Ndi mapu ati oti musankhe pakukwera njinga zamapiri?

Izi, zachidziwikire, zidakuchitikiranipo kale ... Kukwera njinga yamapiri, kulakalaka kwadzidzidzi, kumasulidwa panjira, ndipo ... kutayika mu zobiriwira 🌳. Palibenso msewu. Palibe maukonde. Nthawi zambiri awiriwa amapita limodzi, apo ayi sizosangalatsa. Ndiyeno pakubwera wotchuka: "Mwachiwonekere, sindinatenge khadi."

M'nkhaniyi, mupeza malangizo athu onse oti mumvetsetse, kusankha ndikusintha ma karts anu kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe mumachita komanso momwe mumakwera.

Ukadaulo ndi mitundu ya makadi

Zaukadaulo:

• Khadi imagawidwa pa chonyamulira cha digito "ONLINE",
• Khadi imagawidwa pa chonyamulira cha digito "OFFLINE",
• Mapuwa amagawidwa pamapepala 🗺 kapena mu chikalata cha digito (pdf, bmp, jpg, etc.).

Mitundu yamakhadi a digito:

• Raster mapu,
• Mapu amtundu wa "vector".

Mapu a "paintaneti" amayenda mosalekeza ndipo amafuna intaneti kuti iwonetsedwe. Mapu a "opanda intaneti" amatsitsidwa ndikuyikatu muchikumbutso cha chipangizocho.

Mapu a raster ndi chithunzi, kujambula (Topo) kapena chithunzi (Ortho). Imatanthauzidwa ndi sikelo ya zofalitsa zamapepala ndi chigamulo (mu madontho pa inchi kapena dpi) pazama media. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri ku France ndi mapu a IGN Top 25 pa 1/25 papepala kapena 000m pa pixel pa digito.

Pansipa pali chithunzi cha mapu owoneka ngati IGN 1/25, magwero atatu osiyanasiyana pa sikelo yofanana, yomwe ili ku Ardenne Bouillon massif (Belgium), Sedan (France), Bouillon (Belgium).

Mapu a vector amatengedwa kuchokera kunkhokwe yazinthu za digito. Fayiloyo ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ndi gulu lazogwirizanitsa ndi mndandanda wa makhalidwe (makhalidwe). Pulogalamu (ya foni yam'manja) kapena pulogalamu (tsamba, PC, Mac, GPS) yomwe imajambula mapu pazenera, imatulutsa zomwe zili mufayiloyi zomwe zili m'malo owonetsedwa pamapu, kenako imajambula mfundo, mizere ndi ma polygons pa chophimba.

Pakukwera njinga zamapiri, malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Openstreetmap (OSM) amamapu ogwirizana.

Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za mapu vekitala. Zomwe zimayambira ndizofanana ndipo zonse zimatengedwa ku OSM. Kusiyana kwa maonekedwe kumakhudzana ndi mapulogalamu omwe amamasulira mapu. Kumanzere kuli mapu a njinga zamapiri opangidwa ndi wolemba, pakati pali mawonekedwe a 4UMAP (Standardized MTB) operekedwa ndi OpenTraveller, kumanja kuli mapu a njinga zamapiri kuchokera ku CalculIt Route.fr

Maonekedwe a mapu a raster amadalira mkonzi 👩‍🎨 (wojambula yemwe adajambula chithunzicho, ngati mukufuna), ndipo maonekedwe a mapu a vector amadalira pulogalamu yomwe imajambula chithunzicho, malingana ndi ntchito yomaliza.

Kudera lomwelo, mawonekedwe a mapu a vector opangidwa kuti azikwera njinga zamapiri amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Ndipo kutengera mapulogalamu omwe amawawonetsa, mamapu okwera njinga zamapiri komanso mapu okwera njinga adzakhalanso ndi zithunzi zosiyanasiyana. Tsambali limakupatsani mwayi wopeza malingaliro osiyanasiyana zotheka.

