Zomwe antifreeze sizingawiritse ndikuzizira

Kuyesa kwina kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zamagalimoto, zomwe tidakonza kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizirayi, zidawonetsanso kuti zomwe zili mugulu ili lazinthu pamsika wathu ndizosawoneka bwino. Kuthekera kopeza antifreeze yotsika kwambiri ndikokwera kwambiri ...

Vuto la kukhalapo pamsika wa kuchuluka kwa antifreeze otsika kwambiri adadziwika zaka zingapo zapitazo, pamene anzanga ochokera m'mabuku ena agalimoto ndi ine ndinachita mayeso athunthu a antifreezes. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti gawo lalikulu la zitsanzo zomwe zidayesedwa panthawiyo sizinakwaniritse zomwe zidalengezedwa. Kukula kwa vutoli kumakulitsidwanso chifukwa chakuti zoziziritsa kukhosi zamagalimoto ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zikufunika kokhazikika. Ndipo ndizodabwitsa kuti masiku ano unyinji wamafuta oziziritsa, osiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, oimiridwa ndi mitundu yapanyumba ndi yakunja, amalowa mumsika womwe ukufunidwa. Pali zambiri, koma si onse omwe ali oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Izi zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa dziko la Russia silinatengebe lamulo laukadaulo lomwe liyenera kugawa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndikukhazikitsa magawo, komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Chikalata chokhacho chowongolera chokhudza antifreezes (ndiko kuti, zoziziritsa kuzizira pang'ono) zikadali GOST 28084-89 yakale, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale m'masiku a Soviet Union. Mwa njira, zomwe zili mu chikalatachi zimagwira ntchito pazamadzimadzi zomwe zimapangidwa pamaziko a ethylene glycol (MEG).

Mkhalidwe umenewu umamasula m'manja mwa opanga osakhulupirika omwe, pofuna kupeza phindu, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoopsa. Dongosolo ili lili motere: mabizinesi amapanga njira yawo yoziziritsira kuchokera kuzinthu zotsika mtengo ndikuzijambula mwanjira yaukadaulo wina (TU), pambuyo pake amayamba kuchulukitsa katundu wawo.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za "antifreeze" bodyagi ndikugwiritsa ntchito chosakaniza cholowa m'malo chokhala ndi glycerin yotsika mtengo komanso methanol yotsika mtengo m'malo mwa MEG yodula. Zonse ziwirizi ndizovulaza kwambiri ku dongosolo lozizirira. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, glycerin imathandizira kukula kwa dzimbiri, makamaka mumayendedwe ozizirira a cylinder block, imakhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba (omwe amakhala nthawi makumi khumi kuposa a ethylene glycol) komanso kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, komwe kumabweretsa kufulumizitsa. pompopompo. Mwa njira, pofuna kuchepetsa mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi kachulukidwe koziziritsa, makampani amawonjezera chinthu china choyipa - methanol.

Mowa umenewu, tikukumbukira, uli m'gulu la ziphe zoopsa zaukadaulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake popanga zinthu zambiri kumaletsedwa ndi lamulo, kuphwanya komwe kumawopseza ndi zilango zazikulu zoyang'anira. Komabe, ichi ndi chimodzi chokha, mbali yazamalamulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wa methyl mu kuzirala sikuvomerezekanso mwaukadaulo, chifukwa methanol imangoyimitsa magawo ake ndi misonkhano yake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti njira yamadzimadzi ya methyl mowa pa kutentha kwa 50 ° C ndi pamwamba imayamba kugwirizana kwambiri ndi zitsulo zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu, kuziwononga. Mlingo wa kuyanjana koteroko ndi wokwera kwambiri ndipo sungafanane ndi momwe zimakhalira zowonongeka kwazitsulo. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amatcha njirayi kuti etching, ndipo mawu awa amadzilankhula okha.

