Ma P20xx OBD-II Mavuto
Mauthenga Olakwika a OBD2

Ma P20xx OBD-II Mavuto

Ma P20xx OBD-II Mavuto

Ma P20xx OBD-II Mavuto

Ili ndi mndandanda wa P20xx OBD-II Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs). Zonse zimayamba ndi P20 (mwachitsanzo P2000, P2004, ndi zina zambiri). Zilembo ziwiri zoyambirira za P2 zimatanthauza kuti ndi manambala okhudzana ndi kufalitsa. Manambala omwe ali pansipa amawerengedwa kuti ndi achirengedwe monga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazopanga / mitundu yonse yamagalimoto a OBD-II, ngakhale njira zodziwira ndikukonzanso zimatha kusiyanasiyana.

Tili ndi ma code ena masauzande angapo omwe adatchulidwa patsamba lino, gwiritsani ntchito maulalo omwe ali pansipa kuti mupite kuma mindandanda ena. Ngati simukupeza zomwe mukuyang'ana, gwiritsani ntchito makina athu osakira kapena funsani mafunso pamacheza.

Maulalo achangu kuzinthu zina zovuta (kuyambira ndi): P00xx: P01xx: P02xx: P03xx: P04xx: P05xx: P06xx: P07xx: P08xx: P09xx: P0Axx: P0Bxx: P0Cxx: P1 ***: P20xx: P21xx: P22xx: P23xx: P24xx: P25xx: P26xx: P27xx: P28 / P29 / P2A / P2B: P34xx

Kwa ma code ena onse omwe sanatchulidwe pamalumikizidwe pamwambapa kapena pansipa, onani mndandanda wathu wamazovuta akulu.