Maonekedwe a mapu a raster adzakhala ofanana nthawi zonse.

Kusiyana kwina kofunikira ndikuyimira mtunda, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala kodalirika komanso kolondola pamapu a IGN (raster), koma osalondola kwambiri pamapu a vector. Zosungirako zapadziko lonse za altimeters zikuyenda bwino. Choncho, kufooka kumeneku kudzatha pang'onopang'ono.

Pulogalamu yowerengera njira (njira) ya GPS * yanu, pulogalamu kapena mapulogalamu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito misewu, misewu, misewu, njira zomwe zalowetsedwa munkhokwe ya OSM kuwerengera njira.

Ubwino ndi kufunikira kwa njira yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa zimadalira kupezeka, kukwanira ndi kulondola kwa data yapanjinga yomwe ikuphatikizidwa munkhokwe ya OSM.

(*) Garmin amagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe imadziwika kuti njira zotentha (mapu otentha) kukonza njira pogwiritsa ntchito GPS yake, yomwe ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Onani Garmin Heatmap kapena Strava hatamart.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mapu a GPS?

Pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti?

Nthawi zambiri mapu aulere pa intaneti a raster kapena vekitala pa PC, Mac, kapena foni yam'manja. Koma ngati mukuyenda kuthengo, makamaka kumapiri, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi netiweki yamafoni pabwalo lonse lamasewera.

Mukakhala "obzalidwa" m'chilengedwe kutali ndi chilichonse, chopondapo pamtunda woyera kapena wa pixelated ndi mphindi yabwino yachinsinsi.

Kodi GPS khadi ndi ndalama zingati?

Dongosolo la kukula limachokera ku 0 mpaka 400 €; Komabe, mtengo suli wofanana ndi khalidwe. M’maiko ena, ngakhale kuti mtengo wa khadilo ndi wokwera, khalidwe lake lingakhale losauka. Kutengera komwe mukukhala komanso kutengera mtundu wa khadi, mudzafunika kugula makhadi angapo kapena ngakhale makhadi ochokera kumayiko angapo (mwachitsanzo paulendo wa Mont Blanc womwe umadutsa France, Switzerland ndi Italy).

Ndi malo otani omwe ayenera kuperekedwa pamapu a GPS?

Mapuwa amatha kuyimiridwa ngati matailosi kapena matailosi (mwachitsanzo, 10 x 10 km), kapena amatha kufalikira dziko lonse kapena kontinenti yonse. Ngati mukufuna makhadi angapo, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi kukumbukira kokwanira. Mapu akakula, kapenanso mamapu ochulukira, m'pamenenso purosesa ya GPS iyenera kuwononga nthawi yowongolera mamapuwo. Chifukwa chake, imatha kuchedwetsa kukonza kwina monga kusindikiza.

Kodi ndisinthe mapu anga a GPS pafupipafupi?

Mapuwa ndi osowa pang'ono akangopezeka, chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa kwa anthu, zinthu za telluric, kapena zomera zomwe zimawachotsera ufulu wake. Mwina mwaona kuti osakwatiwa ali ndi chizolowezi chokhumudwitsa chosintha mwachangu, ngakhale kuzimiririka!

Ndikangati ndikasinthire mapu oyambira?

Izi zitha kukhala zoletsa pantchito pomwe bajeti yokonzanso ili yayikulu. Malingana ngati mwayi wotayika kapena kupeza njira yanu uli ziro kapena wotsika kwambiri, palibe chifukwa chokonzanso khadi nthawi zonse; Malingaliro anu aphatikiza mipata pakati pa mapu ndi mawonekedwe. Ngati mwayi wotayika kapena kupeza njira yanu watsimikiziridwa, muyenera kukhala ndi khadi laposachedwa kwambiri. Kutayika kuti mudzipeze nokha, muyenera kugwirizanitsa mapu ndi malo ozungulira, mwinamwake kuyenda kosangalatsa kungasunthike mwamsanga ku galley.

