Njira ziwiri ndi theka masanjidwe

Maseti a zokuzira mawu (zokulirakulira) akhala akukhazikika pamfundo yophatikizira zokuzira mawu odziwika bwino pakukonza magawo osiyanasiyana a sipekitiramu yamawu. Chifukwa chake tanthauzo lofunikira la lingaliro lomwelo la "chokweza mawu", i.e. magulu a zokuzira mawu (osiyana) (otembenuza) omwe amathandizirana wina ndi mzake ndikuphimba bandwidth yowonjezereka, ndi kusokoneza kochepa.

Kusiya olankhula otsika bajeti kapena achilendo olankhula njira imodzi pambali, wosavuta kulankhula ndi lamulo la mayiko awiri. Imadziwika ndi mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono a rack-mount komanso zokuzira mawu omasuka, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi dalaivala wapakati wa 12 mpaka 20 cm wokhala ndi bandwidth yofikira pafupifupi 2-5 kHz, ndi tweeter yomwe imagwira ntchito zambiri kuposa pamenepo. kutsimikiziridwa ndi mphambano ya mawonekedwe (omwe amatchedwa mafupipafupi a crossover). Tanthauzo lake limaganizira za "chilengedwe" ndi mphamvu za okamba payekha, koma pamapeto pake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatira za zomwe zimatchedwa crossover yamagetsi, i.e. seti ya zosefera - kutsika kwapakati kwa midwoofer ndi kupita kwapamwamba kwa tweeter.

Dongosolo loterolo, mumtundu woyambira, wokhala ndi pakati pawoofer ndi tweeter imodzi, pogwiritsa ntchito mayankho amakono, amakulolani kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu zambiri komanso kukulitsa kwabwino kwa bass. Komabe, mapeto ake amatsimikiziridwa ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa oyankhula otsika kwambiri. Kukula kwa wokamba izi sayenera kupitirira malire a kuwongolera kolondola kwa ma frequency apakati (chokulirapo cholankhulira, chimayendetsa bwino ma bass, komanso momwe chimagwirira ntchito ma frequency apakati).

Kuyang'ana masanjidwe ena

The tingachipeze powerenga njira malire dongosolo lapatatuzomwe zimakulolani kuti muwonjezere kukula kwake kwa woofer, chifukwa midrange imasamutsidwa kwa katswiri wina - wokamba midrange.

Komabe, pali yankho lina lomwe lingathe kukulitsa kwambiri malire a luso la mgwirizano wa mayiko awiriwa, makamaka kuonjezera mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Uku ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito ma midwoofers awiri (omwe, ndithudi, amafunikira voliyumu yofanana, kotero iwo amapezeka mu oyankhula omasuka). Mapangidwe atatu apakati pawoofer sagwiritsidwanso ntchito, chifukwa cha kusintha koyipa kwambiri komwe kungachitike pakati pa madalaivala akutali kwambiri, kunja kwa axis yayikulu ya msonkhano. Dongosolo lomwe lili ndi ma midwoofers awiri (ndi tweeter imodzi), ngakhale lili ndi madalaivala atatu, limatchedwabe njira ziwiri chifukwa gululi limagawidwa magawo awiri ndi zosefera; ndi njira yosefera, osati kuchuluka kwa olankhula, komwe kumatsimikizira "kumveka".

Kumvetsetsa njira ziwiri ndi theka

Mawu omaliza ndi ofunikira kuti timvetsetse momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe angawafotokozere. kawiri tsamba dongosolo. Malo abwino kwambiri oyambira ndi njira yomwe yafotokozedwa kale yokhala ndi ma mid-woofers awiri. Tsopano ndikwanira kuyambitsa kusinthidwa kumodzi kokha - kusiyanitsa kusefa kwapansi kwa midwoofers, i.e. sefa imodzi m'munsi, mumtundu wa hertz mazana angapo (ofanana ndi woofer mu njira ya njira zitatu), ndi ena apamwamba (ofanana ndi otsika apakati mu dongosolo la njira ziwiri).

Popeza tili ndi zosefera zosiyanasiyana ndi magawo awo ogwiritsira ntchito, bwanji osatcha dongosolo lamagulu atatu?

Osati ngakhale chifukwa okamba okha amatha kukhala (ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala, koma kutali ndi nthawi zonse) ofanana. Choyamba, chifukwa amagwira ntchito limodzi mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, zomwe sizili zamtundu wa njira zitatu. Mu machitidwe awiri ndi theka, bandwidth imagawidwa osati m'magulu atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito "okha" ndi otembenuza atatu, koma "magulu awiri ndi theka." "Njira" yodziyimira payokha ndiyo njira ya tweeter, pomwe ena onse apakati-woofer amayendetsedwa pang'ono (bass) ndi onse olankhula ndipo gawo (pakati) ndi wokamba m'modzi.