P2000-P2099 Zolemba zolakwika

  • P2000 NOx yotsatsa bwino pamunsi pamalire, banki 1
  • P2001 NOx yotsatsa bwino pamunsi pamalire, banki 2
  • P2002 Dizilo Particulate Sefa Mwachangu Pansi pa Threshold Bank 1
  • P2003 Dizilo Particulate Sefa Mwachangu Pansi pa Threshold Bank 2
  • P2004 Yambiri yolowetsa othamanga yokhayokha yotseguka ku banki 1
  • P2005 Yambiri yolowetsa othamanga yokhayokha yotseguka ku banki 2
  • P2006 Yambiri yothamanga yoyendetsa yokhayokha yotsekedwa, bank 1
  • P2007 Yambiri yothamanga yoyendetsa yokhayokha yotsekedwa, bank 2
  • P2008 Kulowetsa Kuyenda Kwambiri Kwadongosolo / Open Bank 1
  • P2009 Kulowetsa Kwambiri Slider Control Circuit Bank 1 Low
  • P200A Yambiri Yothamanga Runner Performance Bank 1
  • P200B Yambiri Yambiri Runner Performance Bank 2
  • Dizilo Particulate Sefani P200C Kutentha Bank 1
  • P200D Dizilo Particulate Sefani Kutenthedwa Bank 2
  • P200E chothandizira dongosolo kutenthedwa, banki 1
  • P200F chothandizira System Kutentha Bank 2
  • P2010 Kulowetsa Kwambiri Slider Control Circuit High Bank 1
  • P2011 Kulowetsa Kuyenda Kwambiri Kwadongosolo / Open Bank 2
  • P2012 Kulowetsa Kwambiri Slider Control Circuit Bank 2 Low
  • P2013 Kulowetsa Kwambiri Slider Control Circuit High Bank 2
  • P2014 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Udindo SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Bank 1
  • P2015 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Position SENSOR / Sinthani Ma Circuit Range / Performance Bank 1
  • P2016 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Udindo Malo SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Low, Bank 1
  • P2017 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Udindo SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Bank 1
  • P2018 Kuchulukitsa Kwambiri Impeller Position SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Losinthira Bank 1
  • P2019 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Udindo SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Bank 2
  • P201A Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Out of Range / Performance Bank 2 Bank 1
  • P201B, P201C, P201D, P201E, P201F ISO / SAE Otetezedwa
  • P2020 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Position SENSOR / Sinthani Ma Circuit Range / Performance Bank 2
  • P2021 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Udindo Malo SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Low, Bank 2
  • P2022 Kuchulukitsa Kambiri Impeller Udindo SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Bank 2
  • P2023 Kuchulukitsa Kwambiri Impeller Position SENSOR / Sinthani Dera Losinthira Bank 2
  • P2024 evaporative emission (EVAP) system yamafuta otenthetsera kutentha kwa dera
  • P2025 Evaporative Fuel Temperature (EVAP) Sensor Performance
  • P2026 evaporative emission (EVAP) system mafuta nthunzi yotentha sensor dera low voltage
  • P2027 Dongosolo lotulutsa mpweya (EVAP), mafuta otenthetsera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi
  • P2028 Evaporative Fuel Temperature (EVAP) Sensor Circuit Kukanika
  • P2029 chotenthetsera wamafuta
  • P202A Reductant tank heater control dera / lotseguka
  • P202B Low mlingo wa kuchepetsa wothandizila thanki chotenthetsera ulamuliro dera
  • P202C Reductant tank heater control circuit - dera lokwera
  • Kutuluka kwa P202D kwakuchepetsa
  • P202E Dera lochepetsa jekeseni Wochepetsera Kuchokera ku Banki / Performance Bank 1 Bank 1
  • P202F Kuchepetsa / Kusintha Kwadongosolo Dera Losintha / Magwiridwe
  • P2030 Mafuta chotenthetsera Magwiridwe
  • P2031 Kutulutsa Mpweya Kutentha kwa Sensor Circuit Bank 1 SENSOR 2
  • P2032 Kutsika kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotentha, banki 1, sensa 2