Koma ichi ndi gawo chabe la mavuto amene "methanol" antifreeze amalenga. Zoterezi zimakhala ndi kuwira kochepa (pafupifupi 64 ° C), kotero methanol imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku dera lozizira. Zotsatira zake, zoziziritsa kuzizira zimakhalabe pamenepo, magawo a kutentha omwe samafanana konse ndi magawo ofunikira a injini. M'chilimwe, nyengo yotentha, madzi oterowo amawira mofulumira, kupanga mapulagi mumayendedwe ozungulira, omwe amatsogolera kutenthedwa kwa injini. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzizira, imatha kusandulika kukhala ayezi ndikuletsa mpope. Malinga ndi akatswiri, zinthu za munthu kuzirala dongosolo mayunitsi, mwachitsanzo, madzi mpope impellers, amenenso pansi katundu zazikulu zazikulu, amawonongedwa ndi methanol-glycerin antifreeze pafupifupi nyengo imodzi.

Ndicho chifukwa chake mayeso apano, omwe adapangidwa pamodzi ndi chidziwitso ndi kusanthula zipata "Avtoparad", cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zili ndi mowa wa methyl. Kuti tiyese, tinagula zitsanzo khumi ndi ziwiri za antifreezes zosiyanasiyana ndi antifreezes, zomwe zidagulidwa kumalo opangira mafuta, likulu ndi misika yamagalimoto ya dera la Moscow, komanso malo ogulitsa magalimoto. Mabotolo onse okhala ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi adasamutsidwa ku imodzi mwama laboratories oyesa a 25th State Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense ya Russian Federation, omwe akatswiri ake adachita maphunziro onse ofunikira.

Ma antifreeze omwe simuyenera kugula

Kunena mosapita m'mbali, zotsatira zomaliza za mayeso azinthu zomwe zimachitika m'mabungwe ofufuza sizilimbikitsa chiyembekezo. Dziweruzireni nokha: mwa zakumwa 12 zomwe zidagulidwa ndi ife kuti tiyesedwe, methanol idapezeka mu zisanu ndi chimodzi (ndipo iyi ndi theka la zitsanzo), komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu (mpaka 18%). Izi zikuwonetsanso kuuma kwa vuto lomwe limakhudzana ndi chiopsezo chopeza ma antifreeze owopsa komanso otsika pamsika wathu. Mwa omwe adachita nawo mayesowa ndi awa: Alaska Tosol -40 (Tektron), Antifreeze OZH-40 (Volga-Oil), Pilots Antifreeze Green Line -40 (Streksten), Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 ndi Antifreeze OZH-40 (onse opangidwa ndi Promsintez), komanso Antifreeze A-40M Northern Standard (NPO Organic-Progress).

Kubwereranso ku zotsatira zoyesa, tikuwona kuti zizindikiro za kutentha kwa "methanol" ozizira sizimatsutsidwa. Choncho, kutentha kwawo, komwe, malinga ndi ndime 4.5 ya TU 6-57-95-96, sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa madigiri 108, kwenikweni ndi madigiri 90-97, omwe ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa madzi otentha a madzi wamba. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mwayi woti galimoto yokhala ndi antifreezes zisanu ndi chimodzizi imatha kuwira (makamaka m'chilimwe) ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Zinthu sizili bwino ndi kutentha kwa isanayambike crystallization. Pafupifupi zitsanzo zonse zomwe zili ndi methanol sizipirira chisanu cha digirii 40 chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi muyezo wamakampani, ndipo zitsanzo za Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 zidazizira kale pa -30 ° C. Nthawi yomweyo, ena opanga zoziziritsa kukhosi, popanda chikumbumtima chilichonse, amawonetsa pazolemba kuti zinthu zawo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za Audi, BMW, Volkswagen, Opel, Toyota, Volvo ...

 

Ma antifreezes omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za opanga magalimoto

Tsopano tiyeni tilankhule za zoziziritsa kukhosi zapamwamba, zomwe magawo ake ali mkati mwamiyezo. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuyesedwa zidawonetsedwa ndi opanga onse akuluakulu a antifreeze, onse aku Russia ndi akunja. Izi ndi zodziwika bwino zapakhomo monga CoolStream (Technoform, Klimovsk), Sintec (Obninskorgsintez, Obninsk), Felix (Tosol-Sintez-Invest, Dzerzhinsk), Niagara (Niagara, Nizhny Novgorod). Kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja, mtundu wa Liqui Moly (Germany) ndi Bardahl (Belgium) adatenga nawo gawo pamayeso. Amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zabwino. Ma antifreeze onse omwe adalembedwa amapangidwa pamaziko a MEG, omwe amatsimikizira kwambiri momwe amagwirira ntchito. Makamaka, pafupifupi onse amakhala ndi malire akulu pokhudzana ndi kukana chisanu komanso kuwira.

Antifreeze Sintec Premium G12+

Malingana ndi zotsatira za mayesero amakono, Sintec Premium G12 + antifreeze ili ndi malire abwino a chisanu - kutentha kwa crystallization ndi -42 C m'malo mwa -40 C. Chopangidwa ndi Obninskorgsintez potengera luso lamakono la organic synthesis kuchokera pamwamba. grade ethylene glycol ndi phukusi lakunja lazowonjezera zogwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zotsirizirazi, Sintec Premium G12+ antifreeze imalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndipo sichipanga madipoziti mkati mwa makina ozizirira. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ndi mafuta abwino omwe amatalikitsa moyo wa mpope wamadzi. Antifreeze ili ndi zovomerezeka kuchokera kwa opanga magalimoto odziwika (Volkswagen, MAN, FUZO KAMAZ Trucks Rus) ndipo akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamagalimoto onyamula anthu opangira zapakhomo ndi zakunja, magalimoto ndi magalimoto ena omwe ali ndi zikhalidwe zapakatikati komanso zowopsa. Mtengo wa 1 lita - 120 rubles.

 

Liqui Moly antifreeze radiator yanthawi yayitali GTL 12 Plus

Zozizira zochokera kunja Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus zidapangidwa ndi kampani yaku Germany ya Liqui Moly, yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso chambiri popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzimadzi aukadaulo wamagalimoto ndi mafuta. Chogulitsacho ndi choyambirira cha mbadwo watsopano, wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito monoethylene glycol ndi phukusi lapamwamba la zowonjezera zowonjezera zochokera ku organic carboxylic acid. Monga momwe kafukufuku wathu wasonyezera, antifreeze iyi imakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wozizira ukuyenda bwino kuyambira -45 ° C mpaka +110 ° C. Monga momwe omangawo amawonera, antifreeze imalimbana bwino ndi kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo za electrochemical, komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa ma aluminiyamu. Kuzizira kwayesedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi opanga magalimoto otsogola padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zivomerezedwe ndi Audi, BMW, DaimlerCrysler, Ford, Porsche, Seat, Skoda. Tikuwonanso kuti Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus imasakanizidwa ndi antifreezes wamba a G12 (nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto wofiira), komanso ndi antifreezes wamba wa G11. Nthawi yovomerezeka yosinthira ndi zaka 5. Mtengo wa 1 lita - 330 rubles.