Mwa anthu asanu olankhula omasuka omwe adayesedwa m'magazini ya "Audio" mu gulu lomwe likuyimira mtengo wa PLN 2500-3000, adapeza.

pali njira imodzi yokha yomanga itatu (yachiwiri kuchokera kumanja). Ena onse ndi awiri ndi theka (woyamba ndi wachiwiri kuchokera kumanzere) ndi njira ziwiri, ngakhale kasinthidwe ka oyankhula kunja sikusiyana ndi awiri ndi theka. Kusiyana komwe kumatsimikizira "patency" kumakhala pamtanda ndi njira yosefera.

Dongosolo loterolo limakhala ndi "zochita bwino" za njira ziwiri, ziwiri-midwoofer, ndi phindu lowonjezera (osachepera m'malingaliro a okonza ambiri) pochepetsa kukonza kwa midrange kwa dalaivala mmodzi. amapewa vuto lomwe tatchulalo la kusintha kwa magawo. Ndizowona kuti ndi ma mids awiri oyandikana, sakuyenera kukhala aakulu, chifukwa chake anthu ena amakhazikika pa njira yophweka ya njira ziwiri, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito pakati.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti njira ziwiri ndi theka ndi ziwiri, pa ma midwoofers awiri okhala ndi mainchesi (okwanira), mwachitsanzo, 18 cm (yankho lofala kwambiri), ali ndi nembanemba yomweyi m'derali. otsika mafupipafupi osiyanasiyana ngati wokamba mmodzi ndi awiri a 25 cm (njira zitatu dongosolo kutengera wokamba wotere). Zoonadi, pamwamba pa diaphragm sikokwanira, madalaivala akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala ndi matalikidwe ochulukirapo kuposa ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu zawo zochepetsetsa (komwe ndendende ndi mpweya umene wokamba akhoza "kupopera" mumayendedwe amodzi, amawerengera. ). Pamapeto pake, oyankhula awiri amakono a 18-inch amatha kuchita zambiri kwinaku akuloleza kamangidwe ka kabati kakang'ono kotero kuti yankho lotere likuphwanya mbiri yodziwika ndikuchotsa mapangidwe anjira zitatu kuchokera pagawo lapakati.

Momwe mungadziwire masanjidwe

Sizingatheke kusiyanitsa pakati pa njira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito madalaivala amtundu womwewo monga woofers ndi midrange drivers, ndi njira ziwiri zokhala ndi ma midrange-woofers. Nthawi zina, komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti tikuchita ndi machitidwe awiri - pamene kusiyana pakati pa oyankhula awiriwa kumawoneka kuchokera kunja, ngakhale ali ndi mainchesi ofanana. Cholankhulira chogwira ntchito ngati ubweya wa ubweya chikhoza kukhala ndi kapu yafumbi yokulirapo (kulimbitsa pakati pa diaphragm). Chowuzira mawu chimagwira ntchito ngati midwoofer ndi - diaphragm yopepuka, ndi zina zambiri. chowongolera chagawo chomwe chimathandizira kukonza ma frequency apakati (ndi kusiyanitsa kotereku kwa mapangidwe, kungakhale kulakwitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kusefa wamba ndi njira ziwiri). Zimachitikanso, ngakhale kawirikawiri, kuti woofer ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa midwoofer (mwachitsanzo, woofer ndi 18 cm, midwoofer ndi 15 cm). Pankhaniyi, dongosololi limayamba kuwoneka ngati mapangidwe atatu kuchokera kunja, ndipo kokha kusanthula kachitidwe ka crossovers (zosefera) kumatithandiza kudziwa zomwe tikuchita.

Pomaliza, pali machitidwe omwe "patency" yawo zovuta kufotokoza momveka bwinongakhale kudziwa mbali zonse za kapangidwe. Chitsanzo ndi choyankhulira, chomwe poyambilira chimatengedwa ngati choyankhulira chawoofer-midrange chifukwa chosowa chosefera chokwera kwambiri, koma sichimangokhala chocheperako, komanso chimayendetsa ma frequency otsika moyipa kwambiri kuposa woofer wotsagana nawo, chifukwa cha " predispositions" , komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito m'nyumba - mwachitsanzo, mu chipinda chaching'ono chotsekedwa.

Ndipo kodi n'zotheka kulingalira ndondomeko ya njira zitatu zomwe midwoofer samasefedwa ndi maulendo apamwamba, koma zizindikiro zake zimadutsana, ngakhale pamtunda wochepa wa crossover, ndi makhalidwe a woofer? Kodi si njira zina ziwiri ndi theka? Izi ndi mfundo zamaphunziro. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti timadziwa kuti topology ya dongosolo ndi makhalidwe ake ndi chiyani, komanso kuti dongosololi limakonzedwa bwino.