  • P2033 Kutulutsa Mpweya Kutentha kwa Sensor Circuit Bank 1 Sensor 2 High
  • P2034 Kutulutsa Mpweya Kutentha kwa Sensor Circuit Bank 2 SENSOR 2
  • P2035 Kutsika kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wotentha, banki 2, sensa 2
  • P2036 Kutulutsa Mpweya Kutentha kwa Sensor Circuit Bank 2 Sensor 2 High
  • P2037 Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor "A"
  • P2038 Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor "A" Maulendo Ozungulira / Magwiridwe
  • P2039 Reductant injection system air sensor sensor "A", chizindikiro chotsika
  • P203A Reductant Level Sensor Dera
  • P203B Reductant Level Sensor Circuit Range / Performance
  • P203C Kuchepetsa kochepetsera dera lamagetsi
  • P203D Reductant Level Sensor Circuit High Signal
  • P203E Reductant Level Sensor Dera Losakhazikika / Losakhazikika
  • P203F Kuchepetsa pang'ono kutsika
  • P2040 Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor "A" Dera Lapamwamba
  • P2041 Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor Circuit Kukanika "A"
  • P2042 Reductant Temperature Sensor Circuit
  • P2043 Reductant Temperature Sensor Circuit Out of Range / Performance
  • P2044 Low Reductant Tempor Sensor Circuit
  • P2045 Reductant Kutentha SENSOR Dera Lapamwamba
  • P2046 Circuit Temperature Yochepetsa Kutentha Kwambiri
  • P2047 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit / Open, Bank 1, Bank 1
  • P2048 Reductant jekeseni valavu Dera Low, Bank 1, Bank 1
  • P2049 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Bank 1 Bank 1
  • P204A Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit
  • P204B Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit Range / Performance
  • P204C Kutsika kwa gawo lochepetsera mphamvu yamagetsi
  • P204D Reductant Pressure Sensor Circuit High
  • P204E Wosakhazikika / wosakhazikika wochepetsa kuthamanga kwa sensor
  • P204F Reductant System Mwachangu Bank 1
  • P2050 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit / Open, Bank 2, Bank 1
  • P2051 Reductant jekeseni valavu Dera Low, Bank 2, Bank 1
  • P2052 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Bank 2 Bank 1
  • P2053 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit / Open, Bank 1, Bank 2
  • P2054 Reductant jekeseni valavu Dera Low, Bank 1, Bank 2
  • P2055 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Bank 1 Bank 2
  • P2056 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit / Open, Bank 2, Bank 2
  • P2057 Reductant jekeseni valavu Dera Low, Bank 2, Bank 2
  • P2058 Reductant Injection Valve Circuit Bank 2 Bank 2
  • P2059 Reductant Injection Air Pump Control Circuit / Open
  • P205A Reductant Tank Kutentha SENSOR Dera
  • P205B Reductant Tank Kutentha SENSOR Dera Kutulutsa kosiyanasiyana / Magwiridwe
  • P205C Kutsika kochepetsera dera lamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi
  • P205D Reductant Tank Kutentha Sensor Circuit High Signal
  • P205E Kutentha kosakhazikika / kosakhazikika kotentha kozungulira
  • P205F Reductant System Mwachangu Bank 2
  • P2060 Kuchepetsa kochepetsa wothandizira jekeseni mpweya woyang'anira dera
  • P2061 Kuchuluka kochepetsera wothandizira jekeseni wamagetsi oyendetsera mpope
  • P2062 Reductant / Regeneration Control Circuit / Open
  • P2063 Kutsika kwa kayendetsedwe kazoyang'anira kachepetsa / kukonzanso
  • P2064 Reductant / Regeneration Control Circuit High Signal
  • P2065 Circuit Level Sensor "B" Dera
  • P2066 Fuel Level Sensor "B" Magwiridwe antchito
  • P2067 kachipangizo kakang'ono ka mafuta "B"
  • P2068 Fuel Level Sensor "B" Circuit High
  • P2069 Sensor Level Fuel "B" Dera Labwino
  • P206A Kuchepetsa wothandizila wachitetezo chamagetsi
  • P206B Reductant Quality Sensor Circuit Range / Performance
