Ndi fyuluta ya mpweya iti ya injini zoyatsira mkati zomwe zili bwino

Fyuluta ya mpweya iti yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri? Funsoli limafunsidwa ndi madalaivala ambiri, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa magalimoto omwe ali nawo. Posankha fyuluta, zinthu ziwiri zofunika ziyenera kuganiziridwa - miyeso yake ya geometric (ndiko kuti, kuti ikhale yolimba pampando wake), komanso mtundu wake. Kuchokera ku kampani yomwe fyuluta ya mpweya imasankhidwa ndi wokonda galimoto, makhalidwe ake amadaliranso. kutanthauza, zazikuluzikulu ndi kukana koyera kwa fyuluta (kuyezedwa mu kPa), coefficient yopatsira fumbi ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito pamtengo wofunikira.

Kuti tithandizire kusankha kosankhidwa ndi akonzi azinthu zathu, mavoti osachita malonda amakampani otchuka amasefa adapangidwa. Ndemangayi ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo aukadaulo, komanso mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zotsatira za mayeso ena. Koma, kuti mufike pa siteji yosankha kampani ya fyuluta ya mpweya, choyamba ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe awo ndi njira zomwe zili bwino kusankha.

Zosefera za Air

Injini yoyatsira mkati imawononga mpweya wochulukirapo ka 15 kuposa mafuta. Injini imafunika mpweya kuti ipange mpweya wabwino woyaka. Ntchito yachindunji ya fyuluta ndikusefa fumbi ndi tinthu tating'ono ta zinyalala mumlengalenga. Zomwe zili zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku 0,2 mpaka 50 mg/m³ za voliyumu yake. Choncho, ndi kuthamanga makilomita 15 zikwi, pafupifupi 20 zikwi kiyubiki mamita mpweya kulowa injini kuyaka mkati. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa fumbi mmenemo kungakhale kuchokera 4 magalamu mpaka 1 kilogalamu. Kwa injini za dizilo zomwe zili ndi kusuntha kwakukulu, chiwerengerochi chidzakhalanso chokwera. The fumbi tinthu awiri osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0,01 kuti 2000 µm. Komabe, pafupifupi 75% ya iwo ali ndi mainchesi a 5...100 µm. Chifukwa chake, fyulutayo iyenera kujambula zinthu zotere.

Zomwe zimawopseza kusefa kosakwanira

Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake kuli kofunikira kukhazikitsa fyuluta yabwino ya mpweya, ndikofunika kufotokoza zovuta zomwe kusankha kolakwika ndi / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yotsekedwa kungayambitse. Choncho, ndi kusefera kosakwanira kwa mpweya wambiri, mpweya wambiri umalowa mu injini yoyaka mkati, kuphatikizapo mafuta. Nthawi zambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mafuta timagwera m'malo ovuta kwambiri a injini zoyatsira mkati monga kusiyana pakati pa makoma a silinda ndi ma pistoni, m'mizere ya mphete za pisitoni, komanso muzitsulo za crankshaft. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mafuta ndi abrasive, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri mawonekedwe amagulu omwe adatchulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwazinthu zawo zonse.

Komabe, kuwonjezera pa kuvala kwakukulu kwa zigawo za injini zoyaka mkati, fumbi limakhazikikanso pa sensa ya mpweya wotuluka, yomwe imatsogolera ku ntchito yake yolakwika. ndiko kuti, chifukwa cha izi, chidziwitso chabodza chimaperekedwa ku gawo lowongolera zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusakanikirana kwa mpweya woyaka ndi magawo omwe si abwino kwambiri. Ndipo izi, zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kutayika kwa mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati ndi mpweya wambiri wa zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga.

Choncho, muyenera kusintha fyuluta ya mpweya malinga ndi malamulo. Ndipo ngati galimotoyo nthawi zonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa misewu yafumbi, ndiye kuti nthawi ndi nthawi ndi bwino kuyang'ana mkhalidwe wa fyuluta.

Madalaivala ena, m'malo mosintha fyuluta, igwedezeni. M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa njirayi ndikotsika kwambiri pazosefera zamapepala komanso ziro kwathunthu kwa zomwe sizinalukidwe.

