Gulu la ena amplifiers audio

Pansipa mupeza mafotokozedwe amtundu wa olankhula ndi maikolofoni ndi magawano awo molingana ndi mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito.

Kulekana kwa zokuzira mawu molingana ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito.

Magnetoelectric (yamphamvu) - conductor (magnetic coil), yomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda, imayikidwa mu maginito a maginito. Kugwirizana kwa maginito ndi conductor ndi panopa kumayambitsa kayendedwe ka conductor komwe nembanemba imamangiriridwa. Koyiloyo imalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi diaphragm, ndipo zonsezi zimayimitsidwa m'njira yowonetsetsa kuti axial akuyenda mumpata wa maginito popanda kukangana ndi maginito.

mu atomu - Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi kwa ma acoustic kumapangitsa kuti maginito asinthe. Imachititsa maginito pachimake cha ferromagnetic cholumikizidwa ndi diaphragm, ndipo kukopa ndi kunyansidwa kwa pachimake kumapangitsa kuti diaphragm igwedezeke.

Electrostatic - Nembanemba yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi zojambula zopyapyala - yokhala ndi chitsulo chosanjikiza mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri kapena kukhala electret - imakhudzidwa ndi ma elekitirodi awiri a perforated omwe ali mbali zonse za zojambulazo (pa electrode imodzi, gawo lazizindikiro limatembenuzidwa madigiri 180 ndi kulemekeza winayo), chifukwa chake Kanemayo amanjenjemera munthawi yake ndi chizindikiro.

magnetostrictive - mphamvu ya maginito imayambitsa kusintha kwa miyeso ya ferromagnetic (magnetostrictive phenomenon). Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwazinthu za ferromagnetic, cholumikizira chamtunduwu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ultrasound.

Piezoelectric - gawo lamagetsi limayambitsa kusintha kwa miyeso ya zinthu za piezoelectric; amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tweeters ndi akupanga zipangizo.

Ionic (yopanda ma membrane) - mtundu wa oyankhula opanda diaphragm momwe ntchito ya diaphragm imagwiridwa ndi arc yamagetsi yomwe imapanga plasma.

Mitundu ya maikolofoni

Asidi - singano yolumikizidwa ndi diaphragm imayenda mu asidi osungunuka. Kukhudzana (carbon) - kukula kwa maikolofoni ya asidi momwe asidi amalowetsedwa ndi ma carbon granules omwe amasintha kukana kwawo pansi pa zovuta zomwe zimachitika ndi nembanemba pa granules. Mayankho oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamatelefoni.

Piezoelectric - capacitor yomwe imasintha chizindikiro cha acoustic kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi.

Mphamvu (magnetoelectric) - Kugwedezeka kwa mpweya komwe kumapangidwa ndi mafunde amawu kumasuntha kachidutswa kakang'ono kosinthika komanso koyilo yolumikizana yomwe imayikidwa mu mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi maginito. Zotsatira zake, voteji ikuwonekera pazitsulo za coil - mphamvu ya electrodynamic, i.e. kugwedezeka kwa maginito a koyilo, komwe kumayikidwa pakati pa mizati, kumapangitsa mphamvu yamagetsi momwemo ndi ma frequency olingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa mafunde a phokoso.

Maikolofoni yamakono opanda zingwe

Capacitive (electrostatic) - Maikolofoni yamtunduwu imakhala ndi maelekitirodi awiri olumikizidwa ndi gwero lamagetsi osasintha. Chimodzi mwa izo sichikuyenda, ndipo chinacho ndi nembanemba chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi mafunde, chomwe chimachititsa kuti chigwedezeke.

Capacitive electret - chosiyana cha maikolofoni ya condenser, momwe diaphragm kapena nsalu yokhazikika imapangidwa ndi electret, i.e. dielectric yokhala ndi polarization yamagetsi nthawi zonse.

High frequency capacitive - imaphatikizapo oscillator othamanga kwambiri komanso ma symmetrical modulator ndi demodulator system. Kusintha kwa capacitance pakati pa ma electrode a maikolofoni kumasintha matalikidwe a ma siginecha a RF, pomwe, pambuyo pakutsitsa, chizindikiro chotsika (MW) chimapezeka, chogwirizana ndi kusintha kwamphamvu kwamayimbidwe pa diaphragm.

Laser - pamapangidwe awa, mtengo wa laser umawonekera kuchokera pamalo onjenjemera ndikugunda chinthu chojambula cha wolandila. Mtengo wa chizindikiro umadalira malo a mtengowo. Chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa laser, nembanemba imatha kuyikidwa patali kwambiri kuchokera pamtengo wotumizira ndi wolandila.

Optic fiber - kuwala kwa kuwala kumadutsa muzitsulo zoyamba za kuwala, pambuyo powunikira kuchokera pakati pa nembanemba, kumalowa kumayambiriro kwa fiber yachiwiri ya kuwala. Kusinthasintha kwa diaphragm kumayambitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kuwala, komwe kumasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi.

Maikolofoni a machitidwe opanda zingwe - kusiyana kwakukulu pamapangidwe a maikolofoni opanda zingwe ndi njira yosiyana yotumizira zizindikiro kusiyana ndi machitidwe a waya. M'malo mwa chingwe, transmitter imayikidwa pamlanduwo, kapena gawo losiyana lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi chida kapena kunyamulidwa ndi woimba, ndi wolandila omwe ali pafupi ndi cholumikizira chosakanikirana. Ma transmitters omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amagwira ntchito mu ma frequency module a FM mumagulu a UHF (470-950 MHz) kapena VHF (170-240 MHz). Wolandirayo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kunjira yofanana ndi maikolofoni.