Wailesi yapamlengalenga imawulutsa mosangalatsa kwambiri

Zimabwera mwadzidzidzi, kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe, ndi cacophony wa ma frequency ambiri, ndipo amadulidwa pambuyo pa ma milliseconds ochepa chabe. Mpaka posachedwa, ankakhulupirira kuti zizindikirozi sizibwerezabwereza. Komabe, zaka zingapo zapitazo, mmodzi wa FRB anaphwanya lamuloli, ndipo mpaka lero limabwerabe nthawi ndi nthawi. Monga momwe chilengedwe chinanenera mu Januwale, mlandu wachiwiri woterewu udapezeka posachedwa.

Kubwereza kwawayilesi kwakanthawi kochepa (FRB - ) imachokera ku mlalang’amba waung’ono womwe uli m’gulu la nyenyezi la Galeta, womwe uli pamtunda wa zaka pafupifupi 3 biliyoni. Osachepera timaganiza choncho, chifukwa chitsogozo chokha chimaperekedwa. Mwina watumizidwa ndi chinthu china chimene ife sitichiwona.

M’nkhani ina imene inalembedwa m’magazini yotchedwa Nature, asayansi ananena kuti telesikopu ya wailesi ya ku Canada CHIME (Kuyesa Mapu a Hydrogen Intensity ku Canada) mawayilesi khumi ndi atatu adalembetsedwa, kuphatikiza zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pamalo amodzi mlengalenga. Gwero lawo likuyerekezeredwa kukhala kutali ndi zaka 1,5 biliyoni zopepuka, kuwirikiza kawiri kufupi ndi kumene chizindikiro choyamba chobwerezabwereza chinatulutsidwa.

Chida chatsopano - zatsopano zatsopano

FRB yoyamba idapezeka mu 2007, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo tatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa magwero opitilira makumi asanu amalingaliro otere. Amatha milliseconds, koma mphamvu zawo zimafanana ndi zomwe Dzuwa limapanga mwezi umodzi. Zikuoneka kuti mpaka zikwi zisanu miliri yotere imafika padziko lapansi tsiku ndi tsiku, koma sitingathe kuzilemba zonse, chifukwa sizidziwika kuti zidzachitika liti komanso kuti.

The CHIME radio telescope idapangidwa makamaka kuti izindikire zochitika zamtunduwu. Ili m'chigwa cha Okanagan ku British Columbia, ili ndi tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timayang'ana thambo lonse lakumpoto tsiku lililonse. Pazizindikiro khumi ndi zitatu zomwe zidalembedwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala 2018, imodzi yochokera kumalo omwewo idabwerezedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi. Asayansi atchula chochitikachi FRB 180814.J0422 + 73. Mawonekedwe azizindikiro anali ofanana Mtengo wa 121102chomwe chinali choyamba chodziwika kwa ife kudzibwereza kuchokera kumalo omwewo.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, FRB mu CHIME idajambulidwa koyamba pamafupipafupi ndi dongosolo la okha 400 MHz. Zofukulidwa m'mbuyomo za kuphulika kwa wailesi nthawi zambiri zinkachitika patali kwambiri, pafupi ndi mawailesi. 1,4 GHz. Kuzindikira kunachitika pamlingo wopitilira 8 GHz, koma ma FRB omwe timawadziwa sanawonekere pafupipafupi pansi pa 700 MHz - ngakhale tidayesetsa kuwazindikira pamafunde awa.

The wapezeka flares amasiyana wina ndi mzake mwa mawu a kusamba kwa nthawi (kubalalitsidwa kumatanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa mafunde olandilidwa kumachulukira, magawo a siginecha yomweyo yojambulidwa pama frequency ena amafika kwa wolandila pambuyo pake). Imodzi mwa FRBs yatsopano imakhala ndi mtengo wobalalika kwambiri, womwe ungatanthauze kuti gwero lake liri pafupi ndi Dziko Lapansi (chizindikirocho sichinabalalika kwambiri, kotero chikanakhoza kubwera kwa ife pa mtunda waufupi). Mwanjira ina, FRB yodziwika imakhala ndi kuphulika kotsatizana kamodzi - ndipo mpaka pano tikudziwa ochepa okha.

Pamodzi, zomwe zimayaka moto pachitsanzo chatsopanochi zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kuti zimachokera kumadera omwe amamwaza mafunde a wailesi mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa sing'anga yomwe ilipo mu Milky Way yathu. Mosasamala kanthu komwe amachokera, ma FRB amapangidwa motere. pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthumonga malo a milalang'amba yogwira ntchito kapena zotsalira za supernova.

Posachedwapa akatswiri a zakuthambo adzakhala ndi chida chatsopano champhamvu chimene chidzakhala square mileage,ndi. matelesikopu a wailesi omwe ali m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu lapansi, okhala ndi malo okwana kilomita imodzi. SKA idzakhala yamphamvu kuwirikiza ka makumi asanu kuposa telesikopu ina iliyonse yodziwika ya wailesi, zomwe zidzalola kuti ilembetse ndikuwerenga ndendende kuphulika kwawayilesi kofulumira kotere, ndiyeno kudziwa komwe kumachokera. Zowona zoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi ziyenera kuchitika mu 2020.