Zoyang'ana posankha

Zosefera zamakono zamakina zimatha kuyeretsa mpaka 99,8% yafumbi pamagalimoto okwera mpaka 99,95% kuchokera pamagalimoto. Amatha kugwira ntchito nyengo zonse, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe apangidwe a fyuluta (mawonekedwe a corrugation) saloledwa kusintha pamene madzi alowa mu fyuluta (mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa galimoto mumvula). Kuonjezera apo, fyulutayo sayenera kusintha momwe imagwirira ntchito pamene mafuta a injini, mpweya wamafuta ndi mpweya wa crankcase umalowa mumlengalenga kapena chifukwa cha kusakaniza pamene injini yoyaka mkati imazimitsidwa. Komanso chofunika kwambiri ndicho kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwake, ndiko kuti, kuyenera kupirira kutentha mpaka +90 ° C.

Kuti tiyankhe funso limene fyuluta mpweya bwino kukhazikitsa, muyenera kudziwa za mfundo monga mayamwidwe mphamvu yeniyeni (kapena mtengo inverse wotchedwa fumbi kufala koyenerera), kukana kwa fyuluta woyera, nthawi ya ntchito mkhalidwe wovuta, kutalika kwa chikopa. Tiyeni tizitenge mwadongosolo:

1. Net filter resistance. chizindikirochi chimayesedwa mu kPa, ndipo mtengo wofunikira ndi 2,5 kPa (watengedwa kuchokera ku chikalata cha RD 37.001.622-95 "Internal combustion air cleaners. General Technical amafuna", zomwe zimatchula zofunikira zosefera magalimoto a VAZ) . Zosefera zamakono zambiri (ngakhale zotsika mtengo) zimakwanira m'malire ovomerezeka.
2. Fumbi kufala kokwana (kapena mphamvu mayamwidwe enieni). Uwu ndi mtengo wachibale ndipo amayezedwa mwa kuchuluka. Malire ake ofunikira ndi 1% (kapena 99% pakuyamwa mphamvu). Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa fumbi ndi dothi zomwe zatsekeredwa ndi fyuluta.
3. Nthawi ya ntchito. Imawonetsa nthawi yomwe mawonekedwe a fyuluta ya mpweya amachepetsedwa kukhala ofunika kwambiri (zosefera zimakhala zotsekedwa). Vuto lovuta kwambiri pazakudya zambiri ndi 4,9 kPa.
4. Makulidwe. M'nkhaniyi, kutalika kwa fyuluta ndikofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti fyulutayo ikhale yokwanira bwino pampando wake, kuteteza fumbi kuti lisadutse pazitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, zosefera mpweya wa magalimoto otchuka VAZ zoweta, mtengo otchulidwa ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana 60 mpaka 65 mm. Kwa mitundu ina yamakina, chidziwitso chofananira chiyenera kufunidwa m'mabuku.

Mitundu ya fyuluta ya mpweya

Zosefera zonse zamakina zimasiyana mawonekedwe, mitundu yazosefera, ndi miyeso ya geometric. Zonsezi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha. Tiyeni tipende zifukwa izi mosiyana ndi mzake.

Zida

Zosefera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazosefera mpweya ndi:

• Zopangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (mapepala). Kuipa kwa zosefera pamapepala ndikuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timasefa timasungidwa makamaka pa fyuluta pamwamba. Izi zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwapadera ndikuchepetsa moyo wa fyuluta (iyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi).
• Zopangidwa ndi ulusi wopangira (polyester). Dzina lake lina ndi zinthu zosalukidwa. Mosiyana ndi zosefera zamapepala, zinthu zotere zimasunga tinthu tosefedwa mu makulidwe awo onse (voliyumu). Chifukwa cha izi, zosefera zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu zimakhala zopambana kangapo pochita nawo mapepala (malingana ndi opanga enieni, mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo).
• Multilayer composite zipangizo. Iwo ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kuposa zosefera mapepala, koma ndi otsika chizindikiro ichi kwa Zosefera zopangidwa zinthu sanali nsalu.

Zofunika:

Zosefera zakuthupi	Kuchuluka kwapadera kwa mayamwidwe, g/mg	Kulemera kwapamtunda, g/m²
Pepala	190 ... 220	100 ... 120
Multilayer composite zipangizo	230 ... 250	100 ... 120
nsalu zopanda nsalu	900 ... 1100	230 ... 250

Kuchita kwa zosefera zatsopano kutengera zida zosiyanasiyana:

Zosefera zakuthupi	Galimoto yokwera yokhala ndi mafuta a ICE,%	Galimoto yokwera yokhala ndi injini ya dizilo,%	Galimoto yokhala ndi injini ya dizilo,%
Pepala	more 99,5	more 99,8	more 99,9
Multilayer composite zakuthupi	more 99,5	more 99,8	more 99,9
nsalu zopanda nsalu	more 99,8	more 99,8	more 99,9