  • P206C Low mlingo wa kuchepetsa wothandizila sensa khalidwe dera
  • P206D Reductant Quality Sensor Circuit High
  • P206E Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Stuck Open Bank 2
  • P206F Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Yotsekedwa Yotseka Bank 2
  • P2070 Valavu yochulukitsa yolowetsa (IMT) yotseguka kubanki 1
  • P2071 Valavu yochulukitsa yolowetsa (IMT) yotsekedwa banki 1
  • P2072 Throttle actuator system - kutsekeka kwa ayezi
  • P2073 Kuthamanga kokwanira kwathunthu / kutuluka kwa mpweya wambiri - kulumikizana kwapang'onopang'ono
  • P2074 Kuthamanga kokwanira kwathunthu / kuyenda kwa mpweya wambiri - kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwapamtunda
  • P2075 Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Bank 1
  • P2076 Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Range / Performance Bank 1
  • P2077 Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Bank 1
  • P2078 Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Bank 1
  • P2079 Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Malfunction Bank 1
  • P207A Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Bank 2
  • P207B Intake Manifold Regulation (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / Circuit switch Range / Performance Bank 2
  • P207C Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Bank 2
  • P207D Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Bank 2
  • P207E Intake Manifold Tuning (IMT) Valve Position Sensor / switch Circuit Malfunction Bank 2
  • Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa P207F
  • P2080 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotenthetsera Mpweya Wotulutsa Pamagetsi / Performance Bank 1 SENSOR 1
  • P2081 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotentha Wotentha Dera Lapakatikati la Bank 1 SENSOR 1
  • P2082 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotenthetsera Mpweya Wotulutsa Pamagetsi / Performance Bank 2 SENSOR 1
  • P2083 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotentha Wotentha Dera Lapakatikati la Bank 2 SENSOR 1
  • P2084 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotenthetsera Mpweya Wotulutsa Pamagetsi / Performance Bank 1 SENSOR 2
  • P2085 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotentha Wotentha Dera Lapakatikati la Bank 1 SENSOR 2
  • P2086 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotenthetsera Mpweya Wotulutsa Pamagetsi / Performance Bank 2 SENSOR 2
  • P2087 Kutulutsa Mpweya Wotentha Wotentha Dera Lapakatikati la Bank 2 SENSOR 2
  • P2088 Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Bank 1 Low
  • P2089 Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 1
  • P208A Reductant pump control control dera / lotseguka
  • P208B Reductant Pump Control Range / Magwiridwe
  • P208C Low mlingo wa kuchepetsa wothandizila mpope ulamuliro dera
  • P208D Reductant Pump Control Circuit High
  • P208E Reductant jekeseni valavu Yotsekedwa Kutsekedwa, Bank 1, Bank 1
  • P208F Reductant jekeseni valavu Yotsekedwa Kutsekedwa, Bank 2, Bank 1
  • P2090 B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Bank 1 Low
  • P2091 B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 1
  • P2092 Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Bank 2 Low
  • P2093 Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 2
  • P2094 B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit Bank 2 Low
  • P2095 B Camshaft Position Actuator Control Circuit High Bank 2
  • P2096 Fuel Trim System After Catalyst Too Lean Bank 1
  • P2097 Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Yolemera Bank 1
  • P2098 Fuel Trim System After Catalyst Too Lean Bank 2
  • P2099 Post Catalyst Fuel Trim System Yolemera Bank 2