Zosasintha za CoolStream

CoolStream Standard carboxylate antifreeze imapangidwa ndi Technoform, m'modzi mwa otsogola ku Russia opanga zoziziritsa kukhosi zamagalimoto. Ndi ethylene glycol-based multi-purpose green coolant yokhala ndi ukadaulo wa Organic Acid Technology (OAT) carboxylate. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku Arteco (Belgium) Corrosion Inhibitor BSB ndipo ndi kopi yeniyeni (rebrand) ya Antifreeze BS-Coolant. Zogulitsazo zidapangidwa kuti ziziziziritsa zama injini amakono a petulo ndi dizilo zakunja ndi zapakhomo. Lili ndi zowonjezera zochokera ku Arteco (Belgium), mgwirizano pakati pa Chevron ndi Total, chomwe ndi chitsimikizo cha mtundu wa CoolStream carboxylate antifreezes. Zokwanira kunena kuti CoolStream Standard imakumana ndi miyezo iwiri yolimba yapadziko lonse lapansi: American ASTM D3306 ndi British BS 6580, ndipo moyo wake wautumiki umafika 150 km popanda kusinthidwa. Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso a labotale, benchi ndi nyanja ya CoolStream Standard antifreeze, zivomerezo zovomerezeka ndi zovomerezeka zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku AVTOVAZ, UAZ, KamAZ, GAZ, LiAZ, MAZ ndi mafakitale ena angapo aku Russia amagalimoto tsopano alandiridwa.

Felix Carbox G12

Felix Carbox coolant ndi m'badwo watsopano wa carboxylate antifreeze. Malinga ndi gulu la VW, limafanana ndi gulu la G12 + organic antifreeze. Pakuyesedwa, mankhwalawa adawonetsa chimodzi mwazotsatira zabwino kwambiri za kukana chisanu (kupirira kutentha kochepa mpaka -44 madigiri). Dziwani kuti Felix Carbox wadutsa mayeso athunthu ku American Research Center ABIC Testing Laboratories, yomwe idatsimikizira kutsata kwake kwathunthu ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ASTM D 3306, ASTM D 4985, ASTM D 6210, yomwe imayang'anira zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi mtundu wa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Pakadali pano, malondawa ali ndi zivomerezo kuchokera kwa angapo akunja komanso opanga magalimoto apanyumba, kuphatikiza AvtoVAZ ndi KAMAZ, GAZ, YaMZ ndi TRM.

Felix Carbox amapangidwa kuchokera ku premium grade monoethylene glycol, opangidwa mwapadera opangidwa mwapadera madzi oyera opanda mchere komanso phukusi lapadera la carboxylic acid. Kugwiritsa ntchito antifreeze kumawonjezera mtunda mpaka m'malo mwake (mpaka 250 km), malinga ngati mankhwalawa sakusakanikirana ndi mitundu ina ya zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Niagara RED G12+

Niagara RED G12+ antifreeze ndi choziziritsa kukhosi chatsopano chopangidwa ndi akatswiri a Niagara PKF. Chogulitsacho chinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera wa Extended Life Coolant Technology carboxylate, chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe ndikutha kupanga nsanjika yoteteza madontho m'malo omwe dzimbiri limayamba kupanga. Mtundu uwu wa antifreeze umapereka nthawi yowonjezereka (mpaka zaka 5 zogwira ntchito mutadzaza makina ozizirira kapena 250 km yothamanga). Tikuwonanso kuti choziziritsa cha Niagara RED G000 + chadutsa mayeso athunthu kuti atsatire miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ASTM D12, ASTM D3306 mu ABIC Testing Laboratories, USA. Kuphatikiza apo, antifreeze ili ndi chivomerezo chovomerezeka cha "AvtoVAZ", komanso mbewu zina zamagalimoto aku Russia, pakuwonjezera mafuta koyamba pa conveyor.

Pakuyesa, Niagara RED G12+ antifreeze adawonetsa chachikulu kwambiri (pakati pa otenga nawo mayeso) malire a chisanu (mpaka -46 ° C). Ndi zizindikiro za kutentha zotere, choziziritsa ichi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi zigawo zonse za Russia. Chodziwika bwino cha Niagara G12 Plus Red canister ndi chopondera chosavuta kubweza chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kudzaza madzi munjira yozizira. Mtengo wa 1 lita - 100 rubles.