Ndi mtundu wanji wa kufalitsa kwa dziko kapena zokopa?

Kutengera dzikolo, ngakhale mkati mwa European Union, kufalikira ndi mtundu wa mamapu ena ndizosauka kapenanso zotsika kwambiri. Mapu a raster a 1 / 25 (kapena ofanana) a dziko lililonse samadutsa malire a dzikolo. Mapuwa amayikidwa pa maziko osawoneka bwino chifukwa cha zokutira, nthawi zonse padzakhala malo oyera kwambiri kapena ochepa pazenera kumbali imodzi kapena malire. Onani chithunzi pansi kumanja.

Mwachitsanzo, kuti muone phiri la Mont Blanc, mapu ayenera kukhala m’mayiko atatu. Kutengera ngati njirayo idzakhala yapansi, njinga yamapiri kapena njinga, chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa njira yopita kumalire, kukula ndi kupezeka kwa mapu, malingana ndi dziko, madera a mapu a raster (mtundu wa IGN) adzawonetsedwa zoyera. zambiri kapena zochepa zofunika.

OpenStreetMap imakhudza dziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo mapu ovomerezeka a dziko lililonse. Malire salinso vuto! 🙏

Zolemba zonse zovomerezeka (zomangamanga, nyumba, ndi zina) zimawonekera munkhokwe ya OSM. Kupanda kutero, poganizira kuti ndi anthu odzipereka omwe amamaliza ndikuwonjezera nkhokwe yazithunzi iyi, tikamatsikira mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane, kufalikira kudzakhala kosiyanasiyana.

Chitsanzo cha konkire cha chivundikiro chajambula chodutsa malire (njira yotsatira imasiya chizindikiro cha mzere wamitundu yambiri womwe ukudutsa pakati pa mayiko awiri). Kumanja kuli mamapu aku Germany ndi Belgium, lembani IGN. Chikoka cha mapu a German IGN chimaphimba Belgium IGN kunja kwa makilomita angapo, kufufuza kumakhala pamwamba pazithunzi za malire, pafupifupi kosaoneka, pamene malo a mapu pamndandandawo asinthidwa, zotsatira zosiyana zimachitika. Kumanzere mapu a vector (kuchokera ku OSM) ndi olimba, palibe kusiyana.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito khadi lodalirika

• Yembekezerani kugundana kwakuthupi
• Yembekezerani kusintha kolowera
• Limbikitsidwani,
• Yendani ndikupeza kuti mwalakwitsa pakuyenda,
• Yang'ananinso njira pamalopo ngati pachitika zinthu zosayembekezereka monga kulephera kwa makina kapena anthu, nyengo yosayembekezereka, ndi zina zambiri. Chenjerani ndi kusankha njira zodziwikiratu, nthawi zina ndikwabwino kuyendetsa makilomita ambiri kuposa kuwoloka! 😓

Zosankha zosankha makadi

• 👓 khadi kuwerenga,
• Kulondola (kwatsopano) kwa data yazithunzi,
• Kukhulupirika ku chithandizo ⛰.

Wokwera, wokwera, wotsetsereka kapena wopita kumtunda angakonde mapu amtundu wa raster monga IGN topo (ISOM, etc.). Amayenda "mwaching'ono" pang'onopang'ono, amatha kuchoka panjira ndipo ayenera kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa zomwe akuwona pamapu ndi pansi. Mapu a raster, omwe ndi chithunzi chophiphiritsa cha malowa, ndi abwino pachifukwa ichi.

Woyendetsa njingayo 🚲 ndi wothamanga kwambiri m'machitidwe ake ndipo amayenera kukhalabe m'misewu ya phula kapena "panjira yoyipa kwambiri" ya miyala, ali ndi chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito mapu a vector ndi njira komanso mapu amisewu. kuyenda pamsewu wamagalimoto, kapena njinga yamoto, ndi zina.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machitidwe a MTB imachoka pamsewu ngati wokwera njinga kupita ku rader. Choncho, mitundu yonse ya makadi ndi yoyenera.

Pa njinga yamapiri, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukwera makamaka m'misewu ndi osakwatiwa, liwiro laulendo ndilokwera kwambiri. Mapu omwe amatsindika za kutheka kwa mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe adzakhala oyenera kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mapu a vector omwe adasinthidwa kuti azikwera njinga zamapiri kapena UMAP mtundu 4 raster plate ("rasterized" OSM data).

⚠️ Chofunikira pamapu abwino okwera njinga zamapiri ndi kuyimira njira ndi njira... Mapu akuyenera kusiyanitsa misewu, tinjira ndi tinjira potengera zithunzi ndipo, ngati n'kotheka, aunikire zoyenera kuchita panjinga. Ngati chochitikacho chikukonzekera m'maiko angapo kapena m'maiko opanda IGN yofanana, kusankha vekitala mapu ndikofunikira.

Chitsanzo cha mapu oyimira vekitala ogwiritsira ntchito MTB

Njira zowerengera mapu

Mlingo watsatanetsatane

Ndikosatheka kuyika chilichonse pakhadi limodzi, apo ayi sichikhala chosawerengeka. Pa chitukuko, kukula kwa mapu kumatsimikizira mulingo watsatanetsatane.

• Kwa mapu a raster omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse pamlingo wina (mwachitsanzo: 1 / 25), mulingo watsatanetsatane umakhazikika. Kuti muwone zambiri kapena zochepa, mufunika mapu amitundu yambiri, gawo lililonse pamlingo wosiyana (mwatsatanetsatane watsatanetsatane). Pulogalamu yowonetsera imasankha wosanjikiza wowonetsedwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa makulitsidwe (mulingo) wofunsidwa ndi chophimba.
• Kwa mapu a vector, zinthu zonse za digito zili mu fayilo, mapulogalamu omwe amajambula mapu pawindo amasankha zinthu zomwe zili mu fayilo molingana ndi mawonekedwe a mapu ndi kukula kwake kuti awonetsere pazenera.

Pankhani ya mapu a raster, wogwiritsa ntchito awona zinthu zonse pamapu. Pankhani ya mapu a vector, pulogalamuyo imasankha zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazenera.

Pansi pa malo omwewo, kumanzere kuli mapu a raster a IGN 1/25000, pakati (OSM vector 4UMAP) ndipo kumanja pali mapu a vekitala omwe amatchedwa "Garmin" oyendetsa njinga zamapiri.

Mawonekedwe a Cartographic

• Chizindikiro cha khadi sichokhazikika; mkonzi aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zosiyana 📜.
• Mapu a raster amatanthauzidwa mu ma pixel pa inchi (mwachitsanzo, chithunzi, kujambula). Kuchulukitsa kumachepera kapena kumawonjezera ma pixel pa inchi imodzi yamapu kuti agwirizane ndi sikelo yomwe skrini ikufuna. Mapu amawoneka ngati "otsika" mulingo womwe wafunsidwa pa zenera ukachuluka kuposa mapu.

IGN raster mapu kukula 7 × 7 Km, yokwanira kuphimba kuzungulira 50 Km, chophimba chophimba sikelo 1/8000 (wamba njinga mapiri sikelo) kumanzere, mapu amapangidwa pa sikelo ya 0,4, 1 m / pixel (4000/100), kukula kwa kompyuta 1,5 MB, kumanzere, mapu amapangidwa pamlingo wa 1 m / pixel (15000/9), kukula kwa kompyuta ndi XNUMX MB.

• Mapu a Vector nthawi zonse amakhala omveka pazenera, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake.

Mapu a Vector ochokera ku OSM, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo monga pamwambapa, kukula kwa mapu 18 x 7 km, kukula kwa kompyuta 1 MB. Sikelo yowonetsera pazenera 1/8000 Mawonekedwe azithunzi sadalira pa sikelo (makulitsidwe).

Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikufanizira ndi kumasulira (kuti mugwiritse ntchito panjinga zamapiri pamsikelo womwewo) mapu a Gamin TopoV6 kumanzere, pakati pa IGN France 1 / 25 (yomwe imayamba kusamveka pa sikelo iyi) ndi OSM "000. U-khadi "(OpenTraveller)

Kusiyanitsa kwa mapu ndi mitundu

Mapulogalamu ambiri, masamba kapena mapulogalamu ali ndi mindandanda yosankha ndikusankha mapu, monga OpenTraveller kapena UtagawaVTT.

• Kwa mapu a raster, mfundo ndi yofanana ndi yowonetsera chithunzi. Mapangidwe a mapu oyambirira (monga momwe akusonyezera pachithunzichi) akuyenera kukhala ndi kusiyana kwabwino, ndipo mawonekedwe a chinsalu potengera kuwala kapena kusiyana ndi kofunika kuti mupeze mapu owerengeka muzochitika zonse za dzuwa.
• Pamapu vekitala, kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe a skrini omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pulogalamuyo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zipangitsa mapu kukhala "achigololo" kapena ayi. Chifukwa chake, musanagule, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe mapu amakokedwera ndi pulogalamuyo kapena pulogalamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazenera la chipangizocho.

Pankhani ya GPS, wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina amatha kusintha kusiyana kwa zinthu zamapu vekitala:

• Mapu a Garmin Topo posintha, kusintha kapena kusintha * .typ wapamwamba.
• GPS TwoNav ndi fayilo ya *.clay yomwe ili m'ndandanda womwewo ndi mapu. Itha kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Land.

Zolondola ndi Zodalirika Zofunikira

Komabe mwazonse:

• Mapu, atangosindikizidwa, ali ndi zopatuka kuchokera ku zenizeni pansi, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthika kwachilengedwe (tellurism), nyengo (zomera), kulowererapo kwa anthu 🏗 (zomanga, kupezeka, ndi zina).
• Khadi yogulitsidwa kapena yogawidwa ndi bungwe nthawi zonse imakhala kumbuyo kwamunda. Kusiyanaku kumadalira tsiku lomwe Nawonso adayimitsidwa, tsiku lisanachitike tsiku logawira, kuchuluka kwa zosintha, komanso, koposa zonse, kuthekera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito pazosinthazi.
• Mamapu "aulere" opezeka kuti atsitsidwe azikhala atsopano komanso ogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe kuposa anzawo azamalonda ndi mamapu owoneka bwino.

OpenStreetMap ndi nkhokwe yogwirizana 🤝 kotero zosintha zikupitilira. Ogwiritsa ntchito mapu aulere amajambula kuchokera ku mtundu waposachedwa wa OSM.

Njira zozungulira

OpenStreetMap imalola wothandizira kuti azidziwitsa za mayendedwe ozungulira ndi mayendedwe ndikutchula mawonekedwe a MTB pafayilo imodzi. Izi sizimadzazidwa mwadongosolo, izi zimachitika motsatira malangizo a olemba 😊.

Kuti mudziwe ngati detayi ili munkhokwe, timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito OpenTraveller ndi 4 UMap basemap. Muchitsanzo chomwe chili pansipa, osakwatiwa ali ofiira, misewu ndi yakuda, ndipo muyezo wa njinga zamoto wa MTB umayikidwa ngati chizindikiro chophatikizidwa panjira kapena osakwatira.

Chitsanzo cha nthano (nthano) yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Freizeitkarte (mapu a vector aulere a Garmin GPS)

Chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikuwonetsa kusowa kwa kufananiza pamayendedwe apanjinga a MTB. Kuphatikiza pa kudalirika kwa mapu okwera njinga zamapiri, izi ndizothandiza kwa ma router kuwerengera ndikuwonetsa njira zoyenera zoyendetsera njinga zamapiri.

Misewu ikuluikulu yonse ilipo, chomwe ndi chitsimikizo chaubwino kwa okwera njinga. Njira zazikulu zoyendetsera njinga (njira za Eurovelo, Njira zapanjinga, ndi zina zambiri) zimayikidwa zofiira ndi zofiirira. Khadi litha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe amayenda pafupipafupi panjinga (mwachitsanzo, kupakira njinga, kuyendayenda).

Njira ndi mayendedwe oyenera kukwera njinga zamapiri ndi zolembedwa zofiirira. Kachulukidwe kanjira ndi kofanana pakati pa mawanga ofiirira, siwofanana ndi machitidwe a MTB m'nkhokwe chifukwa ndichifukwa chakusowa kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali.

Kusintha kwamakhadi

Kupanga makonda ndikuwulula mawonekedwe a MTB khadi. Mwachitsanzo, pa XC kukwera njinga zamapiri, cholinga cha makonda awa ndikutulutsa zithunzi za misewu, misewu, mayendedwe, osakwatiwa (zojambula, mtundu, ndi zina). Kwa makonda a Enduro MTB, mapu amatha kutsindika zojambula ndi maonekedwe a mayendedwe pa mfundo (chevrons, dashes, etc.) Mwachindunji, mwayi wochuluka ndi waukulu kwambiri.

Ambiri mwa omwe amapereka GPS kapena mapulogalamu a foni yamakono ali ndi zokonda zawo. Wogwiritsa 👨‍🏭 alibe chowongolera.

• Ku Garmin, mawonekedwe a mapu amafotokozedwa mu fayilo yomwe ili mumtundu wake .typ, fayiloyi ikhoza kusinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa ndi mawu osintha. Mutha kuzipeza pa intaneti kuti mutsitse, kapena mutha kupanga makonda anu. [Njira zogwirira ntchito zopangira zanu .typ yachokera pa ulalo uwu] (http://paraveyron.fr/gps/typ.php).
• TwoNav ili ndi mfundo yofanana, fayilo yokonzekera ili mu * .clay format. Ayenera kukhala ndi dzina lofanana ndi mapu ndikukhala m'malo omwewo macarte_layers.mvpf (OSM map) macarte_layers.clay (mawonekedwe) chikwatu. Kukonzekera kumachitika mwachindunji pazenera pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Land kudzera pa bokosi la zokambirana.

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa mfundo yokhazikitsira kugwiritsa ntchito LAND ndikuchepetsa makonda onse.

• Kumanzere, "bokosi la zokambirana" limapanga zigawo za zinthu, pakati pali mapu, kumanja pali bokosi la zokambirana loperekedwa ku zinthu zamtundu wa "njira" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza chinthu, mtundu, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero. zotheka ndi zochuluka ndipo kupitirira kukula kwa nkhaniyi.
• Malire akulu ndi gawo la zopereka "nthawi zonse". Mu chitsanzo ichi, njanji imatsatira enduro imodzi kapena DH (kutsika). Tsoka ilo, izi sizinaphatikizidwe mu data yamapu.

• Malire enawo siwojambula, koma cholakwika pazithunzi za GPS kapena foni yamakono yomwe ingachepetsedwe ndikusintha popanda kukonza.