  • P209A Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor B Dera
  • P209B Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor "B" Maulendo Ozungulira / Magwiridwe
  • P209C Mtengo wochepa wochepetsera jakisoni wothandizira mpweya wambiri "B"
  • P209D Reductant injection system air pressure sensor "B", chizindikiro chachikulu
  • P209E Reductant Injection Air Pressure Sensor "A" / "B" Mgwirizano
  • P209F Reductant Tank Heater Control Circuit Performance
  • P20A0 Reductant Purge Control Valve Dera / Tsegulani
  • P20A1 Reductant Purge Control Valve Opaleshoni
  • P20A2 ​​Mtengo wochepa wochepetsera wothandizila wochotsa valavu
  • P20A3 Reductant Purge Control Valve Circuit High
  • P20A4 Reductant purge control valve yatseguka
  • P20A5 Reductant purge control valavu yotsekedwa
  • P20A6 Dera / dera lotseguka la jekeseni wothandizira mpweya wothandizira
  • P20A7 Kuchepetsa wothandizila jakisoni mpweya kuthamanga ntchito vavu
  • P20A8 Mtengo wochepa wochepetsera jekeseni wamagetsi wothandizira mpweya
  • P20A9 Kuchuluka kwa gawo lochepetsa jekeseni wothandizira mpweya wothandizira
  • P20AA Reductant Injection Air Pressure Regulating Valve Stuck Open
  • P20AB Reductant Injection Air Pressure Regulator Valve Yatsekedwa
  • P20AC Reductant Dosing Unit Kutentha SENSOR Dera
  • P20AD Reductant Dosing Unit Kutentha kwa Sensor Circuit Range / Performance
  • P20AE Chizindikiro chazizindikiro chazitali cha sensa yotentha ya gawo lochepetsa wothandizila
  • P20AF Mulingo wampikisano wapamwamba pakuzungulira kwa sensa yotentha ya gawo lochepetsa wothandizila
  • Malo osasunthika / osakhazikika a sensa yotentha ya ochepetsera dosing unit P20B0
  • P20B1 Dera / dera lotseguka la valavu yochepetsera yozizira yotsekemera
  • P20B2 Reductant Heater Coolant Control Valve Performance
  • P20B3 Mtengo wochepa wochepetsera chowongolera chowongolera chowongolera chowongolera
  • P20B4 Reductant heater coolant control valve circuit - wozungulira kwambiri
  • P20B5 Reductant dispenser chotenthetsera chowongolera dera / Open
  • P20B6 Kugwiritsa ntchito kotentha poyendetsa dera lochepetsa kuchepa kwa wothandizila
  • P20B7 Chizindikiro chotsika cha mayendedwe olamulira a chotenthetsera chochepetsa wothandizila
  • P20B8 Mkulu wa chizindikiro cha kayendetsedwe kazitsulo ka chotenthetsera chowongolera chomwe chimachepetsa
  • P20B9 Dera lochepetsera chowongolera chowongolera "A" / lotseguka
  • P20BA Reductant Heater "A" Control Circuit Makhalidwe
  • P20BB Reductant heater "A", otsika chizindikiro
  • P20BC Wowonjezera Wowonjezera "A", chizindikiro chachikulu pakuwongolera
  • P20BD Reductant Heater "B" Control Circuit / Open
  • P20BE Reductant chotenthetsera Control Dera Magwiridwe
  • P20BF Chowotcherera chochepetsera "B", gawo lotsika lazizindikiro pakuwongolera
  • P20C0 Reductant Heater "B" Yoyang'anira Dera Lapamwamba
  • P20C1 Reductant Heater "C" Control Circuit / Open
  • P20C2 Reductant Heater "C" Control Circuit Performance
  • P20C3 Reductant Heater "C" Control Circuit Low
  • P20C4 Chowonjezera chotenthetsera "C", siginecha yayikulu yoyang'anira
  • P20C5 Reductant Heater "D" Control Circuit / Open
  • P20C6 Wowonjezera Wowonjezera "D" Woyang'anira Dongosolo
  • P20C7 Reductant Heater "D" Control Circuit Low
  • P20C8 Chowonjezera chotenthetsera "D", siginecha yayikulu yoyang'anira
  • P20C9 Reductant Control Module Yapempha MIL Backlight
  • P20CA Reductant Injection Air Pressure Leak
  • P20CB Exhaust Gas Treatment System Fuel Injector Control Circuit / Open
  • P20CC Kutulutsa mpweya pambuyo pa chithandizo Makina oyatsira mafuta "A" Control mawonekedwe
  • P20CD Fuel injector "A" exhaust aftertreatment system - dera lotsika
  • P20CE Utsi Wotulutsidwa Pambuyo pa Chithandizo cha Mafuta Injector Control Circuit Kukanika