Bardahl Universal Concentrate

Chida choyambirira cha ku Belgian antifreeze chimapangidwa pamaziko a monoethylene glycol pogwiritsa ntchito phukusi laukadaulo lazowonjezera za carboxylate. Chodziwika bwino cha mankhwalawa ndi kusinthasintha kwake - antifreeze yochokera pa iyo imasakanizidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa organic ndi mineral coolants, mosasamala mtundu, kuphatikizapo antifreeze. Pakuyesa, mankhwalawa sanangotsimikizira zizindikiro za kutentha zomwe zalengezedwa, koma ngakhale zinasintha. Malingana ndi oimira kampani yopanga mapulogalamu, antifreeze imatsutsa bwino kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo za electrochemical, komanso kutentha kwapamwamba kwazitsulo zotayidwa. Choziziriracho chimalimbikitsidwanso pamainjini omwe amafunikira kuwongolera kutentha - ma injini othamanga kwambiri, ma injini a turbocharged. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti Bardahl Universal Concentrate silowerera pazitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndi ma aloyi, kaya ndi mkuwa, mkuwa, chitsulo cha alloy, chitsulo chosungunuka kapena aluminiyumu. Antifreeze sichimakhudza kwambiri mphira ndi zinthu zapulasitiki zamakina ozizira. Kuchokera pakugwira ntchito mumayendedwe ozizirira a magalimoto onyamula anthu amatha kufikira 250 km, ndipo moyo wotsimikizika wautumiki ndi zaka 000. Mwachidule, chinthu choyenera. Mtengo wa 5 lita imodzi yamadzimadzi - 1 rubles.

Ndiye, ndi malingaliro otani omwe angatengedwe kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso? Choyamba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pamsika, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zabwino zamtundu wodziwika bwino, pali zinthu zambiri zoziziritsa kukhosi zamitundu ina, komanso kutali ndi zabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake ngati simuli tech savvy, tsatirani malamulo osavuta. Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito antifreeze yovomerezedwa ndi wopanga magalimoto anu. Ngati simungapeze zoziziritsa kukhosi zotere - sankhani mtundu womwewo wa antifreeze womwe ukulimbikitsidwa pagalimoto yanu, koma uyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi makampani ena amagalimoto. Ndipo musatengere mawu a ogulitsa magalimoto omwe akuwonetsa "superantifreezes" zawo. Mwa njira, sikovuta kwambiri kuyang'ana kulondola kwa deta yomwe yalengezedwa. Kuti tifotokoze zambiri za kupezeka kwa kulolerana, nthawi zina ndikwanira kuyang'ana bukhu lautumiki, zolemba zamagalimoto, mawebusayiti a mafakitale agalimoto ndi opanga antifreeze. Pogula, tcherani khutu ku ma CD - pamabotolo ena opanga amamatira chizindikiro "Mulibe glycerin" - kuthetsa kukayikira za ubwino wa mankhwala awo.

Mwa njira, pazovuta zonse zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa mu dongosolo loziziritsa injini chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito glycerin-methanol antifreezes, lero ndizotheka komanso kofunika kutsutsa opanga awo. Pali zifukwa zamalamulo za izi, kuphatikiza zomwe zimatengedwa pamaboma. Kumbukirani kuti kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC), ndi Chigamulo chake No. 162, idasintha Zofunikira Zogwirizana za Ukhondo ndi Epidemiological ndi Malamulo aukadaulo a Customs Union "Pa Zofunika Zopangira Mafuta, Mafuta ndi Zamadzimadzi Zapadera” (TR TS 030/2012) . Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, chiletso chokhwima chidzakhazikitsidwa pazomwe zili mu mowa wa methyl mu zoziziritsa kukhosi - zisapitirire 0,05%. Chigamulochi chayamba kale kugwira ntchito, ndipo tsopano mwini galimoto aliyense angagwiritse ntchito, m'njira yovomerezeka ndi lamulo, kuti azilamulira (kuyang'anira) mabungwe ndikupempha chipukuta misozi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa katundu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi luso. malamulo. Chikalata cha Eurasian Economic Commission ndi chovomerezeka m'gawo la mayiko asanu omwe ali mamembala a EEC: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia ndi Kyrgyzstan.