Ubwino wowonjezera wa zosefera zopanda nsalu ndizomwe zimakhala zonyowa (mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa galimoto mvula yamkuntho), zimapereka kukana kwambiri kwa mpweya womwe umadutsamo. Choncho, potengera zomwe zatchulidwazi, zikhoza kutsutsidwa kuti zosefera zopanda nsalu ndi njira yabwino yothetsera galimoto iliyonse. Pazofooka, amatha kuzindikira mtengo wapamwamba poyerekeza ndi mapepala.

Fomu

Chotsatira chotsatira chomwe zosefera mpweya zimasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a nyumba zawo. Inde Ali:

• Round (dzina lina ndi mphete). Izi ndi zosefera zakale zomwe zimayikidwa pamainjini amafuta a carburetor. Iwo ali ndi zovuta zotsatirazi: kutsika kosavuta kusefera chifukwa cha malo ang'onoang'ono osefera, komanso malo ambiri pansi pa hood. Kukhalapo kwa thupi lalikulu mwa iwo ndi chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa aluminium mesh frame, popeza zosefera zimakhala ndi mphamvu zakunja zakunja.
• Gulu (logawidwa mu chimango ndi frameless). Pakali pano ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa makina opangira mpweya. Amayikidwa ponseponse mu jakisoni wa petulo ndi injini za dizilo. Amaphatikiza zabwino zotsatirazi: mphamvu, kuphatikizika, malo akulu osefa, kumasuka kwa ntchito. Mumitundu ina, kapangidwe ka nyumba kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo kapena pulasitiki mauna opangidwa kuti achepetse kugwedezeka ndi / kapena kusinthika kwa chinthu chosefera kapena mpira wowonjezera wa thovu womwe umawonjezera kusefa.
• Cylindrical. Zosefera zotere zimayikidwa pamagalimoto amalonda, komanso pamitundu ina yagalimoto zonyamula anthu okhala ndi injini za dizilo.

Munkhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu wa nyumba zosefera mpweya zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi ICE yagalimoto inayake.

Chiwerengero cha milingo yosefera

Zosefera za mpweya zimagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo a kusefera. kutanthauza:

• Mmodzi. Nthawi zambiri, pepala limodzi la pepala limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fyuluta, yomwe imanyamula katundu wonse. Zosefera zotere ndizosavuta, komabe, komanso zambiri.
• Awiri. Mapangidwe a fyulutawa akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chotchedwa pre-cleaner - chinthu chopangira chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa pepala losefera. Ntchito yake ndikutchera zinyalala zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri, zosefera zotere zimayikidwa pamagalimoto omwe amayendetsedwa m'malo ovuta kapena afumbi.
• Atatu. M'zosefera zotere, kutsogolo kwa zinthu zosefera, mpweya umatsukidwa ndi chimphepo chozungulira. Komabe, machitidwe ovuta oterowo sagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto wamba opangidwa kuti aziyendetsa kuzungulira mzindawo kapena kupitirira apo.

Zosefera za "null".

Nthawi zina pogulitsa mumatha kupeza zomwe zimatchedwa "zero" kapena zosefera zopanda kukana mpweya ukubwera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amasewera kuti awonetsetse kuti mpweya wochuluka umalowa mu injini yamphamvu yoyaka mkati. Izi zimapereka kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yake ndi 3 ... 5 ndiyamphamvu. Kwa masewera, izi zingakhale zofunikira, koma kwa galimoto wamba sizimawonekera.

M'malo mwake, kusefera kwa zinthu zotere kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Koma ngati ma ICE amasewera izi sizowopsa (popeza nthawi zambiri amatumikiridwa komanso / kapena kukonzedwa pambuyo pa mpikisano uliwonse), ndiye kuti ma ICE amagalimoto okwera okwera ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Zosefera za Zero zimatengera nsalu yapadera ya multilayer yomwe imayikidwa ndi mafuta. Njira ina ndi porous polyurethane. Zosefera za zero zimafunikira kukonza kwina. ndicho, awo osefa pamwamba ayenera impregnated ndi wapadera madzi. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitikira masewera magalimoto pamaso mpikisano.

motero, zosefera ziro zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amasewera. Sadzakhala ndi chidwi kwenikweni kwa eni magalimoto wamba omwe amayendetsa misewu yafumbi, koma chifukwa cha umbuli, amawayika ngati chinthu chokonzekera. Potero kuwononga injini kuyaka mkati

Mulingo wa opanga zosefera mpweya

Kuti tiyankhe funso limene mpweya fyuluta bwino kuvala galimoto yanu, zotsatirazi ndi mlingo sanali malonda a zosefera mpweya. Imapangidwa pazowunikira ndi mayeso omwe amapezeka pa intaneti, komanso zomwe zachitika pawekha.