  • P20CF utsi wamafuta pambuyo pochiza jakisoni wamafuta "A" watseguka
  • P20D0 The injector mafuta wa utsi mpweya pambuyo dongosolo mankhwala "A" ndi munakhala mu chatsekedwa malo
  • P20D1 Kutulutsa mpweya pambuyo pa chithandizo cha mafuta oyendetsa jakisoni woyendetsa "B" / kutseguka
  • P20D2 Kutulutsa mpweya pambuyo pa chithandizo cha mafuta oyendetsa jakisoni "B"
  • P20D3 Mulingo wazizindikiro wochepa mumayendedwe oyendetsa mafuta "B" amachitidwe atatha kulandira chithandizo
  • P20D4 Kulephera kwa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka jakisoni wamafuta "B" wamachitidwe amtsogolo
  • P20D5 wamafuta jakisoni "B" wa utsi dongosolo mpweya aftertreatment ndi munakhala lotseguka
  • P20D6 The injector mafuta wa utsi dongosolo mpweya pambuyo mankhwala "B" ndi munakhala mu chatsekedwa malo
  • P20D7 Exhaust Gas Treatment System Fuel Control Circuit / Open
  • P20D8 Kutulutsa Mafuta Pambuyo Pakuchiza Mafuta Mwachangu
  • P20D9 Mafuta Otsika Ochepetsa Otsalira Ochotsa Mafuta
  • P20DA Utsi wamafuta Pambuyo Pakuchotsa Mafuta Kuwongolera Dera
  • P20DB Yoletsa kupezeka kwa mafuta mu utsi wamagetsi pambuyo pothandizidwa poyera
  • P20DC Gawo lamafuta amafuta oyendetsa mafuta pambuyo pake lakhala litatsekedwa
  • P20DD Utsi Mpweya Kuyeretsa Mafuta Anzanu SENSOR Dera
  • P20DE Exhaust Gas Treatment System Fuel Pressure Sensor Circuit Out of Range / Performance
  • P20DF Low sign level in the fuel pressure sensor sensor of the utsi pambuyo pa chithandizo
  • P20E0 Chizindikiro chachikulu pamagetsi oyendera mphamvu yamafuta amtsogolo pambuyo pochizira
  • P20E1 Kutulutsa kosakhazikika / kosakhazikika kotulutsa mpweya pambuyo pamagetsi
  • P20E2 Utsi Mpweya Kutentha SENSOR 1/2 Correlation Bank 1
  • P20E3 Utsi Mpweya Kutentha SENSOR 1/3 Correlation Bank 1
  • P20E4 Utsi Mpweya Kutentha SENSOR 2/3 Correlation Bank 1
  • P20E5 Utsi Mpweya Kutentha SENSOR 1/2 Correlation Bank 2
  • P20E6 Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuti jakisoni achepetse
  • P20E7 Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mpweya wa jakisoni wothandizira wothandizira
  • P20E8 Kuchepetsa kuthamanga wothandizila otsika kwambiri
  • P20E9 Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa wothandizila kwambiri
  • P20EA reductant control module power relay de-energized - molawirira kwambiri
  • P20EB reductant control module power relay de-energized - mochedwa kwambiri
  • NOx SCR Catalyst P20EC - Superheat Bank 1
  • P20ED SCR NOx Pre-Catalyst - Overheat Bank 1
  • P20EE SCR NOx chothandizira Mwachangu Pansi pa Threshold Bank 1
  • P20EF SCR NOx Pre-Catalyst Mwachangu Pansi pa Mzere, Bank 1
  • P20F0 SCR NOx chothandizira - kutenthedwa, banki 2
  • P20F1 SCR NOx precatalyst - banki yotentha kwambiri 2
  • P20F2 SCR NOx Chothandizira Mwachangu Pansi pa Threshold Bank 2
  • P20F3 SCR NOx Precatalyst Mwachangu Pansi pa Threshold Bank 2
  • Kutsika kochepa kochepetsa wothandizila P20F4
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri P20F5 wothandizira
  • P20F6 Reductant jekeseni valavu Anapitirizabe Open, Bank 1, Bank 1
  • P20F7 Reductant jekeseni valavu Anapitirizabe Open, Bank 2, Bank 1
  • P20F8 - P20FF ISO / SAE Yosungidwa

Kenako: Zizindikiro Zovuta P2100-P2199

Maulalo achangu kuzinthu zina zovuta (kuyambira ndi): P00xx: P01xx: P02xx: P03xx: P04xx: P05xx: P06xx: P07xx: P08xx: P09xx: P0Axx: P0Bxx: P0Cxx: P1 ***: P20xx: P21xx: P22xx: P23xx: P24xx: P25xx: P26xx: P27xx: P28 / P29 / P2A / P2B: P34xx

ZINDIKIRANI. Izi zimaperekedwa kuti zidziwitse zokha. Sikuti tizigwiritsa ntchito ngati malingaliro okonzanso ndipo sitili ndi udindo pazomwe mungachite pagalimoto iliyonse. Zomwe zili patsamba lino ndizotetezedwa ndi zovomerezeka.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga