Gulu lamafuta amagalimoto molingana ndi ILSAC
Gulu la ILSAC: Zomwe zimaperekedwa
M’theka lachiŵiri la zaka za m’ma XNUMX, United States ndi Japan zinayamba kugwirizana kwambiri m’mbali zonse za ntchito. Choncho, miyezo yambiri, ndondomeko ndi zolemba zina zoyendetsera mafakitale osiyanasiyana m'mayikowa zili ndi zofanana kapena zofanana. Chodabwitsa ichi sichinalambalale gawo la mafuta agalimoto agalimoto.
Mwambiri, pali zilembo 4 zodziwika bwino zamafuta amagalimoto padziko lapansi: SAE, API, ACEA ndi ILSAC. Ndipo womaliza, gulu la Japan la ILSAC, ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Tikuwona nthawi yomweyo kuti kugawika kwamafuta m'magulu molingana ndi dongosolo la Japan standardization kumangotengera injini zoyatsira zamkati zamagalimoto onyamula mafuta okha. Chivomerezo cha ILSAC sichikugwira ntchito pamainjini a dizilo.
Muyezo woyamba wa ILSAC GF-1 udawonekeranso mu 1992. Idapangidwa pamaziko a muyezo waku America API SH mogwirizana pakati pa mabungwe aku Japan ndi America opanga magalimoto. Zofunikira pamafuta amagalimoto zomwe zafotokozedwa m'chikalatachi, mwaukadaulo, API SH yobwerezedwa kwathunthu. Kupitilira apo, mu 1996, mulingo watsopano wa ILSAC GF-2 unatulutsidwa. Ilo, monga chikalata cham'mbuyomu, chinali kalasi ya American SJ API kalasi, yolembedwanso m'njira yaku Japan.
Masiku ano, magulu awiriwa amaonedwa kuti ndi achikale ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula mafuta ongopangidwa kumene. Komabe, ngati galimoto amafuna mafuta gulu GF-1 kapena GF-2 injini yake, iwo akhoza m'malo popanda mantha ndi mafuta atsopano muyezo uwu.
ILSAC GF-3
Mu 2001, Japanese magalimoto opanga mafuta injini anakakamizika kusintha kwa muyezo watsopano: ILSAC GF-3. M'mawu aukadaulo, amakopera kuchokera ku gulu la American API SL. Komabe, pamsika wapakhomo waku Japan, kalasi yatsopano yamafuta a GF-3 inali ndi zofunikira zochulukirapo. Pazilumba zochulukirachulukira, izi zikuwoneka ngati zomveka.
Komanso, mafuta a injini ya ILSAC GF-3 amayenera kupereka ndalama zambiri zamafuta komanso chitetezo chowonjezereka cha injini pakuwonongeka kolemetsa kwambiri. Kale pa nthawi imeneyo, mu gulu la automakers Japanese, anali ndi chizolowezi kuchepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta galimoto. Ndipo izi zimafunikira kuchokera kumafuta otsika-makamaka kuchulukana kwachitetezo kumawonjezera kutentha kwa ntchito.
Pakadali pano, mulingo uwu sugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta agalimoto, ndipo zitini zokhala ndi mafuta atsopano sizinalembedwe nawo pamsika waku Japan kwazaka zingapo. Komabe, kunja kwa dziko lino, mutha kupezabe zitini zamafuta a gulu la ILSAC GF-3.
ILSAC GF-4
Mulingo uwu udaperekedwa mwalamulo ngati chiwongolero cha opanga mafuta agalimoto mu 2004. Kenako, adakopera kuchokera muyeso wa American Petroleum Institute API SM. Mumsika wapakhomo wa ku Japan, pang'onopang'ono amasiya mashelefu, akupereka njira kwa kalasi yatsopano.
Muyezo wa ILSAC GF-4, kuwonjezera pa kukweza zofunikira kuti pakhale ubale wabwino ndi chilengedwe pakutulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwamafuta, imayang'aniranso malire a viscosity. Mafuta onse a GF-4 ndi otsika mamasukidwe akayendedwe. The mamasukidwe akayendedwe a ILSAC GF-4 mafuta ranges kuchokera 0W-20 kuti 10W-30. Ndiko kuti, palibe choyambirira ILSAC GF-4 mafuta pa msika ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mwachitsanzo, 15W-40.
Gulu la ILSAC GF-4 ndilofala kwambiri m'mayiko aku Japan omwe amatumiza magalimoto kunja. Opanga mafuta ambiri omwe amapanga mafuta a injini a injini zoyaka mkati zamagalimoto aku Japan amatulutsa zinthu zofananira za GF-4 mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yama viscosities.
ILSAC GF-5
Mpaka pano, muyezo wa ILSAC GF-5 ndiwopita patsogolo komanso wofalikira. Kubwereza kalasi yamakono yovomerezedwa ndi American Petroleum Institute for API SM petulo ICEs. Inatulutsidwa GF-5 ngati chitsogozo kwa opanga mafuta agalimoto mu 2010.
Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa zofunikira pakupulumutsa mphamvu komanso magwiridwe antchito a chilengedwe, mafuta a ILSAC GF-5 amayenera kuteteza injini modalirika momwe angathere poyendetsa bioethanol. Mafutawa amadziwika kuti ndi "tacky" poyerekeza ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi petroleum ndipo amafuna chitetezo chowonjezereka cha injini. Komabe, miyezo ya chilengedwe ndi chikhumbo cha Japan chochepetsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya waika opanga magalimoto mubokosi lothina. ILSAC GF-5 imaperekanso kupanga mafuta odzola okhala ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe akale kwambiri pa nthawi yovomerezeka ya chikalata: 0W-16.
Pakadali pano, akatswiri oyendetsa misewu aku Japan ndi America komanso mainjiniya amafuta akupanga mulingo wa ILSAC GF-6. Kuneneratu koyamba kwa kutulutsidwa kwa magulu osinthidwa amafuta agalimoto molingana ndi ILSAC kudakonzedwa mu Januware 2018. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa 2019, muyezo watsopano sunawonekere.
Komabe, pazinthu za Chingelezi, opanga odziwika bwino amafuta amafuta ndi zowonjezera adalengeza kale za kutuluka kwa m'badwo watsopano wamafuta amtundu wa ILSAC GF-6. Panalinso zambiri zoti gulu latsopano la ILSAC lidzagawa muyeso wa GF-6 m'magulu awiri: GF-6 ndi GF-6B. Chomwe chidzakhala kusiyana kotani pakati pa subclasses sikudziwikabe motsimikizika.