Mann fyuluta

Zosefera zamtundu wa Mann-Filter zimapangidwa ku Germany. Iwo ndi apamwamba kwambiri ndi mankhwala wamba pakati eni magalimoto achilendo. Chinthu chosiyana ndi nyumba za zosefera zoterezi ndi gawo lalikulu la mtanda wa fyuluta wosanjikiza poyerekeza ndi choyambirira. Komabe, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mbali zozungulira. Komabe, izi sizimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yomwe imachitidwa ndi fyuluta. Mayesero awonetsa kuti chinthu chosefera ndi chapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kowuma komanso kopanda mipata. Chifukwa cha mayeso omwe adachitika, zidapezeka kuti fyuluta yatsopanoyo imadutsa 0,93% ya fumbi lomwe limadutsamo.

Opanga magalimoto nthawi zambiri amayika zosefera kuchokera ku kampaniyi kuchokera ku fakitale, kotero mukagula fyuluta ya mpweya wa Mann, ganizirani kuti mukusankha choyambirira, osati analogue. Pakati pa zolakwika za fyuluta ya makina a Mann, munthu angazindikire mtengo wokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi omwe akupikisana nawo. Komabe, izi zimalipidwa mokwanira ndi ntchito yake yabwino. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa zoseferazi umayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 500 ndi kupitilira apo.

BOSCH

Zosefera za mpweya zamakina a BOSCH ndi zapamwamba kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuganizira dziko limene mankhwala amapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, zosefera zopangidwa ku Russian Federation zidzakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito oyipa kuposa omwe amapangidwa ku EU (mwachitsanzo, pafakitale ku Czech Republic). Choncho, ndi bwino kugula "yachilendo" BOSCH.

Fyuluta yamagetsi yamtunduwu ili ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zogwirira ntchito. ndicho, gawo lalikulu kwambiri la pepala losefera, kuchuluka kwa makwinya, nthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa fumbi lodutsa ndi 0,89%. Mtengo, wokhudzana ndi mtundu wa zinthuzo, ndi demokalase, kuyambira ma ruble 300.

Fram

Zosefera zamakina amapangidwa ku Spain. Zogulitsa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi pepala lalikulu la fyuluta. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa CA660PL uli ndi malo okwana 0,35 sq. Chifukwa cha ichi, fyuluta ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. ndicho, amangodutsa 0,76% ya fumbi, ndipo ali ndi nthawi yaikulu ntchito pa galimoto. Madalaivala mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti fyuluta kampani akutumikira makilomita oposa 30, amene ndi wokwanira kwa moyo utumiki malinga ndi malamulo kukonza.

Zosefera zotsika mtengo kwambiri za Fram zimawononga ma ruble 200.

"Nevsky fyuluta"

Zosefera zapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo zapakhomo zomwe zimaphatikiza mikhalidwe yabwino. Mayeso awonetsa kuti fyulutayo imasunga 99,03% ya fumbi lomwe limadutsamo. Ponena za nthawi yake, iye akugwirizana nazo. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika mtengo, Sefa ya Nevsky ikhoza kulangizidwa kwa magalimoto apakati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'misewu ndi fumbi laling'ono (kuphatikizapo kuyendetsa galimoto mumzinda waukulu). Ubwino wowonjezera wa chomera cha Nevsky Filter ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosefera zopangidwa. Chifukwa chake, patsamba lovomerezeka la wopanga m'kabukhuli mutha kupeza zitsanzo ndi ma code a zosefera zenizeni zamagalimoto apanyumba ndi akunja, kuphatikiza magalimoto, magalimoto ndi magalimoto apadera.

Sefa

Zosefera mpweya wa Filtron ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zapamwamba kwambiri zamagalimoto osiyanasiyana. Nthaŵi zina, zimadziŵika kuti ubwino wa mlanduwo umasiya kukhala wofunika. Izi zimafotokozedwa, mwachitsanzo, pamaso pa pulasitiki yochuluka kwambiri pamlanduwo, ngakhale m'mphepete mwake mumapangidwa bwino. Mwakutero, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa fyuluta. Pali nthiti zouma m'thupi, ndiye kuti, fyulutayo siigwedezeka pamene ikuyenda. Ndi fyuluta yamapepala yomwe imakhala ndi mapepala ambiri. Payokha, ndi mdima, zomwe zimasonyeza kutentha kwake.

Zosefera za Air "Filtron" ndi za mtengo wapakati, ndipo zitha kulangizidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto a bajeti ndi makalasi apakati. Mtengo wa Filtron air fyuluta umayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 150.

Chakudya

Zosefera mpweya wa Mahle makina amapangidwa ku Germany. Amaonedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatchuka kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kuphedwa mosasamala kwa nyumba zosefera nthawi zambiri kumadziwika. ndicho, pali zitsanzo ndi kuchuluka kwa kung'anima (zowonjezera zinthu). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, palibe nthiti zouma pa chimango. Chifukwa cha ichi, pakugwira ntchito kwa fyuluta, phokoso losasangalatsa kwa anthu limawonekera nthawi zambiri.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, mbale ya fyuluta ndi yabwino kwambiri, yopangidwa ndi polyamide, osati polypropylene. Ndiko kuti, nsalu yotchinga ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo imasefa fumbi bwino. ndi khalidwe glued. Poyang'ana ndemanga zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti, munthu akhoza kuweruza makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a zosefera za mtundu uwu. Chotsalira chokha ndi mtengo wapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, zimayambira ku ma ruble 300.

Fyuluta YAKULU

Zosefera za mpweya za chizindikiro cha Big Filter zimapangidwa m'gawo la Russian Federation, ku St. Tikayang'ana ndemanga ndi mayesero, ndi imodzi mwa zosefera mpweya wabwino kwa VAZs zoweta. Kuphatikizapo chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi khalidwe la kuyeretsa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, nyumba zosefera ndi zapamwamba kwambiri, chisindikizocho chimapangidwa ndi polyurethane yapamwamba kwambiri. Komanso, nthawi zina amaponyedwa mosiyana, koma izi zimaloledwa ndi wopanga. Kukula kwake ndikwapamwamba kwambiri, pepala losefera ndi wandiweyani, lili ndi impregnation ya phenolic. Pazolakwazo, kudula kolakwika kokha kwa pepala lokha kungadziwike, komwe kumawononga kwambiri malingaliro ndikupangitsa eni galimoto kukayikira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.

Mayeso enieni awonetsa kuti fyuluta yatsopanoyo imadutsa pafupifupi 1% ya fumbi lomwe limadutsamo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito fyuluta ndiyokwera kwambiri. Zosefera zamtundu wa "Big Filter" ndizokulirapo, ndipo mtengo wa seti imodzi kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2019 umayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 130 (wa carburetor ICEs) kupita kumtunda.

Sakura

Pansi pa chizindikiro cha Sakura, apamwamba kwambiri, komabe, zosefera zodula zimagulitsidwa. Mu phukusi, fyulutayo nthawi zambiri imakulungidwa mu cellophane kuti isawonongeke. Palibe nthiti zowumitsa pamapulasitiki. Mapepala owonda amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sefa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu kokwanira, komwe kumapereka luso losefera bwino. Mlanduwu umapangidwa mwaukhondo, ndi kuwala kochepa. Zolimbitsa thupi zilinso zamtundu wabwino.

Nthawi zambiri, zosefera za mpweya za Sakura ndizokwanira, koma ndi bwino kuziyika pamagalimoto amgulu la bizinesi amtundu wamtengo wapakati ndi pamwambapa. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa fyuluta ya Sakura imayamba kuchokera ku ma ruble 300.

"Autoaggregate"

komanso zosefera zapanyumba komanso zapamwamba kwambiri. Mayesero asonyeza kuti amangodutsa 0,9% (!) ya fumbi. Pakati pa zosefera zaku Russia, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazowonetsa zabwino kwambiri. Maola ogwira ntchito nawonso ndi abwino. Zimadziwika kuti pepala lalikulu la fyuluta limaphatikizidwanso mu fyuluta. Kotero, mu fyuluta yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu VAZs yapakhomo, pali makutu okwana 209 mu nsalu yotchinga. Mtengo wa fyuluta wagalimoto yonyamula katundu wa chizindikiro cha Avtoagregat umachokera ku ma ruble 300 ndi zina zambiri.