Artificial intelligence yawona zambiri

Mu Seputembala chaka chatha, zidziwitso zidawoneka kuti, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira zanzeru zopangira, zinali zotheka kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mawayilesi amawayilesi omwe adatumizidwa ndi chinthu chomwe chatchulidwa FRB 121102 ndikukhazikitsa chidziwitso pankhaniyi.

Zinali zofunikira kusanthula deta ya 400 terabytes ya 2017. Kumvera deta kuchokera Green Bank Telescope kuphulika kwatsopano kuchokera ku gwero lodabwitsa la kubwereza FRB 121102. Monga momwe ochita kafukufuku amanenera, zizindikirozo sizinapangire chitsanzo chokhazikika.

Monga gawo la pulogalamuyi, kafukufuku watsopano adachitika (woyambitsa nawo anali Stephen Hawking), cholinga chake ndi kuphunzira chilengedwe. Zowonjezereka, zinali za masitepe otsatirawa a subproject, omwe amatanthauzidwa ngati kuyesa kupeza umboni wa kukhalapo kwa nzeru zakunja. Ikukwaniritsidwa molumikizana ndi KHALANI (), pulojekiti yasayansi yomwe yadziwika kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ikugwira ntchito yofufuza zizindikiro zochokera kuzinthu zakunja.

SETI Institute imagwiritsa ntchito Allen Telescopic Netkuyesera kupeza deta m'mabandi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu. Zida zatsopano zowunikira za digito zomwe zakonzedweratu kuti ziwonetsedwe zidzalola kuzindikira ndi kuwona kuphulika kwafupipafupi komwe palibe chida china chilichonse chingazindikire. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti kuti muthe kunena zambiri za FRB, muyenera kutero zopezedwa zambiri. Osati makumi, koma zikwi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zamtundu wa FRB

Alendo ndi osafunika

Popeza ma FRB oyamba adalembedwa, ofufuza ayesa kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa. Ngakhale mu zongopeka za zopeka za sayansi, asayansi m'malo mwake samagwirizanitsa FRB ndi zitukuko zachilendo, kuziwona ngati zotsatira za kugunda kwa zinthu zamphamvu zakuthambo, mwachitsanzo, mabowo akuda kapena zinthu zotchedwa maginito.

Pazonse, pafupifupi ma hypotheses khumi ndi awiri okhudzana ndi zizindikiro zachinsinsi amadziwika kale.

Mmodzi wa iwo akuti anachokera mothamanga kwambiri nyenyezi za neutron.

Zina ndikuti zimachokera ku masoka achilengedwe monga kuphulika kwa supernova kapena neutron star kugwa kumabowo akuda.

Wina akufuna kufotokozera muzinthu zakuthambo zotchedwa zowunikira. Blitzar ndi mtundu wina wa nyenyezi ya nyutroni yomwe imakhala ndi kulemera kokwanira kuti isanduke dzenje lakuda, koma izi zimalepheretsedwa ndi mphamvu yapakati yomwe imachokera ku liwiro lalikulu la nyenyezi.

Lingaliro lotsatira, ngakhale siliri lomaliza pamndandanda, likuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa otchedwa kulumikizana ndi machitidwe a binaryndiko kuti, nyenyezi ziwiri zozungulira moyandikana kwambiri.

FRB 121102 ndi zizindikiro zomwe zapezedwa posachedwapa FRB 180814.J0422 + 73, zomwe zinalandiridwa kangapo kuchokera ku gwero lomwelo, zikuwoneka kuti sizikuletsa zochitika zapadziko lonse monga supernovae kapena kugunda kwa nyenyezi za nyutroni. Kumbali inayi, pakhale choyambitsa chimodzi chokha cha FRB? Mwina zizindikiro zoterezi zimatumizidwa chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika mumlengalenga?

Inde, pali malingaliro ambiri akuti chitukuko chapamwamba chakunja ndicho gwero la zizindikirozo. Mwachitsanzo, chiphunzitsocho chaperekedwa kuti FRB ikhale kuchucha kwa ma transmitters kukula kwa dzikokulimbikitsa ma interstellar probes mu milalang'amba yakutali. Zotumiza zoterozo zikanatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa matanga apakati pa thambo la m’mlengalenga. Mphamvu yokhudzidwayo ikanakhala yokwanira kutumiza pafupifupi matani miliyoni a malipiro mumlengalenga. Malingaliro otere amapangidwa, kuphatikiza Manasvi Lingam waku Harvard University.

Komabe, otchedwa mfundo ya lumo la OccamMalinga ndi zomwe, pofotokoza zochitika zosiyanasiyana, munthu ayenera kuyesetsa kukhala wosavuta. Tikudziwa bwino kuti kutulutsa wailesi kumatsagana ndi zinthu zambiri komanso njira zakuthambo. Sitiyenera kuyang'ana mafotokozedwe achilendo a ma FRB, chifukwa choti sitinathe kulumikiza kufalikiraku ndi zochitika zomwe zimawonekera kwa ife.