta malinga ndi maonekedwe a thupi (sitidzadabwa ngati tipeza. kuti ali a dongosolo lomwelo la mpheta). Ili ndi thupi lalitali komanso mutu wake wautali wokhala ndi mlomo wautali, kuchokera m'maso mwake muli mzere wautali wakuda. Ili ndi mchira waufupi ndi miyendo yomaliza ndi zikhadabo zazitali, zotupa kwambiri. Moyo wake uli ngati wopala nkhuni, ngakhale kuti sabowola mitengo. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka pamitengo ndi nthambi za mitengo, pomwe, kumamatira ku zikhadabo zake, zimathamangira mmwamba ndi pansi, komanso mozondoka! Ikhozanso kuyenda pansi pa nthambi. Palibe mbalame ina ku Ulaya imene ingachite zimenezi ndipo ndi mitundu yochepa chabe padziko lapansi imene ingafanane nazo. Iyi ndi mbalame yongokhala, siimasamuka, siuluka m'nyengo yozizira. Zimadya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, zomwe zimatuluka pansi pa khungwa ndi mlomo wakuthwa. Masheya - kwa tsiku lamvula, amafinya mu ming'alu ya khungwa la mtengo kapena mu dzenje pansi. M'nyengo yozizira, pamodzi ndi mawere, imawulukira kufupi ndi midzi kuti igwiritse ntchito thandizo lathu. Ku Poland, mtundu uwu umatetezedwa kwambiri. Mutha kudziwa zambiri za mbalame yokongola iyi, mwachitsanzo, apa:

Pang'ono za m'badwo ndi katundu wa chitsanzo

Tiyenera kuzindikira apa kuti, mosiyana ndi mbalame zenizeni, makatoni athu a KOVALIK ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndi KOLIBER, glider yachitsanzo cha kukula ndi mapangidwe ofanana, omwe anapangidwa mu 1997 ndikuyesedwa ndi mazana a achinyamata. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kamangidwe kake kunasindikizidwa mwezi uliwonse RC Przegląd Modelarski m'magazini 7/2006 (imapezekanso pa www.MODELmaniak.pl). Ngakhale idapangidwa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa, ndi yabwinonso pophunzitsa oyendetsa mawayilesi am'tsogolo komanso mpikisano wapanyumba kapena wamba mu gulu lachitsanzoli (mwa njira, tidapambana mamendulo onse pampikisano wa Wrocław flying club mu gulu la F1N Class cardboard model subclass. ). mu 2002 ndi 2003). Mitundu yonseyi idapangidwira maphunziro oyambira pamakalasi amgalimoto. Amafunikira chidziwitso choyambirira cha chiphunzitso cha ndege ndipo motero savomerezedwa kwa opanga achichepere kwambiri (ochepera zaka 12), makamaka ngati sangadalire kuthandizidwa ndi wowongolera ndege wodziwa zambiri. Ubwino wa mapangidwe onsewa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ingasinthidwe kuti igwirizane ndi kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kwa ojambula achichepere (zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi kanyumba kapena zopanda, njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira mchira wopingasa). Ubwino wina ndikutha kupanga mwachangu pazosowa za shopu yachitsanzo, ma seti a makatoni amatha kusindikizidwa bwino pamtundu wa A4 pa chosindikizira chanyumba kapena kalabu.

Zida, zida, njira

Chinthu chachikulu chopangira chitsanzo ichi ndi makatoni okhwima olemera pafupifupi 300 g/m.² izi zikutanthauza kuti mapepala khumi a kukula kwa A4 ayenera kulemera pafupifupi 187g.², yotsika mtengo pafupifupi 150 g/m². Ndiye yankho lotsimikizika lingakhale kumata mosamala masambawo pakati - pamapeto pake, mtundu wa A5 ndiwokwanira. Kodi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito midadada pojambula? ali ndi mawonekedwe okulirapo pang'ono komanso olemera 270 g/m² mwa izi, chitsanzo chinapangidwa kuti chiwonetsere nkhaniyi. Itha kukhalanso makatoni okhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 250g/mXNUMX.², imagulitsidwa pa mapepala a A4 ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chivundikiro chakumbuyo kwa zolemba zomangirira (zojambulajambula). Ponena za mtundu wa makatoni, mbalame yeniyeni imakhala ndi imvi-buluu kumbuyo ndi mapiko (choncho kusankha kwa chitsanzo chawonetsero), ngakhale kuti mtundu wa makatoni ndi waulere. Kuphatikiza pa makatoni, matabwa ena amtundu wa pine lath 3 × 3 × 30 mm, chidutswa cha balsa 8 × 8 × 70 mm (kwa msonkhano, ndi bwino kupanga chipangizo chosavuta chomwe chingathandize kudula mosavuta. Macheka ang'onoang'ono ozungulira ndi zotsalira za balsa kapena plywood 3 mm wandiweyani) miyeso pafupifupi 30 × 45 mm (angathenso kupangidwa kuchokera ku mabokosi a citrus). Mwachitsanzo Matsenga) Zida: pensulo, rula, lumo, mpeni wapapepala, sandpaper.