M'malo mwake, msika wa zosefera zamakina pakali pano ndi wokulirapo, ndipo pamashelefu mutha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera, mwa zina, kudera la dziko (pazinthu).

Zosefera zabodza

Zigawo zambiri zamakina apachiyambi ndi zabodza. Zosefera mpweya zili chimodzimodzi. Choncho, kuti musagule zabodza, posankha fyuluta inayake, muyenera kumvetsera zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• mtengo. Ngati ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa zofananira zamitundu ina, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chifukwa choganiza. Mwachidziwikire, fyuluta yotereyi idzakhala yotsika komanso / kapena yabodza.

• Kupaka bwino. Onse opanga odzilemekeza amakono samasunga pamtundu wa ma CD. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pazakuthupi ndi kusindikiza kwake. Zojambula pamwamba pake ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ake azikhala omveka bwino. Sizololedwa kukhala ndi zolakwika za galamala pazolemba (kapena kuwonjezera zilembo zakunja ku mawu, mwachitsanzo, hieroglyphs).
• Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zothandizira. Pazosefera zambiri zoyambirira za mpweya, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito zolemba za volumetric. Ngati zili choncho, uwu ndi mkangano waukulu wokomera chiyambi cha mankhwalawo.
• Zizindikiro pa nyumba zosefera. Monga pakuyika, zizindikiro panyumba zosefera ziyenera kukhala zomveka komanso zomveka. Kusindikiza kolakwika ndi zolakwika za galamala ndizosaloledwa. Ngati zolembedwa papepala losefedwa sizili zofanana, ndiye kuti fyulutayo ndi yabodza.
• Kusindikiza khalidwe. Rabara kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa fyuluta nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yofewa, yokwanira bwino pamwamba, yopangidwa popanda mikwingwirima ndi zolakwika.
• Kutenga. Mu fyuluta yoyambirira yapamwamba, mapepala nthawi zonse amasungidwa bwino. ndiko kuti, pali mapindikidwe angwiro, mtunda womwewo pakati pa nthiti, makwinya amunthu ndi ofanana. Ngati fyulutayo yatambasulidwa kwambiri, pepalalo limayikidwa mosagwirizana, chiwerengero cha makutu ndi ochepa, ndiye kuti mwinamwake muli ndi zabodza.
• Kusindikiza Papepala. Chomatira chapadera chosindikizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'mphepete mwa mapepala. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumachitika pamzere wapadera wodzipangira womwe umapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Choncho, ngati guluu likugwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwirizana, pali mikwingwirima, ndipo pepala silimamatira mwamphamvu ku thupi, ndi bwino kukana kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yotereyi.
• Mafuta. Zinthu zina zosefera zimakutidwa ndi mafuta pamalo awo onse. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, popanda ma sags ndi mipata.
• Paper khalidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chiyambi cha fyuluta, chifukwa muyenera kudziwa zomwe pepala liyenera kukhala loyenera. Komabe, ngati chinthu chosefera pamapepala chili ndi vuto losauka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kukana zosefera zotere.
• Miyeso. Pogula, ndizomveka kuyeza pamanja miyeso ya geometric ya nyumba zosefera. Wopanga zinthu zoyambirira amatsimikizira kutsatiridwa kwa zizindikirozi ndi zomwe zalengezedwa, koma "ogwira ntchito m'bungwe" samatero.

Mosiyana ndi ma brake discs kapena mapepala omwewo, fyuluta ya mpweya si chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pagalimoto. Komabe, pogula fyuluta yotsika kwambiri, nthawi zonse pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa injini yoyatsira mkati yagalimoto ndikusinthira pafupipafupi chosefera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugula zida zosinthira zoyambirira.

Pomaliza

Posankha fyuluta imodzi kapena ina ya mpweya, choyamba, muyenera kulabadira mawonekedwe ake ndi miyeso ya geometric. Ndiko kuti, kuti ikhale yoyenera mwapadera kwa galimoto inayake. Ndikoyenera kugula osati mapepala, koma zosefera zopanda nsalu. Ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi wokwera, umakhala nthawi yaitali ndipo umasefa mpweya bwino. Ponena za ma brand enieni, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yodziwika bwino, pokhapokha mutagula gawo lapachiyambi. Ndikwabwino kukana zabodza zotsika mtengo, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yotsika kwambiri kumawopseza kubweretsa zovuta pakuyendetsa injini yoyaka mkati kwa nthawi yayitali. Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito ndege yanji? Lembani za izo mu ndemanga.