ayamikira

Za GPS

wogulitsa	Zowonongeka	Makalata	Raster / Vector
bryton	kwaulere	GPS yapamwamba yokha Bryton Custom Openstreetmap Cycling Zokonzedweratu ndipo zilipo kuti zisinthidwe	V
Garmin	Kulipira	Mbewa Vx Vector yolemeretsedwa ndi IGN data kapena zofanana (kunja kwa France) Mawonekedwe azithunzi osinthika Panjinga makonda kapena kukwera njinga zamapiri.	V
Kulipira	Diso la mbalame Mtengo wofanana ndi 1/25 IGN ou IGN yapakati yofananira (kujambula kwamlengalenga)	R
kwaulere	Khadi laulere OpenStreetMap Mawonekedwe azithunzi amakonzedwa ndi mapu kutengera ntchito	V
kwaulere	Alexis card	V
kwaulere	OpenTopoMap	V
kwaulere	OpenMTBmap	V
kwaulere	Mobac	R
Hammerhead Karoo	kwaulere	OpenStreetMap yodzipereka yokhazikika panjinga, yoyikiratu, ndi zosintha zakumayiko ena.	V
Lezyne, PA	Mapu a foni yam'manja (app)
Awiri Nav	Kulipira	Chithunzi cha IGN Low Resolution Topographic (Kugulidwa ndi dziko, dipatimenti, chigawo kapena slab 10 x 10 km) IGN Ortho TomTom (yokha pa njinga ..) OpenStreetMap ndiyotheka kusinthika.	R R V V
kwaulere	Mapu amtundu uliwonse wokhala ndi chida cha Earth, scan scan, JPEG, KML, TIFF, ndi zina. IGN High Definition Topo (kudzera Mobac) Kutanthauzira Kwapamwamba IGN Ortho (Via Mobac) OpenStreetMap ndiyotheka kusinthika.	R R R V
Wahoo	kwaulere	Zokhazikitsidwa kale komanso zosinthika za Wahoo Openstreetmap.	V

Chonde dziwani kuti KAROO yaposachedwa kwambiri yopereka GPS yoyendetsa njinga imagwiritsa ntchito Android OS yomwe ili yogwirizana ndi kuthekera kofanana ndi foni yamakono, mumangofunika kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yoyenera kuti mukhale ndi foni yamakono yokhala ndi GPS.

Za smartphone

Mapulogalamu a foni yam'manja 📱 nthawi zambiri amapereka mamapu osinthika pa intaneti ochokera ku OSM okhala ndi makonda, kupalasa njinga, kukwera njinga zamapiri, ndi zina.

Wogwiritsa ayenera kudziwa:

• khalidwe, kupatula kufalitsa deta yam'manja ndi ndalama zoyendayenda kunja kwa France,
• kuthekera kowonjezera mamapu popanda kulumikizana
• kuti mapu akukhudza zonse zomwe mwathawirako ngati muli ndi mapulani akulu apaulendo.

Samalani chifukwa mapulogalamu ena azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko muno, ngakhale ambiri ndi onse.

Ndi khadi iti yomwe mungasankhe yochitira panja?

Raster map	Vector map
XC MTB	⭐️	⭐️⭐️
Chithunzi cha VTT DH	⭐️	⭐️⭐️
Enduro MTB	⭐️	⭐️⭐️
Kuyenda kwa MTB / Ulendo	⭐️⭐️⭐️
Kukwera njinga zamapiri / banja	⭐️⭐️⭐️
kuyenda	⭐️⭐️⭐️
Masewera Panjinga	⭐️	⭐️⭐️
Mtunda wapanjinga pakati pa njinga	⭐️⭐️	⭐️
nsangalabwi	⭐️	⭐️⭐️
Kuwonongeka	⭐️⭐️⭐️
kulolera	⭐️⭐️⭐️
Kukwera mapiri	⭐️⭐️⭐️

maulalo othandiza

• Osm Map Wiki ya Garmin
• Kusintha Mawonekedwe a Garmin Topo Vx Maps
• Mamapu aulere a Garmin GPS
• Ikani Freizcarte pa Garmin GPS Navigator
• Momwe Mungapangire Mamapu a Garmin Aulere
• Momwe mungapangire maziko a OpenStreetMap
• TwoNav momwe mungapangire mapu a vector okhala ndi mizere yolondola