Kuti chitsanzocho chikhale chosavuta, mukhoza kuchitsitsa kuti musindikize. Ikasindikizidwa, muyenera kusamutsa zojambulazo ku makatoni. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo: - gwiritsani ntchito pepala la kaboni - mutajambulanso mbali yakumanzere ndi pensulo (yokwanira m'malo ovuta, i.e. m'makona ndi m'mphepete mwazinthu zilizonse) - dulani zinthuzo ndikuzilemba. Pazinthu zomwe mukufuna - gwiritsani ntchito chosindikizira, choyenera kusindikiza pa makatoni, kapena chiwembu choyenera.

Msonkhano wa Airframe

Pambuyo pokonza zida zonse, zida ndi kusamutsa zojambula za zinthu ku makatoni omwe mukufuna, timapitilira kudula mosamala mapiko, nthenga ndi ma portholes a kanyumba ka glider (ndiye kuti, katswiri wa limousine). Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga mzere wolondola wa mapiko pamodzi ndi axis of symmetry ya chitsanzo, i.e. pamenepo adzalumikizana. Pambuyo kudula, timachitsulo (chosalala) mizere ya mapiko pa mapiko ndi mchira.

Pa plywood ndi balsa timayika ma contours a kanyumba ndi underwing block malinga ndi template yosindikizidwa. Chinthu choyamba chimadulidwa bwino ndi mpira; kuti mudule chachiwiri, mumangofunika mpeni wapa wallpaper ndi chidwi ndi chisamaliro. Lath la pine la mtengo wa hull likhoza kudulidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi mpeni wakuthwa (wazithunzi), ndikudula mozungulira, ndikuwuphwanya mosamala. Pambuyo kudula ndi kupukuta, sungani cockpit ndi fuselage mtengo, kuwasiya pansi pa gulu la rabala. Pakalipano, tidzapita ku sitepe yotsatira yomwe ambiri opanga ma modelers ali ndi vuto lalikulu ndi kulumikiza mapiko. Choyamba, yang'anani kulondola kwa odulidwa ndikuyesera pa zinthu youma.

Chotsatira ndikumata tepi pachitseko chimodzi chapakati. Malekezero a tepi ayenera kutulukira pang'ono kupitirira kutsogolo (kuukira) ndi kumbuyo (kumbuyo) mbali za phiko. Pakupindika kwa mbiri ya sash, pangani ndi lumo theka la m'lifupi mwa tepi yomatira. Kenako mapiko achiwiri amamangiriridwa pang'ono ku phiko lokulitsa ndi tepi yomatira (kotero, imapindika pang'ono). Pokhapokha kumbuyo kwa lamba wachiwiri kumamatidwa ndi kutsogolo kwa lamba kumamatiridwa mogwirizana ndi zinthu ziwirizi. Akayika patebulo, nsonga zonse za mapiko ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wofanana (pafupifupi 3cm). Opaleshoniyi ikamalizidwa, mapikowo ayenera kukhala ndi zenith (camber yoyenera pamapiko) ndi mbiri (camber kudutsa phiko). Pomaliza, sungani nsonga za tepi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mapiko. Cholakwika chofala kwambiri popanga mapiko amtundu uwu ndikuwaumba mosabisa.

