China weather engineering

Adasunga nthawi yoyendera dzuwa pamasewera a Olimpiki a Beijing. Tsopano aku China akufuna kuchita mosiyana - kugwetsa mvula pamalo owuma kwambiri. Komabe, kusintha kwanyengo uku kwayamba kudzutsa nkhawa ...

Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Marichi chaka chino ku South China Daily Post, ntchito yokonzedwa ndi boma la China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation ikuwonetsa kuti m'dera la 1,6 miliyoni km.²,ndi. pafupifupi 10% ya dera la China likhoza kuonjezera mvula. Ntchito yaposachedwa kwambiri yokonza zanyengo ichitika ku China chakumadzulo kwa Tibetan Plateau ndi dera lomwe lili pakati pa Xinjiang ndi Central Mongolia, lomwe limadziwika ndi nyengo yowuma komanso kusowa kwa madzi.

Dongosolo lomwe adakonza likuyenera kukhala lamphamvu, koma akuluakulu aku China ati sizidzafunika ndalama zambiri. Zidzakhazikitsidwa pa ma cellular network do kuyaka mkulu kachulukidwe olimba mafutaili pa phiri louma. Chotsatira cha kuyaka chidzakhala kutulutsidwa kwa ayodini wa siliva mumlengalenga. Chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, mitambo yamvula iyenera kupanga. Mvulayi ikuyembekezeredwa kuti isangothirira derali, komanso kutsika mitsinje kuchokera ku Tibetan Plateau kupita kummawa kwa China komwe kuli anthu ambiri.

Chipinda chamvula cha China

Achi China adamanga kale mazana asanu zipinda zoyesera. Iwo ali pa mapiri otsetsereka a mapiri a Tibetan. Mphepo za monsoon zikagunda mapiri, chojambula chimapangidwa chomwe chimanyamula mamolekyu a iodide a siliva m'mwamba. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti mitambo iundane, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mvula kapena chipale chofewa kugwe. Malinga ndi asayansi omwe akuchita nawo ntchitoyi, dongosololi likhoza kuonjezera mvula m’derali mpaka kufika 10 biliyoni³ pachaka - yomwe ili pafupifupi 7% ya madzi onse omwe amamwa ku China.

Zoyatsira mafuta olimba zidapangidwa ndi akatswiri oyendetsa ma rocket ngati gawo la pulogalamu ya asitikali aku China yogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwanyengo pazifukwa zodzitetezera. Amawotcha mafuta mwaukhondo komanso moyenera ngati injini za rocket - ali ndi mphamvu zamagawo apandege. Malinga ndi magwero a ku China, amangotulutsa nthunzi ndi carbon dioxide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale m'madera otetezedwa. Akatswiri a zomangamanga anayenera kuganizira za malo okwera kwambiri komanso mpweya wosowa. Kupitilira 5 m mumlengalenga mulibe mpweya wofunikira pakuyaka.

Makamera amatha kuwongoleredwa kuchokera ku foni yam'manja yamtunda wamakilomita masauzande ambiri, kudzera pa satellite yolosera zam'tsogolo, chifukwa ntchito yoyikayi idzayang'aniridwa ndikuyang'aniridwa mosalekeza pogwiritsa ntchito deta yolondola kwambiri yomwe ikubwera mu dongosolo mu nthawi yeniyeni kuchokera pa intaneti ya makumi atatu. ma satellites ang'onoang'ono a zakuthambo omwe amawunika zochitika za monsoonal m'chigawo cha Indian Ocean. Ndege, ma drones ndi ma roketi mu projekitiyi azithandizira maukonde apansi, zomwe zithandizira kusintha kwanyengo kudzera mu kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Kuchokera ku China, kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde okwera zipinda zoyaka moto m'malo mwa ndege kumapangitsa ndalama zambiri - kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa chipinda chimodzi choyaka zimawononga pafupifupi PLN 50. yuan (US$ 8), ndipo ndalama zidzachepera malinga ndi kukula kwa polojekitiyi. M'pofunikanso kuti njira imeneyi sikutanthauza kuletsa ndege pa madera akuluakulu, zomwe ndi zofunika pamene bzala mitambo ndege zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mpaka pano, mvula ku China idayamba chifukwa cha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa zinthu monga silver iodide kapena madzi oundana owuma mumlengalenga. Izi zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa zotsatira za chilala. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, matani oposa 50 biliyoni amvula pachaka adalengedwa mwachinyengo mu Ufumu wakumwamba, ndipo ndalamazi zinakonzedwa kuti ziwonjezeke kasanu. Njira yomwe ankakonda inali kupopera mankhwala kuchokera ku roketi kapena ndege.

Zokayika

Pali mafunso ambiri okhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito amtunduwu.

Choyamba, kutulutsidwa kwa ayodini wa siliva pamalo otsika otere kungakhudze anthu. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowetsa m'mapapo, ndizovuta, monga fumbi lililonse la mumlengalenga, ngakhale, mwamwayi, iodide ya siliva ndi gulu lopanda poizoni. Komabe, kugwa ndi mvula kudziko lapansi, kumatha kusokoneza zachilengedwe zam'madzi.

Kachiwiri, Tibetan Plateau ndiyofunika kupereka madzi osati ku China kokha, komanso kumadera ambiri a Asia. Madzi oundana amapiri ndi malo osungiramo madzi a Tibet amadyetsa Mtsinje wa Yellow (Huang He), Yangtze, Mekong ndi madzi ena akuluakulu omwe amadutsa ku China, India, Nepal kupita kumayiko ena. Miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni makumi ambiri imadalira madzi amenewa. Sizikudziwikiratu ngati zomwe dziko la China likuchita lisokoneza kayendedwe ka madzi m'zigwa ndi madera onse okhala ndi anthu ambiri.

Weiqiang Ma, wofufuza ku Tibetan Plateau Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, adauza atolankhani aku China kuti amakayikira zonena za kugwa kwamvula.

-- Iye anati. -

Sindikudziwa ngati izi zikugwira ntchito

Njira yobzala mtambo idayamba m'zaka za m'ma 40 pamene asayansi awiri a General Electric adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito iodide yasiliva kuti atseke mitambo yamvula kuzungulira Mount Washington, New Hampshire, North America. Mu 1948 adalandira chilolezo cha njira iyi. Asilikali aku US adawononga pafupifupi $1967 miliyoni pachaka panthawi yankhondo yaku Vietnam mu 1972-3 pakusintha nyengo kuti agwiritse ntchito nyengo yamvula kupanga matope, zovuta kwa adani. Chimodzi mwama kampeniwo chinali kuyesa kusefukira kwa Ho Chi Minh Trail, msewu waukulu womwe asitikali achikomyunizimu aku Vietnam adadutsamo. Komabe, zotsatira zake zinayesedwa ngati zochepa.

Asayansi ati vuto limodzi lalikulu la mtambo wobzala mbewu ndizovuta kudziwa ngati zikugwira ntchito. Ngakhale ndi njira zamakono zamakono, n'zovuta kusiyanitsa nyengo zomwe zinkayembekezeredwa ndi zomwe zinakonzedwa.

Mu 2010, bungwe la American Meteorological Society linatulutsa mawu okhudza machitidwe obzala mtambo. Inanena kuti ngakhale kuti sayansi ya zotsatira zanyengo yapita patsogolo kwambiri m’zaka makumi asanu zapitazi, luso lokonzekera zochitika zanyengo linali lochepa kwambiri.