Mapiko akamamatidwa bwino, sungani balsa underwing bar pakati ndikusiya kuti ziume. Panthawiyi, michirayo imamangiriridwa ku fuselage yomatidwa kale, choyamba yopingasa, kenako yowongoka, malinga ndi njira yosankhidwa yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi. Chenjerani! Mapiko sangagwirizane ndi fuselage! Izi zatsimikiziridwa kale nthawi zambiri ndipo zimapangitsa guluu pafupifupi kutera kulikonse kosapambana. Pakalipano, phiri losinthika limangofunika kusinthidwa musanayambe kunyamuka. Ndi bwino kumangirira mapikowo ndi gulu limodzi lotanuka (kupyolera mumlomo, pamwamba pa mapiko, pansi pa mchira, kumbuyo kwa mapiko ndi pamwamba pa mlomo). Kusintha kwapakati pa mphamvu yokoka kumachitikanso popanda mavuto. Komabe, kuti phiko likhale lolimba pambuyo potera molimba, mizere iwiri yowongoka imayikidwa chizindikiro pamtengo wapansi ndi pamtengo wa fuselage, womwe uyenera kuyang'aniridwa musananyamuke. Fast imasunga mpaka kumapeto. Pamene kanyumba sikufuna kulemera, zinthu ziwiri zomaliza za makatoni zimangomangiriridwa kwa izo. Komabe, nyumbayo ikapangidwa ndi zinthu zopepuka kwambiri (plywood yopepuka kapena balsa), mabowo a ballast ayenera kubisika pansi pa galasi. Ballast imatha kuwombera motsogola, mawotchi ang'onoang'ono achitsulo, ndi zina zambiri. Pamene sitikusonkhanitsa nyumbayo, ballast ndi mtanda wa pulasitiki womatira kumphuno ya chitsanzo.

MAPHUNZIRO OPANDA NDEGE

Mapiko okhazikika amayikidwa pamtunda wa ~ <> 8 cm kuchokera ku uta. Timayang'ana ma symmetry (kapena asymmetry) a malo a zinthu zachitsanzo. Timalinganiza chitsanzocho pothandizira mapiko, kawirikawiri pansi pa khola la ndege. Pamaulendo apaulendo oyesa, ndibwino kusankha nyengo yabata kapena malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kugwira chitsanzo pansi pa phiko, kuponyera mwamphamvu pansi.

ZOPHUNZITSA NDEGE:

- ndege yachitsanzo imakweza (njanji B) chikepe pansi kapena kuponyera chitsanzocho pang'onopang'ono - mawonekedwe a ndege ozungulira (njira C) nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha kusalinganika (ie kupotoza) kwa mapiko kapena mapiko chifukwa cha kusonkhana kosayenera panthawi mayendedwe kapena kugundana ndi zopinga, ndege yachitsanzo imatembenukira pamapiko ndi mbali yotsika yakuukira (ie, kutembenukira patsogolo) fufuzani ndikuwongolera kupindika kwa mapiko molingana ndi lamulo lomwe lili pamwambapa - ndege yachitsanzo imatembenukira lathyathyathya (njanji D) kupotoza chiwongolero mu mbali ina - ndege yachitsanzo imadumphira (kutsata E) kukweza bwino chikepe kapena kuponyera chitsanzocho.

Mpikisano, MASEWERO NDI ZOCHITA ZA NDEGE

Ndi KOWALIK mutha kutenga nawo gawo pampikisano wachitsanzo wapachaka wa F1N wokonzedwa ndi Aero Club ya ku Poland (ngakhale, monga mungavomereze, sizofanana kwathunthu ndi zowongolera bwino za balsa kapena thovu za kalasi iyi), mkalasi yanu, sukulu. ndi mpikisano wa makalabu (mipikisano yakutali). ), nthawi yowuluka kapena kutsetsereka kolondola). Mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanga ma aerobatics ndipo, koposa zonse, phunzirani malamulo oyendetsa ndege omwe amalamulira mitundu yayikulu (kuphatikiza zoyendetsedwa patali). Chifukwa cha mapiko osalimba, osula zitsulo amaphunzira msanga mphamvu ya ma ailerons panjira yowuluka, chifukwa chake amakhala osayenera kwa anthu wamba (mwachitsanzo, pa zikondwerero). Pogwiritsa ntchito ma tempuleti a KOWALIK ochepetsedwa kapena okulirapo, mutha kupanganso machitidwe ena ndi mphotho zowoneka bwino… Njira yomwe ndimaperekanso chithandizo ndi chithandizo chauzimu. Kuwuluka kosangalatsa!